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HomeMy WebLinkAboutAGENDA REPORT 2023 0124 PC REG ITEM 08CCITY OF MOORPARK, CALIFORNIA Planning Commission Meeting of January 24, 2023 Item: 8.C. ACTION: Approved Staff Recommendation, Including Adoption of Resolution No. PC-2022-690. BY: J. Lugo A. Consider Resolution No. PC-2023-690, Recommending that the City Council Approve General Plan Amendment No. 2023-01 Adopting the 2021-2029 Housing Element and Make a Determination of Exemption Pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act in Connection Therewith. Staff Recommendation: 1) Open the public hearing, accept public testimony, and close the public hearing; and 2) Adopt Resolution No. PC-2023-690, recommending that the City Council approve General Plan Amendment No. 2023-01 adopting the 2021-2029 Housing Element and find the project exempt from the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). (Staff: Doug Spondello) MOORPARK PLANNING COMMISSION AGENDA REPORT TO: Honorable Planning Commission FROM: Doug Spondello, AICP, Deputy Community Development Director DATE: 01/24/2023 Regular Meeting SUBJECT: Consider Resolution No. PC-2023-690, Recommending that the City Council Approve General Plan Amendment No. 2023-01 Adopting the 2021-2029 Housing Element and Make a Determination of Exemption Pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act in Connection Therewith STAFF RECOMMENDATION 1. Open the public hearing, accept public testimony, and close the public hearing; and 2. Adopt Resolution No. PC-2023-690, recommending that the City Council approve General Plan Amendment No. 2023-01 adopting the 2021-2029 Housing Element and find the project exempt from the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). BACKGROUND The Housing Element is one of the state-mandated elements of the General Plan. The Housing Element is the City’s blueprint for facilitating the provision of housing opportunities for all residents. The City of Moorpark is required (Government Code Section 65588) to update its General Plan Housing Element every eight years. In accordance with state law (Government Code Section 65583), the Housing Element is required to identify and analyze existing and projected housing needs within City limits and to prepare goals, policies, programs, and objectives to further the preservation, improvement, and development of housing. In accordance with state law, the housing element must contain an analysis of fair housing opportunity along with goals, policies, and programs to further fair housing. A major component of the Housing Element is the allocation of housing units through a process known as the Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA). RHNA allocations are provided in eight-year cycles by the State Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) and in coordination with the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG). With each update to the Housing Element, the City is required to Item: 8.C. 366 Honorable Planning Commission 1/24/2023 Regular Meeting Page 2 identify sites that are suitable for housing development in order to fully meet the City’s RHNA obligation. While the City is required to adopt land use policies that provide opportunities to build the housing units identified by RHNA, the city is not responsible for ensuring the construction of these units. Instead, this is a function of the free market and private development interests. Unlike most chapters of the General Plan which will identify long-term objectives through 2050, the Housing Element covers only a tighter eight year planning timeframe. The City’s current Housing Element covers the planning timeframe of 2014-2021. The City’s proposed Housing Element discussed herein covers the timeframe of 2021-2029. Unlike other General Plan chapters, the Housing Element is a very detailed document due to the numerous statutory requirements that govern the content that must be addressed. As such, the Housing Element is the only chapter of the General Plan that must be reviewed and certified by the State Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) and adopted by the City Council to achieve compliance with State Law. The update to the Housing Element was prepared as part of the comprehensive update of the General Plan. The Draft Housing Element reflects an extensive public outreach process that included community, stakeholders, the General Plan Advisory Committee (GPAC), Planning Commission and City Council. On January 13, 2022, the Planning Commission recommended that the City Council direct staff to submit the Draft Housing Element to HCD for review. On January 19, 2022, the Council confirmed the content of the Draft Housing Element and authorized staff providing the Draft to HCD to initiate the review. HCD Review HCD has reviewed the Draft Housing Element and City staff and consultant have revised the element accordingly. HCD letters were issued on May 9, 2022, and September 2, 2022. Each draft and response provided by HCD has been shared with project stakeholders by e-mail and published online for public review at: https://www.moorparkca.gov/1055/2021--2029-City-of-Moorpark-Draft-Housin HCD’s comments centered around the following broad topic areas: 1) Potential Constraints. HCD required changes to the City’s municipal codes to facilitate housing and mirror new state law, streamlining of development processes to facilitate development, and various technical clarifications. 2) Land Inventory. HCD required additional demonstration that the projects selected to address the RHNA were feasible, had accounted for adequate infrastructure and services, and that matched the required affordability levels in the RHNA. 367 Honorable Planning Commission 1/24/2023 Regular Meeting Page 3 3) Fair Housing. HCD required changes to ensure that the goals, policies, and programs affirmatively furthered fair housing, with a focus on areas of the City which have historically required greater investment. 4) Housing Plan. HCD required either new housing programs or revisions to existing housing programs to address the many changes in state law that have occurred in the past few years. All of the changes requested by HCD were made to achieve compliance with state law. As a result, HCD provided a letter on November 29, 2022, indicating that the revised Draft Housing Element meets the statutory requirements and that the Housing Element will comply with State Housing Element Law (Article 10.6 of the Gov. Code) when adopted, submitted to, and approved by HCD, in accordance with Government Code Section 65585, subdivision (g). Following recommendation by the Planning Comission, the City Council will hold a public hearing to consider adoption of the Housing Element. If adopted, the document will then be submitted to HCD for final certification. PUBLIC OUTREACH AND INPUT Though the time horizon for the updated Housing Element is focused on the eight-year planning cycle, discussions with the public and GPAC about the City’s housing objectives began with consideration of the broader 30-year framework of the comprehensive General Plan update. This step was taken to ensure that proposed housing goals, policies, and programs in the housing element would be consistent with and supportive of the City’s long-term direction and community vision. The slogan of the 2050 General Plan Update is “Made by Moorpark”. As a result, staff provided significant opportunities for the public to direct, review, and confirm the policies being recommended with all aspects of the General Plan, including the Housing Element. The process of updating the General Plan began with a citizen-led community conversation about Moorpark – where we have been, who we are today, and our community’s aspirations for our City as we plan to 2050. These discussions were largely informed by the 2020 Existing Conditions Report1 which comprehensively examined all aspects of Moorpark’s development, land use, economy, demographics, transportation, and other factors as a means to begin informed discussions regarding the future. This initial outreach culminated in the development of a “vision statement”, which is a high-level, foundational description of Moorpark in 2050, similar to a large corporation’s mission statement. The vision statement guides the development of the long-term goals 1 General Plan Update – 2020 Existing Conditions Report; https://moorparkgeneralplan.com/wp- content/uploads/2020/12/Moorpark-2020_ExistingConditionsReport_web.pdf 368 Honorable Planning Commission 1/24/2023 Regular Meeting Page 4 and policies that will be included in the General Plan, to strategically align our actions with the community’s vision of the future. To encourage participation in and gather input for the General Plan update and community visioning discussion, staff launched a robust and multifaceted outreach program consisting of multiple pop-up outreach events, personal outreach by the GPAC, public signage, a robust project website that was regularly updated, and both digital and print media outreach in English and in Spanish. The intent was to provide opportunities for the community to participate in a manner that was convenient for them. On November 19, 2020, Staff hosted a Community Visioning Workshop to receive public input regarding how the community should look and feel in the year 2050. Participants used a web-based survey program to provide 207 comments describing the community’s vision for Moorpark on a variety of topics. Following the Community Visioning Workshop, staff provided an additional week for the public to provide input using the survey platform and advertised this on social media. After the workshop, public input was reviewed and organized to identify more specific vision themes and overarching values that would be used by the GPAC to prepare the draft vision statement. Draft Vision Statement On December 10, 2020, the GPAC met to develop the draft vision statement. In drafting the statement, the GPAC considered all public input received through the Community Attitudes Survey, the October 22, 2020, GPAC meeting, and the November 19 Community Visioning Workshop. The GPAC unanimously recommended, and the City Council approved the following Vision Statement for the 2050 General Plan: Moorpark in 2050 is a virtually and physically connected community that provides a sustainable, diverse, inclusive, equitable and safe place to live, work, and play for all generations. Moorpark supports and values local businesses, arts and education, innovation, healthy living, and maintains its family-oriented small-town feel. We are stewards of the environment and honor our agricultural and cultural heritage. We balance these values to maintain a high quality of life for our residents. This Vision Statement, along with the City Council’s Strategic Goal No. 1 for 2021-2023 to “Identify Options and Solutions to Barriers for Housing for All Economic and Age Ranges,” formed the foundation for the Housing Element’s goals, policies, and programs. General Plan Advisory Committee The GPAC provided extensive input, feedback, and recommendations on the Housing Element. All GPAC meetings were duly advertised and open to the public who could participate either in-person or online. All materials are available at http://moorparkgeneralplan.com/participate/gpac/. The GPAC meetings covered a number of topics relevant to the Housing Element, including housing sites; housing needs and trends; and housing goals, policies, and programs. GPAC agendas indicated that 369 Honorable Planning Commission 1/24/2023 Regular Meeting Page 5 assistance and information in Spanish would be available upon request. Meeting dates and topics related to the Housing Element are outlined in Table 1, below: Table 1 – Summary of GPAC Meetings Related to Housing Element Meeting Date Discussion Topic • Oct. 1, 2020 • Oct. 22, 2020 • Dec. 10, 2020 • Nov. 12, 2020 • Feb. 25, 2021 • Mar. 18, 2021 GPAC Orientation Visioning Visioning Existing Conditions Opportunity Sites Opportunity Sites • Apr. 29, 2021 • May 27, 2021 • Jul. 10, 2021 • Sep. 2, 2021 • Dec. 9, 2021 • Dec. 16, 2021 Development Types and Housing Land Use + Opportunity Sites Land Use Workshop Housing Issues Housing Goals and Programs Land Use Opportunity Areas Through the development of the Housing Element, the City made a diligent effort to achieve participation of residents of the city. The City, working with its consulting team, sought to engage the public throughout the update process for the draft Housing Element. To supplement visioning and GPAC meetings, the City also conducted direct consultations with community stakeholders and developers listed below. These conversations refined the issues and priorities for the 2021-2029 Housing Element. Interviews included: • Farmworker Housing Interests (House Farmworkers) • Homeless Service Providers (County of Ventura) • Senior Service Agencies (City of Moorpark, Area Agency on Aging) • Disabled Person Organizations (Independent Living Center, Tri County Regional) • Fair Housing (Housing Rights Center, state and federal fair housing agencies) • College Student, Faculty, and Employees (Moorpark College) • Affordable Housing Developers (People’s Self Help, Habitat, etc.) • Market Rate Housing Developers (Private Developers and Architects) 370 I Honorable Planning Commission 1/24/2023 Regular Meeting Page 6 THE DRAFT 2021-2029 HOUSING ELEMENT Moorpark’s updated Housing Element is the City’s plan for addressing its housing needs over the next eight-year planning cycle – from 2021 through 2029. Like all content of the General Plan, the Housing Element is aligned to the 2050 Vision Statement: Moorpark in 2050 is a virtually and physically connected community that provides a sustainable, diverse, inclusive, equitable and safe place to live, work, and play for all generations. Moorpark supports and values local businesses, arts and education, innovation, healthy living, and maintains its family-oriented small-town feel. We are stewards of the environment and honor our agricultural and cultural heritage. We balance these values to maintain a high quality of life for our residents. The Housing Element goals and policies reflect a commitment to: • maintaining the quality and character of the community; • sustaining commercial and industrial business sectors; • complementing the historic flavor of downtown; • reflecting the city’s General Plan Vision Statement; • identifying options and solutions to barriers for housing for all; • providing housing for future generations of Moorpark residents; and • furthering equal and fair housing opportunities for all residents. The 2021-2029 Housing Element contains the following sections: • Introduction. Includes an overview of the community, the statutory authority and requirements, related planning efforts, overview of the outreach process that informed the development of the Housing Element, and process for maintaining consistency with other parts of the General Plan. • Needs Assessment. Analysis of demographic, social, and housing characteristics; special housing needs; and current and future housing needs due to population growth, demographic change, and other factors affecting housing need, including a focus on fair housing. • Constraints Analysis. Analysis of governmental and nongovernmental constraints that affect the development, maintenance, and improvement of housing for all income groups and people with disabilities. This chapter includes an assessment of fair housing required under AB 686. 371 Honorable Planning Commission 1/24/2023 Regular Meeting Page 7 • Housing Resources. Inventory of resources available to address the city's housing needs, including available land for housing, and the financial resources and administrative capacity to manage housing programs. • Housing Plan. The goals, policies, and programs to address the development, improvement, and conservation of housing and provision of fair housing opportunities to meet the needs of Moorpark. Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) One of the primary purposes of the Housing Element update is to demonstrate that the City can fully address its RHNA – which is the ability (but not obligation) to develop a specific number of units within a defined eight-year period (2021-2029). HCD works with the SCAG and all local jurisdictions to determine the number of housing units assigned to each jurisdiction. These units are also assigned to specific income ranges to promote affordability. These income levels are a percentage of the Ventura County Area Median Income (AMI) of $98,800. A summary of the 6th Cycle RHNA obligations are outlined in the following table: Table 2 – Moorpark 6th Cycle RHNA Allocation Household Income Category Housing Units Very Low Income (31%-50% AMI) 377 Low Income (51%-80% AMI) 233 Moderate Income (81%-120% AMI) 245 Above Moderate Income (>120% AMI) 434 Total 1,289 Source: Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), 2020. AMI = Ventura County Area Median Income $98.800 Again, the State does not require the 1,289 housing units allocated to Moorpark be built over the next planning period, but rather that the City demonstrate that there is available land and appropriate zoning and development standards in place to facilitate and encourage the development of these units. As shown in Table 3, the City relies on pipeline projects, many of which were used for the 2014-2021 (5th Cycle) Housing Element to meet the RHNA. While this strategy is permissible, revisions to state law make it more difficult to “reuse” unbuilt and pending projects without significant programmatic commitments. These commitments are negotiated through the HCD review process. 372 Honorable Planning Commission 1/24/2023 Regular Meeting Page 8 Table 3 – 2021-2029 RHNA Accommodation Summary RHNA and Credits Housing Affordability Levels by Income Lower* Moderate Above Mod Total RHNA 610 245 434 1,289 Credits + Approved Projects 259 11 616 886 + Pending Projects 410 250 1,033 1,693 + Accessory Dwellings 57 53 14 124 Subtotal 726 314 1,663 2,695 Summary RHNA Met RHNA Met RHNA Met RHNA Met Source: 2021-2029 Housing Element * Extremely low, very low, and low income is combined for presentation purposes HOUSING ELEMENT GOALS, POLICIES, AND PROGRAMS As mentioned earlier, the Housing Element is the City’s blueprint for expanding housing opportunities for all residents. The Housing Plan section contains a series of goals, policies, and implementation programs to address local housing needs. As the City looks forward through 2029, the Housing Plan is intended to reflect four major emphases: 1) State law requirements to address the maintenance, preservation, improvement, and development of housing for residents in a manner that affirmatively furthers fair housing for all income levels; 2) Local needs for a broader mix of affordable, accessible, and quality housing that serves the needs of all residents; 3) City Council’s strategic goal to identify options and solutions to barriers for housing for all economic and age ranges; and 4) Consistency with the General Plan vision, its various elements (land use, circulation, safety, etc.), and supporting goal and policy framework. The goals and policies proposed for the 2021-2029 Housing Element are listed below and correspond to the attached Draft Housing Element. Topic: Housing and Neighborhood Quality • GOAL HE-1: Provide neighborhoods of well-maintained homes, ample public services and facilities, open spaces and recreation, and infrastructure that provide quality places to reside. 373 Honorable Planning Commission 1/24/2023 Regular Meeting Page 9 • POLICY HE-1.1 Building Code Compliance. Ensure that all new housing construction adheres to applicable building, safety, health, and energy conservation requirements. • POLICY HE-1.2 Code Compliance. Monitor and enforce building and property maintenance code standards and enlist volunteer participation in maintaining housing and residential neighborhoods. • POLICY - -HE-1.3 Neighborhood Amenities. Provide public safety services, infrastructure maintenance, and other public services to maintain the quality of neighborhoods, and the environment. • POLICY HE-1.4 Housing Investment. Facilitate the repair, revitalization, and rehabilitation of residential structures to provide safe and healthful housing opportunities for all residents. • POLICY HE-1.5 Historic Preservation. Support the designation, preservation, and maintenance of historically and/or architecturally significant buildings. • POLICY HE-1.6 Neighborhood Revitalization. Prioritize funding to rehabilitate housing, provide services, and improve infrastructure in older neighborhoods that have experienced limited investment. Topic: Housing Assistance • GOAL HE-2: Facilitate expansion, improvement, and preservation of housing options and support the provision of housing assistance for lower, moderate income, and/or special needs households. • POLICY HE-2.1 Financial Assistance. Use public financial resources, to the extent feasible, to support provision of housing for lower income and special needs households. • POLICY HE-2.2 Rental/Ownership Assistance. Support county efforts to provide rental assistance and provide homeownership assistance to expand options for low-moderate income buyers. • POLICY HE-2.3 Preservation of Affordable Housing. Support the conservation and preservation of mobile home park, publicly subsidized housing, and other sources of affordable housing. • POLICY HE-2.4 Inclusionary Housing. Require 15% of newly constructed units in qualified ownership and rental housing developments to be affordable to lower-moderate income households. • POLICY HE-2.5 Collaborative Partnerships. Participate in and support collaborative partnerships that provide funding and assistance for the development, improvement, and preservation of housing. 374 Honorable Planning Commission 1/24/2023 Regular Meeting Page 10 • POLICY HE-2.6 Supportive Services. Provide assistance, where feasible, financial and administrative resources to community-based organizations serving Moorpark residents. Topic: Housing Opportunities • GOAL HE-3: Facilitate well-designed housing that is diverse in product type, occupancy, location, affordability, and tenure and that meets the existing and future needs of residents. • POLICY HE-3.1 Housing Sites. Identify adequate sites to be made available and zoned at the appropriate densities, to achieve housing goals set forth in the RHNA. • POLICY HE-3.2 Adequate Service levels. Ensure residential sites and developments have appropriate and adequate levels of public services, facilities, circulation, and other infrastructure and services. • POLICY HE-3.3 Housing Design. Encourage exemplary design in housing architecture, site layout, and landscaping consistent with the General Plan, design standards, and sustainability principles. • POLICY HE-3.4 Mixed Use Development. Promote and encourage mixed-use residential and commercial uses, where appropriate, to create more vibrant neighborhoods and activity centers. • POLICY HE-3.5 Expanded Housing Options. Support and facilitate a broader range of housing options for college students and faculty, farmworkers, disabled people, seniors, and homeless people. • POLICY HE-3.6 Missing Middle Income. Support the development of missing middle-income housing, including smaller courtyard housing, triplex/duplexes, cottage housing, and other small-lot developments. Topic: Housing Constraints • GOAL HE-4: Where appropriate, mitigate to the extent feasible, constraints to the production, maintenance, and improvement of housing. • POLICY HE-4.1 Municipal Ordinances. Periodically review City regulations, ordinances, and fees/exactions to ensure they do not unduly constrain the production, maintenance, and improvement of housing. • POLICY HE-4.2 Regulatory Concessions. Offer regulatory incentives and concessions for affordable housing, including relief from development standards and density bonuses where appropriate. • POLICY HE-4.3 Permit Processing. Provide for streamlined, timely, coordinated, and concurrent processing of residential projects to minimize holding cots and encourage the production of housing. 375 Honorable Planning Commission 1/24/2023 Regular Meeting Page 11 • POLICY HE-4.4 Infill/Mixed Use. Support infill residential and mixed use development at suitable locations and provide, where appropriate and feasible, incentives to facilitate their development. • POLICY HE-4.5 Administrative Exceptions. Offer administrative exceptions to standards, where feasible, that will be needed to facilitate and encourage the production of housing. • POLICY HE-4.6 Land Assemblage. Facilitate the acquisition, consolidation, and disposition of land in accordance with state law to support the development of affordable housing. Topic: Fair Housing • Goal HE-5: Further equity in the provision, type, and affordability of housing and the availability of services for all Moorpark residents. • POLICY HE-5.1 Fair Housing Services. Support fair housing services to residents, property owners, landlords, lenders, and others in the provision, financing, and occupancy of housing. • POLICY HE-5.2 Prohibit Discrimination. Work to end discrimination in either the sale, rental, financing, or occupancy of housingon the basis of state or federal protected classes. • POLICY HE-5.3 Equitable Access to Resources. Work to ensure that all neighborhoods have equitable access to public facilities, supporting infrastructure, and community services. • POLICY HE-5.4 Inclusive Public Participation. Provide an open and receptive forum for city residents, commissions, stakeholders, and City staff to discuss opportunities to improve fair housing. • POLICY HE-5.5 Municipal Practices. Administer municipal programs and activities relating to community development and housing in a manner that affirmatively furthers fair housing. • POLICY HE-5.6 Housing Stability, Health and Equity. Expand the availability of a diverse housing stock that is suitable for different lifestyle needs, is affordable, and in healthful condition. • POLICY HE-5.7 Place-Based Investment. Focus resources to improve and maintain the resources and opportunities available in older areas of Moorpark which require greater investment. Section 4.6.2. of the Housing Element identifies 30 detailed programs necessary to implement the City’s Goals and Policies related to housing. Each program is summarized in Table 4-37 of the Housing Element and identify the program number, responsible party and fund, eight-year objectives, and timeframe for completion. 376 Honorable Planning Commission 1/24/2023 Regular Meeting Page 12 ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINATION The Community Development Director has reviewed General Plan Amendment No. 2023- 01 and determined that it is exempt from environmental review pursuant to Section 15061(b)(3) of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) because adoption of the Housing Element is covered by the general rule that CEQA applies only to projects which have the potential for causing a significant effect on the environment. Where it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility that the activity in question may have a significant effect on the environment, the activity is not subject to CEQA. The 2021-2029 Housing Element makes minor changes to the current Housing Element, which constitutes a project under CEQA. None of these changes have the potential to adversely affect the physical environment, as they merely require adherence to requirements necessary to bring the Housing Element into conformance with state law. All other provisions of the 2021-2029 Housing Element would not result in changes to the physical environment, but rather reflect provisions contained within the current Housing Element. Therefore, adoption of the 2021-2029 Housing Element is exempt from environmental review under the “common sense” exemption stated in Section 15061(b)(3) of the CEQA Guidelines and staff has prepared a Notice of Exemption (Attachment 2) to be file upon approval by City Council. ATTACHMENTS 1. Draft Resolution, including: Exhibit A: 2021-2029 General Plan Housing Element (also available at: moorparkgeneralplan.com/housing-element) 2. Draft Notice of Exemption 377 RESOLUTION NO. PC-2023-690 A RESOLUTION OF THE PLANNING COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF MOORPARK, RECOMMENDING THAT THE CITY COUNCIL APPROVE GENERAL PLAN AMENDMENT NO. 2023-01 ADOPTING THE 2021-2029 HOUSING ELEMENT AND MAKE A DETERMINATION OF EXEMPTION PURSUANT TO THE CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT IN CONNECTION THEREWITH WHEREAS, pursuant to California Government Code Section 65588, each local government is required to periodically review and update its Housing Element of its General Plan. The current housing element cycle covers the planning period of 2021- 2029; and WHEREAS, in accordance with state law, the Southern California Association of Governments (“SCAG”) found that the City’s share of the region’s housing need for the 2021-2029 period was 1,289 units (“RHNA Allocation”); and WHEREAS, the City must identify sites that can accommodate its share of the RHNA Allocation in the 2021-2029 Housing Element; and WHEREAS, State law requires that the City take meaningful steps to promote and affirmatively further fair housing (Gov. Code Section 65583 (c)(5); and WHEREAS, State law requires that the City make zoning available for all types of housing, including multifamily housing (Gov. Code Sections 65583.2 and 65583 (c)); and WHEREAS, the City may amend its General Plan pursuant to Government Code Sections 65350 et seq. and Moorpark Municipal Code Section 17.44.050; and WHEREAS, the City has initiated General Plan Amendment No. 2023-01 to amend its General Plan to incorporate a Housing Element that would bring the City’s Housing Element into compliance with the requirements of state housing element law for the 2021- 2029 planning period and would reflect its goals for satisfying the requirements of the RHNA Allocation; and WHEREAS, the proposed 2021-2029 Housing Element will replace the existing 2014- 2021 Housing Element and serve as the City’s guiding policy document for meeting the City’s future housing needs at all economic levels; and ** WHEREAS, on September 2, 2021 and December 9, 2021, the General Plan Advisory Committee conducted public meetings, discussed provisions of the Housing Element and accepted comments from all interested members of the public regarding the Housing Element update; and 378PC ATTACHMENT 1 Resolution No. PC-2022-690 Page 2 WHEREAS, staff published and circulated a draft of the 2021-2029 Housing Element for public review and comment between December 22, 2021 and January 22, 2022; and WHEREAS, on January 13, 2022, the Planning Commission conducted a public meeting, discussed provisions of the Housing Element and accepted comments from all interested members of the public regarding the Housing Element update; and WHEREAS, on January 19, 2022, the City Council conducted a public meeting, discussed provisions of the Housing Element, and accepted comments from all interested members of the public regarding the Housing Element update, and authorized staff to forward the Draft Housing Element to the State of California Department of Housing and Community Development (“HCD”) for review; and WHEREAS, on February 8, 2022, the Draft 2021-2029 Housing Element was submitted to HCD for review pursuant to Government Code Section 65585(b); and WHEREAS, on May 9, 2022, HCD issued a letter reporting directing revisions to the Draft Housing Element pursuant to Government Code Section 65585(b); and WHEREAS, on July 5, 2022, staff submitted a revised draft to HCD for a second review pursuant to Government Code Section 65585(b); and WHEREAS, on September 2, 2022, HCD issued a letter recommending revisions to the Draft Housing Element pursuant to Government Code section 65585(b); and WHEREAS, on September 23, 2022, staff submitted an updated revised draft to HCD for a third review present to Government Code section 65585(b); and WHEREAS, on November 29, 2022, HCD issued a letter determining that the updated revised Draft Housing Element meets the statutory requirements and will comply with State Housing Element Law (Article 10.6 of the Gov. Code) when it is adopted, submitted to, and approved by HCD in accordance with Government Code Section 65585(g); and WHEREAS, at a duly noticed public hearing on January 24, 2023, the Planning Commission considered the adoption of General Plan Amendment No. 2023-01, an amendment to the General Plan to adopt the 2021-2029 Housing Element of the City of Moorpark and WHEREAS, the Community Development Director has reviewed General Plan Amendment No. 2023-01 and determined that it is exempt from environmental review pursuant to Section 15061(b)(3) of the California Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”) because adoption of the Housing Element is covered by the general rule that CEQA applies only to projects which have the potential for causing a significant effect on the 379 Resolution No. PC-2022-690 Page 3 environment. Where it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility that the activity in question may have a significant effect on the environment, the activity is not subject to CEQA. The 2021-2029 Housing Element makes minor changes to the current Housing Element, which constitutes a project under CEQA. None of these changes have the potential to adversely affect the physical environment, as they merely require adherence to requirements necessary to bring the Housing Element into conformance with state law. All other provisions of the 2021-2029 Housing Element would not result in changes to the physical environment, but rather reflect provisions contained within the current Housing Element. Therefore, adoption of the 2021-2029 Housing Element is exempt from environmental review under the “common sense” exemption stated in Section 15061(b)(3) of the CEQA Guidelines. NOW, THEREFORE, THE PLANNING COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF MOORPARK, DOES HEREBY RESOLVE AS FOLLOWS: SECTION 1. ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINATION: The Planning Commission, based on its own independent analysis and judgment concurs with the Community Development Director’s determination that General Plan Amendment No. 2023-01 is exempt from the requirements of CEQA pursuant to Section 15061(b)(3) because it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility that the activity in question may have a significant effect on the environment, the activity is not subject to CEQA. The 2021-2029 Housing Element makes minor changes to the current Housing Element, which constitutes a project under CEQA. None of these changes have the potential to adversely affect the physical environment, as they merely require adherence to requirements necessary to bring the Housing Element into conformance with state law. All other provisions of the 2021-2029 Housing Element would not result in changes to the physical environment, but rather reflect provisions contained within the current Housing Element. Therefore, adoption of the 2021-2029 Housing Element is exempt from environmental review under the “common sense” exemption stated in Section 15061(b)(3) of the CEQA Guidelines. SECTION 2. The Planning Commission hereby recommends to the City Council the approval of General Plan Amendment No. 2023-01 to adopt the 2021-2029 Housing Element and send to HCD for certification (attached as Exhibit A and incorporated herein by reference) based upon the following findings: A. The 2021-2029 Housing Element establishes goals, policies and objectives/programs that address the provision of adequate, safe, and decent housing for all economic segments of the community. B. The 2021-2029 Housing Element is consistent with the goals and policies of the General Plan and all its elements, including General Plan Land Use Element Policy 3 to “provide a variety of housing types and opportunities for all economic segments of the community” and Policy 4 to “promote upgrading and maintenance of existing housing”. Further, the 2021-2029 Housing Element 380 Resolution No. PC-2022-690 Page 4 ensures consistency between the City’s General Plan and State law, which is necessary to achieve state law requirements for equal access to housing and for the provision of additional and required housing units for the region. C. The proposed 2021-2029 Housing Element would not be detrimental to the public convenience, health, interest, safety or welfare of the city, as the proposed 2021-2029 Housing Element analyzes city demographics, access to fair housing, constraints to the development of housing and opportunity sites for the development of housing at all income levels. D. The proposed 2021-2029 Housing Element is in response to extensive public outreach and analysis of housing trends and issues and thereby addresses the public’s concerns and needs related to housing within the City. E. The proposed 2021-2029 Housing Element will facilitate the City’s ability to attract new grant funds to improve transportation, infrastructure, open space and housing projects because various federal, state and regional funding programs consider housing element compliance as an eligibility or ranking criteria in the award of those grants. In addition, the adoption of the 2021-2029 reduces the risks to the community from lawsuits over the status and adequacy of the City’s General Plan. F. As required by Government Code Section 65585 (e), the Planning Commission has considered the comments made by HCD in its comment letters, and concurs with staff that the draft Housing Element has been updated in response to the findings of HCD so that the Housing Element substantially complies with the requirements of State Housing Element Law as interpreted by HCD. SECTION 3. Filing of Resolution: The Community Development Director shall cause a certified resolution to be filed in the book of original resolutions. The action of the foregoing direction was approved by the following vote: AYES: NOES: ABSTAIN: ABSENT: PASSED, AND ADOPTED this 24th day of January 2023. 381 Resolution No. PC-2022-690 Page 5 Chair Carlene Saxton Community Development Director Attachments: EXHIBIT A: 2021-2029 Housing Element of the Moorpark General Plan 382 383 CITY OF MOORPARK Draft 2021-2029 Housing Element 384 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Draft | November 2022 i Acknowledgements CITY COUNCIL Janice Parvin, Mayor Dr. Antonio Castro, Mayor Pro Tem Chris Enegren, Councilmember Daniel Groff, Councilmember David Pollock, Councilmember PLANNING COMMISSION Leanne Alva Chris Barrett Jeff Brodsly Kipp Landis Bruce Rokos GENERAL PLAN ADVISORY COMMITTEE Mark Di Cecco, Chair Isabelle Becker John Billin Alejandro Castro Theresa Hagman-Lawson Terri Hilliard-Olson Ashley Humes Robert Jacobs Catherine Kniazewycz John Loprien Sharon Noel R Reddy Pakala Alondra Serna Julius Sokenu Mike Winters Matthew Eason CITY OF MOORPARK Troy Brown, City Manager Brian Chong, Assistant to the City Manager Carlene Saxton, Community Development Director Doug Spondello, AICP, Deputy Community Development Director Shanna Farley, Principal Planner PROJECT CONSULTANTS PlaceWorks Mark Hoffman, Housing Element Project Lead 385 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Draft | November 2022 ii This page intentionally left blank. 386 TABLE OF CONTENTS Draft | November 2022 iii Table of Contents Section Page HOUSING ELEMENT ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1 4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1 4.1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 4.1.2 Statutory Authority ......................................................................................................................................... 2 4.1.3 Related Planning Efforts ................................................................................................................................ 3 4.1.4 Public Engagement ......................................................................................................................................... 4 4.2 Community Profile ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 4.2.1 Population and Household Characteristics ............................................................................................ 5 4.2.2 Neighborhoods .............................................................................................................................................. 11 4.2.3 Housing Characteristics ............................................................................................................................... 15 4.2.4 Special Housing Needs ................................................................................................................................ 24 4.2.5 Affordable Housing Projects ..................................................................................................................... 32 4.3 Housing Constraints .................................................................................................................................................... 35 4.3.1 Nongovernmental Constraints ................................................................................................................. 35 4.3.2 Land Use and Housing Opportunities ................................................................................................... 44 4.3.3 Residential Development Standards ...................................................................................................... 55 4.3.4 Development Permit Procedures ............................................................................................................. 66 4.4 Fair Housing Assessment ........................................................................................................................................... 70 4.4.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 70 4.4.2 Fair Housing Assessment ............................................................................................................................ 72 4.4.3 Assessment of Opportunity ....................................................................................................................... 81 4.4.4 Contributing Factors .................................................................................................................................. 102 4.5 Housing Resources ................................................................................................................................................... 107 4.5.1 Regional Housing Needs Allocation .................................................................................................... 107 4.5.2 Housing Production ................................................................................................................................... 109 4.5.3 Fair Housing Implications for Sites ...................................................................................................... 118 4.5.4 Summary of Projects and Credits Toward the RHNA ................................................................... 121 4.5.5 Financial and Administrative Resources ............................................................................................. 122 387 TABLE OF CONTENTS Draft | November 2022 iv 4.6 Housing Program Evaluation ................................................................................................................................ 126 4.6.1 Quantified Objectives................................................................................................................................ 126 4.6.2 Progress in Implementing Housing Element Programs ............................................................... 128 4.6.3 Housing Element Outreach ..................................................................................................................... 133 4.7 Housing Plan ............................................................................................................................................................... 136 4.6.1 Housing Goals and Policies .................................................................................................................... 137 4.6.2 Housing Programs...................................................................................................................................... 142 Appendices A. Community Development Organizational Audit and Recommendations Figures Figure Page Figure 4-1 Moorpark Neighborhood Areas .............................................................................................................. 13 Figure 4-2 Housing Type in Moorpark ........................................................................................................................ 16 Figure 4-3 Housing Prices in Moorpark, 2012-20 ................................................................................................... 19 Figure 4-4 Moorpark Apartment Rents, 2015-19 .................................................................................................... 20 Figure 4-5 Moorpark Affordable Housing ................................................................................................................. 32 Figure 4-6 Locations Where Emergency Shelters Are Permitted ...................................................................... 49 Figure 4-7 Moorpark, Predominant Race-Ethnic Groups ..................................................................................... 90 Figure 4-8 Moorpark, Median Household Income by Census Block Group ................................................. 91 Figure 4-9 Moorpark, Prevalence of Children in Married Family Couples ..................................................... 92 Figure 4-10 Moorpark, Prevalence of People with a Disability ............................................................................. 93 Figure 4-11 Moorpark, Prevalence of Overcrowding ............................................................................................... 94 Figure 4-12 Moorpark, Prevalence of Renter Overpayment .................................................................................. 95 Figure 4-13 Moorpark, Prevalence of Homeowner Overpayment ...................................................................... 96 Figure 4-14 Moorpark, Opportunity Resources, Composite ................................................................................. 97 Figure 4-15 Moorpark, Educational Resources ........................................................................................................... 98 Figure 4-16 Moorpark, Economic Resources ............................................................................................................... 99 Figure 4-17 Moorpark, Environmental Conditions .................................................................................................. 100 Figure 4-18 Approved or Pending Developments in Moorpark ........................................................................ 117 388 TABLE OF CONTENTS Draft | November 2022 v Tables Table Page Table 4-1 Population Estimates, 2000-2030 ............................................................................................................... 5 Table 4-2 Population Characteristics in Moorpark................................................................................................... 6 Table 4-3 Household Characteristics in Moorpark, 2010-2018 ........................................................................... 7 Table 4-4 Employment Characteristics in Moorpark, 2018 ................................................................................... 8 Table 4-5 Household Income Characteristics ............................................................................................................ 9 Table 4-6 Household Tenure and Vacancy, 2010-2018 ...................................................................................... 10 Table 4-7 Housing Estimates, 2000-2030 ................................................................................................................. 15 Table 4-8 Housing Built by Decade ............................................................................................................................ 17 Table 4-9 Housing Sales Prices in Moorpark .......................................................................................................... 19 Table 4-10 Housing Rents in Moorpark ...................................................................................................................... 20 Table 4-11 Affordability of Housing .............................................................................................................................. 21 Table 4-12 Housing Overpayment and Overcrowding .......................................................................................... 23 Table 4-13 Special Housing Needs Groups in Moorpark ..................................................................................... 24 Table 4-14 Housing Problems of Lower Income Households ............................................................................. 31 Table 4-15 Publicly Assisted Affordable Housing .................................................................................................... 33 Table 4-16 List of Qualified Entities in Ventura County ......................................................................................... 34 Table 4-17 Street Infrastructure Requirements......................................................................................................... 39 Table 4-18 Residential Planning and Building Fees ................................................................................................ 40 Table 4-19 Residential Development Fee Burden in Moorpark ......................................................................... 41 Table 4-20 AB1483 Required Documents and Website Access .......................................................................... 43 Table 4-21 Existing General Plan Residential Land Use Categories .................................................................. 44 Table 4-22 Residential Land Uses by Zone ................................................................................................................. 45 Table 4-23 Residential Development Standards ...................................................................................................... 55 Table 4-24 Residential Parking Requirements .......................................................................................................... 56 Table 4-25 Suitability of RPD-20 Zone for Affordable Housing ......................................................................... 60 Table 4-26 Development Time Frames ........................................................................................................................ 68 Table 4-27 Predominant Population by Neighborhood ....................................................................................... 72 Table 4-28 Fair Housing Issues, Contributing Factors, and Meaningful Actions ....................................... 104 Table 4-29 Moorpark’s Regional Housing Needs Allocation, 2021-2029..................................................... 107 Table 4-30 Infrastructure Adequacy for 2021-2029 RHNA Projects ............................................................... 115 389 TABLE OF CONTENTS Draft | November 2022 vi Table 4-31 Status of Projects Proposed for 2021-2029 RHNA Credit ............................................................ 116 Table 4-32 Impact of New Projects on Housing Affordability by Neighborhood ..................................... 118 Table 4-33 Approved and Planned Residential Projects in Moorpark ........................................................... 121 Table 4-34 2014-2021 Housing Element Objectives and Accomplishments ............................................... 126 Table 4-35 Moorpark’s 2014-2021 Housing Element Progress ........................................................................ 128 Table 4-36 Highlights of Selected Program Changes Based on Outreach ................................................... 135 Table 4-37 Program Summary, 2021-2029 Planning Period ............................................................................. 158 390 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 1 HOUSING ELEMENT 4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 Background The City of Moorpark encompasses 12 square miles and is one of 10 incorporated cities of Ventura County. It is bounded by Simi Valley to the east, the Tierra Rejada Valley and Thousand Oaks to the south, and unincorporated lands to the west and north. Lands west of the City are largely agricultural and protected from development by the Save Open Space and Agricultural Resources (SOAR) initiatives designed to preserve open space and limit urban sprawl. The City is connected to the broader region by State Route (SR-) 118 and SR-23 to the south and SR-118 to the west. Incorporated on July 1, 1983, Moorpark’s most dramatic period of growth occurred in its early years. This period saw a substantial shift in the Moorpark’s center of activity, with large-scale development in many areas that had been used for agriculture. High Street and the surrounding area remained the social and retail center of Moorpark through the 1980s until commercial activity began to shift to the south, and suburban-style, multitenant retail centers grew along Los Angeles Avenue. Significant growth in home construction accelerated as the development of subdivisions such as Mountain Meadows and Peach Hill expanded the City’s built footprint from the flatlands into the surrounding hillsides. Looking forward, the City has set a course that is intended to yield community-wide benefits. Completion of specific plans will provide for a mix of housing suitable for different ages and income levels. These will not only include traditional single-family homes—condominiums, townhomes, and apartments will also enhance opportunities for residents of all incomes and ages to live in Moorpark. Mixed-use products will also be strategically introduced, lending to a more vibrant downtown, attracting commercial opportunities in activity centers, and supporting the unique blend of historic and modern themes. And special needs housing will be a priority for meeting unmet community needs. Moorpark’s 2021-2029 Housing Element is the City’s comprehensive plan for addressing its current and future housing needs. The Housing Element goals and policies reflect a commitment to: maintaining the quality and character of the community; sustaining commercial and industrial business sector; complementing the historic flavor of downtown; reflecting the City’s General Plan vision; identifying options and solutions to barriers for housing for all; providing housing for future generations of Moorpark residents; and furthering equal and fair housing opportunities for all residents. 391 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 2 4.1.2 Statutory Authority California law requires that all local governments develop a Housing Element and housing programs to meet their "fair share" of existing and future housing needs for all income groups. Therefore, the City of Moorpark, along with all local governments in California, must prepare a Housing Element to meet its local housing needs. The Housing Element must contain goals, policies, and programs to facilitate the development, improvement, and preservation of housing commensurate with the housing need established by the City, regional government, and the State of California. This Housing Element covers the planning period of 2021 to 2029. Requirements for the content of the Housing Element are found in Article 10.6 of Chapter 3 of Planning and Zoning Law, commencing with Government Code Section 65580 et seq. The Housing Element is the most complex chapter in the General Plan and the only element that must be completely updated on a fixed schedule and receive a letter of compliance from the State of California. State law prescribes the scope of the Housing Element and various requirements in accordance with Section 65583 of the Government Code. The 2021-2029 Moorpark Housing Element contains the following sections:  Introduction. Includes an overview, the statutory authority and requirements, related planning efforts, overview of the outreach process that informed the development of the Housing Element, and process for maintaining consistency with other parts of the General Plan.  Needs Assessment. Analysis of demographic, social, and housing characteristics; special housing needs; and current and future housing needs due to population growth, demographic change, and other factors affecting housing need, including focus on fair housing.  Constraints Analysis. Analysis of governmental and nongovernmental constraints that affect the development, maintenance, and improvement of housing for all income groups and people with disabilities. This chapter includes an assessment of fair housing required under AB 686.  Housing Resources. Inventory of resources available to address the City's housing needs, including available land for housing, and the financial resources and administrative capacity to manage housing programs. This includes a focus on fair housing.  Housing Plan. The goals, policies, and programs to address the development, improvement, and conservation of housing and provision of fair housing opportunities to meet the needs of residents. Also includes an evaluation of accomplishments of the prior element. The 2021-2029 Housing Element update replaces the City's previously adopted 2014-2021 Housing Element and its associated implementation plan. 392 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 3 4.1.3 Related Planning Efforts Moorpark’s 2021-2029 Housing Element is directly related to local-, regional-, and state-mandated planning efforts. The following text describes the relationship of the Housing Element with these planning efforts and how the City maintains consistency with each effort. General Plan In 2020, the City of Moorpark began a comprehensive update of its General Plan, including its Housing Element. The 2021-2029 Housing Element is updated in concert with other elements of the General Plan to ensure consistency. Changes in the land use element will plan for the appropriate amount of land and land use designations necessary for the City to meet its local housing needs, and the Housing Element’s goals, policies, and programs will reflect these changes. As required by California law, the safety element has been updated in concert with the Housing Element, and the safety element has provided critical information about the location of natural and human caused hazards that informed the Housing Element. As required by state law, the Housing Element will periodically be updated over the 2021-2029 planning period to maintain consistency with the Moorpark General Plan as amendments are proposed. Regional Housing Needs Assessment As the metropolitan planning organization for Ventura County jurisdictions, including Moorpark, the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) has the responsibility for allocating the regional fair share of housing needs, assigned by the State of California, to the jurisdictions under its planning authority. The allocation of housing needs is based on statewide and local projections of population, employment, and household trends. California requires local governments to ensure that adequate sites, public facilities, infrastructure, and services are available to facilitate housing production in accordance with their assigned share of the Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA). The RHNA for the 2021 to 2029 planning period is 1,289 new housing units divided into affordability levels. The Housing Element contains goals, policies, and programs to address the City’s share of the region’s housing need. Other Related Planning Efforts During the 2021-2029 planning period for the Housing Element, the City of Moorpark continues to implement adopted plans and will conduct initiatives that implement the Housing Element. Three adopted specific plans provide sites to accommodate the housing goals set forth in the 2021-2029 RHNA. These plans are the Carlsberg Specific Plan, Downtown Specific Plan, and Moorpark Highlands (Phase II). The Zoning Code, and a planned comprehensive update, will be initiated following adoption of the General Plan update to implement proposed revisions to development processes, zoning districts, and other associated items. The Housing Element is consistent with its adopted specific plans and zoning codes and will be amended, as necessary, to address the City’s RHNA or maintain consistency with related planning efforts, to the extent required by and in accordance with state law. 393 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 4 4.1.4 Public Engagement State law requires cities to make a "diligent effort" to achieve participation by all segments of a city in the Housing Element. As the Housing Element update is part of an overall update to the General Plan, Moorpark solicited input from the public throughout the Housing Element process—during development of the draft element, public review of the draft element, and the adoption process. The City’s public participation program included three major venues, described briefly below and in Chapter 4.6.3.  General Plan and Housing Element outreach. An extensive public engagement and participation program was implemented for the General Plan update and Housing Element. The comments received during these venues were incorporated into the housing needs assessment, constraints analysis, and the goals, policies, and programs of the Housing Element. Venues included: o Community Events. Multiple community workshops. o Community Surveys. Conducted General Plan and quality of life surveys. o General Plan Advisory Committee (GPAC). More than one dozen meetings. O Special Needs Consultations. More than a dozen interviews with stakeholders.  Housing Element Posting and Hearing. The City maintained a General Plan update website, moorparkgeneralplan.com, that provided notifications and results of opportunities for public engagement, surveys, and documents, including the draft 2021-2029 Housing Element. The draft Housing Element was posted on December 22, 2021 and was available online for 30 days before public hearing. Comments received during the public review and comment period were included in the public record and brought forward to the Planning Commission for consideration on January 13, 2022 and to the City Council on January 19, 2022. Subsequent draft revisions were also posted for review.  State of California Review. Once approved by the City’s reviewing authorities, the draft 2021-2029 Housing Element was transmitted to the California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD), which is required to thoroughly review the draft for compliance with statutes and HCD regulations. HCD’s letter(s) on the City’s Housing Element are available online at: https://www.hcd.ca.gov/community-development/housing-element/index.shtml. “HCD” provided two letters requesting revisions, the first dated May 9, 2022 and the second dated September 2, 2022, to the City. The City made revisions to address comments received in each transmittal and circulated the document for the required public review prior to resubmitttal to HCD.  Public Hearings. Upon completion of revisions to the 2021-2029 Moorpark Housing Element and preparation of environmental clearance pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), the City will hold public hearings before the Planning Commission and the City Council, for public comment. The Housing Element will be posted prior to the public hearings and made available to any party requesting a copy. The Planning Commission will review the draft on January 24, 2023, and the City Council will consider adoption the Housing Element on February 15, 2023. The final Housing Element can be found online at: www.moorparkca.gov/HousingElement. 394 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 5 4.2 Community Profile This chapter discusses Moorpark’s demographic, economic, housing, and special needs characteristics and trends in order to identify existing and future housing needs. This community profile provides a foundation for responsive goals, policies, and programs in the element. 4.2.1 Population and Household Characteristics Population Growth Moorpark is the sixth most populous community in Ventura County, with a population of 36,284 as of 2020, according to the Department of Finance. Moorpark experienced significant growth during its first decade following incorporation, increasing by more than 500% as large specific plan developments replaced former agricultural lands; the City was one of the fastest growing cities in the nation. Following the initial rise in development typical for most newly incorporated communities, Moorpark’s population growth slowed in later decades. Communities in the eastern Ventura County region have seen residential development in recent decades, resulting in corresponding population growth. Shown in Table 4-1, surrounding communities saw substantial increases in population growth from 2000 to 2020. Compared to its neighbors, the City of Camarillo has grown the fastest (24%), followed by Moorpark (15%) Simi Valley (13%), Thousand Oaks (9%), and Santa Paula (7%). Table 4-1 Population Estimates, 2000-2030 Population Estimates % Change Jurisdiction 2000 2010 2020 2030 2000-2020 2020-2030 Moorpark 31,415 34,421 36,284 40,259 15% 11% Simi Valley 111,351 124,237 126,356 134,390 13% 6% Thousand Oaks 117,005 126,683 126,966 133,880 9% 5% Camarillo 57,077 65,201 70,741 74,239 24% 5% Santa Paula 28,598 29,321 30,657 32,849 7% 7% Sources: Department of Finance, City/County Population and Housing Estimates. Note: Projected population is based on extrapolation of average household size in 2020 applied to the 2021-2029 RHNA. Looking forward, the City of Moorpark expects continued residential development on remaining vacant lots, underperforming nonresidential areas, and in specific plans (such as Moorpark Highlands, Hitch Ranch, and others). As the General Plan update designates future areas for residential growth, the City will see gradual increase in population from 2020–2030, and is projecting an 11% growth rate. 395 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 6 Population Characteristics Moorpark’s population characteristics influence housing need. Different age groups have different needs based on lifestyles, family types, income, and housing preference. Typically, younger households seek affordable rental housing as they begin a career and build wealth. As adults spend more time in the workforce and form families, they may seek opportunities to build equity through ownership. Seniors may eventually trade down large homes that once accommodated children to smaller, more affordable homes. Over the 2000s, Ventura County cities have aged as a whole, and Moorpark is no exception. In Moorpark, the median age stands at 38 years, an increase from the median age of 35 recorded in 2010. The largest single age group, as of 2018, is the 45 to 64 years age group, comprising 29% of residents (Table 4-2). Seniors ages 65 years and older have been the fastest growing age group, increasing 78%. Children and youth declined 12%, a decline that has been going on for some time. Moorpark has seen more-modest race and ethnic changes in its population since 2010. The largest group, at 54% of the City’s population, reported white as their race. Hispanic, the second largest group, comprised 32% of the population. Over the past eight years, all race and ethnic groups in Moorpark, apart from whites, increased in number. As a result, the white share of the population decreased while all other groups increased their shares of the City’s population from 2010 to 2018. Table 4-2 Population Characteristics in Moorpark 20101 20182 Population Characteristics Number of Residents Percent of Total Number of Residents Percent of Total Percent Change Age Characteristics 0-17 years (dependent) 9,459 27% 8,362 23% -12% 18-24 years (youth-in-transition) 3,631 11% 3,767 10% 4% 25-44 years (family forming years) 8,825 26% 9,145 25% 4% 45-64 years (move up housing) 10,051 29% 10,632 29% 6% 65+ years (retirement years) 2,455 7% 4,368 12% 78% Total 34,421 100% 36,274 100% 5% Race and Ethnicity White 19,654 57% 19,650 54% 0% Hispanic 10,813 31% 11,541 32% 7% Asian 2,309 7% 2,849 8% 23% Black 486 1% 574 2% 18% All Others 1159 3% 1,660 5% 43% Sources: 1. U.S. Census, 2010. 2. American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, 2014-2018. 396 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 7 Household Characteristics Household makeup also influences housing need. For instance, single-person households often occupy smaller apartments or condominiums, such as one-bedroom units. Couples often prefer larger single- family homes, particularly if they have children. As the baby boomer generation continues to age, there has been an increased demand from empty nesters and retirees to downsize to more affordable units that are easier to maintain. These patterns underscore the need for housing opportunities for people of all ages and income levels. Table 4-3 shows the changes in household characteristics in Moorpark. Although Moorpark is smaller than neighboring cities, it has seen significant changes in the composition of households. In 2018, married family households with children made up 30% of Moorpark’s households, a 7% decline from 2010, and the married households without children made up 40% of households, a 36% increase from 2010. Moorpark’s average household size in 2018 was 3.2, a slight decrease from 2010 when the average household size was 3.3. Moorpark’s slight reduction in average household size is largely the result of the increase in senior households, the decline in the number of families with children, and the significant increase in single- person households. Looking forward, Moorpark can expect a continued, gradual decline in the average household size due to demographic trends in Ventura County and Moorpark. The 2020 Census should provide greater insight into continued changes in household characteristics. Table 4-3 Household Characteristics in Moorpark, 2010-2018 20101 20182 Households Number of Households Percent Number of Households Percent Percent Change Household Type Total Households 10,484 100% 11,282 100% 8% Family Households 8,586 82% 9,260 82% 8% Married with Children 3,656 35% 3,409 30% -7% Married No Children 3,310 32% 4,493 40% 36% All Other Families 1,620 15% 1,358 12% -16% Nonfamily Households 1,898 18% 2,022 18% 7% Household Size 1-person households 1,337 13% 1,605 14% 20% 2-4 person households 7,183 69% 8,027 71% 12% 5+ person households 1,964 19% 1,650 15% -16% Average household size 3.28 — 3.22 — -- Sources: 1. U.S. Census, 2010. 2. American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, 2014-2018. 397 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 8 Economic Characteristics Moorpark’s job sector offers approximately 13,128 jobs, and 17,847 residents are employed (ratio of 0.74). Due to the characteristics of the local employment sector (e.g., size, industries, and wages offered), most residents commute to jobs in other communities. Fortunately, Moorpark’s transit line makes distance commuting possible to cities throughout the greater Los Angeles and Ventura County regions. Moorpark residents are highly employed; the City’s 3.8% unemployment rate in 2021 is significantly lower than the 5.3% unemployment rate countywide and is the second lowest after Fillmore. Moorpark’s occupational profile includes a broad range of jobs and income levels, shown in Table 4-4. For Moorpark residents, the primary occupational group—management, business, science, and arts occupations—makes up 47% of all jobs. Full-time employees earn a median income of $90,823 annually. The next largest category of occupations held by Moorpark residents is sales/office occupations, which comprise 24% of all jobs. These moderate-income jobs have earnings from $36,216 to $52,784 annually, depending on full-time status. Generally, almost half of all employed residents are in services, production, and sales sectors, which offer lower wages. Services comprise 14% of all occupations held by residents, and these occupations pay between $23,571 (all jobs) and $31,620 for full-time work. Services comprise a broad range of jobs and often pay lower incomes than other occupations. The last two categories—production/ transportation/material-moving occupations and natural resources/construction/maintenance—together total about 14% of all jobs and have median earnings ranging from $25,979 and $50,302. Table 4-4 Employment Characteristics in Moorpark, 2018 Jobs Held by Residents Occupational Characteristics1 Number Percent Median Incomes All Occupations Held by Residents (within and outside of Moorpark) 19,209 100% All Jobs: $49,988 Full-time Jobs: $66,560 Management, business, science, and arts occupations 9,121 47% All Jobs: $77,381 Full-time Jobs: $90,823 Service occupations 2,758 14% All Jobs: $23,571 Full-time Jobs: $31,620 Sales and office occupations 4,609 24% All Jobs: $36,216 Full-time Jobs: $52,784 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations 1,094 6% All Jobs: $44,435 Full-time Jobs: $50,302 Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 1,627 8% All Jobs: $25,979 Full-time Jobs: $38,209 Sources: 1. American Community Survey, 2014-2018. 2. LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics, 2017. 398 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 9 Household Income Household income is a fundamental factor affecting one’s ability to afford housing in Moorpark, which is generally more expensive than surrounding communities. Moorpark is an affluent city in Ventura County as well as the state of California. Moorpark’s median household income is approximately $104,500—the second highest for any Ventura County city after Thousand Oaks. Moorpark also ranks in the top 5% of all communities in California with respect to median household income. Moorpark’s household income profile is summarized in Table 4-5 and described below. Moorpark’s household income varies by tenure; the median income of owner-occupied households is about $122,400—almost twice that of renter households ($63,800). Approximately 64% of owner- occupied households earn more than $100,000 in annual income compared to only 24% of renters. Conversely, 12% of homeowners earn below $50,000 in income compared to 34% of renters. Moorpark’s household income differences by tenure, coupled with housing prices and asking rents, have implications for housing overpayment, overcrowding, and other housing problems. The State of California groups income categories relative to the area (or county) median income (AMI) These groups include very low-incomes (0 to 50% of AMI), low-income (50 to 80% of AMI), moderate- income (81 to 120% of AMI), and above moderate-income (120%+ of AMI). Among homeowners, the majority of households earn moderate or above moderate-incomes. Among renters, the distribution of income among households is more uniform. The high percentage of very low-income renters is due to the number of renters who are seniors and families residing in affordable housing. Table 4-5 Household Income Characteristics Household Income1 Tenure Total Households (Percent) Owners Renter Total Households by Income 8,580 2,702 11,282 100% Less than $24,999 3% 11% 663 6% $25,000 to 34,999 3% 8% 499 4% $35,000 to 49,999 6% 15% 915 8% $50,000 to 74,999 10% 22% 1,488 13% $75,000 to 99,000 14% 16% 1,594 14% $100,000 to 149,999 22% 14% 2,283 20% $150,000 and more 42% 10% 3,840 34% State Income Levels2 Very Low (< $56,450) 8% 32% 13% – Low ($56,451-$90,350) 11% 19% 13% – Moderate ($90,350-$117,350) 20% 24% 21% – Above Moderate (Above $117,350) 62% 24% 53% – Sources: 1. American Community Survey, 2014-2018. C h i i ff d bili S 201 2018 399 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 10 Household Tenure An optimal mix of homeownership and rental opportunities is important for communities because it allows residents of all ages, incomes, and household sizes to choose the type of housing and location best suited to their needs. Vacancy rates, in combination with housing tenure, are also important because they affect the prices and rents for housing available in Moorpark. Household tenure is usually determined by the types of housing built in a community coupled with household income levels. Moorpark has a high rate of homeownership; 76% of homes are owner occupied versus 24% renter occupied. This is the highest rate of owner occupancy in Ventura County, followed by Simi Valley and Thousand Oaks. The median owner occupancy rate for all cities in Ventura County is an estimated 59%, much lower than Moorpark’s rate, whereas the median renter occupancy rate for all cities in Ventura County is an estimated 41%, much higher than Moorpark’s rate. This is due in part to the prevalence of single-family homes and the higher incomes of residents than in surrounding cities. Housing vacancies are a measure of how well the supply of housing matches the demand for housing. Typically, housing vacancy rates of 5 to 6% for apartments and 1 to 2% for homes are considered optimal. This amount of housing vacancy ensures that consumers have sufficient choices for different types of housing products, that prices are generally moderate, and that developers have a financial incentive to build housing. While higher vacancy rates lead to price depreciation, lower vacancy rates indicate a tight market and cause housing rents and prices to increase. Table 4-6 shows the trend in housing occupancy and vacancy rates by household tenure in Moorpark. In 2018, the housing vacancy rate was 0.9% among owner-occupied housing units and 3.8% among renter- occupied housing units. Anecdotal information indicates that vacancy rates have declined further over the past few years, contributing to increasing housing rents and sales prices. Table 4-6 Household Tenure and Vacancy, 2010-2018 2010 Composition1 2018 Composition2 Change 2010 to 2018 Housing Tenure # of Units % of Units # of Units % of Units # % Total Housing Units 10,738 100% 11,796 100% 1,058 10% Occupied Housing Units 10,484 98% 11,282 96% 798 8% Owner Occupied 8,182 76% 8,580 73% 398 5% Renter Occupied 2,302 21% 2,702 23% 400 17% Vacant Housing Units 254 2% 514 4% 260 102% Rental Vacancy Rate 2.9 3.8 — Homeowner Vacancy Rate 1.0 0.9 — Sources: 1. U.S. Census 2010. 2. American Community Survey, 2014-2018. 400 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 11 4.2.2 Neighborhoods Moorpark has a variety of neighborhoods defined by topography (e.g., hillsides, canyons, and washes), built infrastructure (e.g., major streets, highways, and railroads), and historical patterns of development. Understanding these neighborhoods helps in prioritizing policies and programs to meet the unique needs of each. Figure 4-1 on the following page illustrates the general location of residential neighborhoods. Los Angeles Avenue Corridor/Downtown The Los Angeles Avenue Corridor/Downtown occupies the center of Moorpark. It is generally bounded by the Arroyo Simi to south, Poindexter and Charles Avenue to the north, and city limits to the west/east. The northern most neighborhoods includes the High Street Corridor. High Street is the earliest developed core where residents purchased goods, worked, dined, and enjoyed entertainment and culture. It includes the adjacent Charles Street neighborhood, which consists of small-lot single-family homes and small apartments. The southern subdistrict consists of a mix of multiple-family and single-family housing, with big-box multitenant commercial centers along both sides of Los Angeles Avenue. This area includes all eight apartment properties in the City along with condominium complexes. Championship, Gabbert, and Hitch Ranch This area covers three subdisticts in northwest Moorpark–Championship, Gabbert, and Hitch Ranch. The Championship subdistrict is a highly amenitized community of multi-million dollar hilltop homes, expansive golf course, and high level amenities. Moving south down from the Championship is the Gabbert subdistrict, which offers larger ranch lots, equestrian uses, and semi-rural natural environment. The Hitch Ranch subdistrict extends south of Gabbert to the outer edges of Downtown. Most of the residential projects approved or pending development are located within this subdistrict. Hitch Ranch will include a highly diversified mix of single-family and attached multiple-family housing. Mountain Meadows The Mountain Meadows neighborhood takes its name from a 2,500-unit development that was approved by the county in the 1980s. It is bordered by Arroyo Simi on the north and by the utility lines’ public right- of-way on the east, then Tierra Rejada Road to the north, and the City boundaries to the south and west. Mountain Meadows consists of master-planned, single-family-detached residential neighborhoods, which have been built in phases and include a number of smaller phases with homeowner associations. This neighborhood is distinguished by curvilinear streets, parks and open spaces, and local schools. Single-family homes sell for an average of $850,000 or more; attached condos/townhomes sell for above $500,000. In the westernmost area near the City’s edge, housing prices exceed an average of $1 million. Carlsberg Specific Plan / Peach Hill The Carlsberg Specific Plan and Peach Hill neighborhoods are bounded by Arroyo Simi and New Los Angeles Avenue to the north, Ronald Reagan Freeway to the east, and Tierra Rejada Road to the south. The Peach Hill neighborhood lies to the west, the Carlsberg neighborhood is on the east. These 401 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 12 neighborhoods largely consist of master-planned, single-family-detached residential neighborhoods. with some of the newer neighborhoods having controlled gated access. To the east of the public utility right-of-way, the Carlsberg Specific Plan includes a mix of single-family-detached homes, commercial centers, schools, and parks. Homes have multiple amenities and sell for an average price of $1 million. To the west, Peach Hill is a master-planned area of residences, parks, schools, and other uses. Housing is more moderately priced, averaging approximately $750,000 over the past several years. Moorpark Highlands This general area is bounded by Amtrak/Metrolink railroad lines and Poindexter Lane to the south, and includes neighborhoods on Spring Road to the east, and the City limits to the north and west. This area is characterized by intensely sloped hills and limited development but does include single-family- detached residential neighborhoods. The area has two primary neighborhoods. Moorpark Highlands encompasses the residential neighborhoods, parks, and schools along Spring Road that are within the Moorpark Highlands Specific Plan. Prices average around $900,000. The Walnut Canyon neighborhood runs along Walnut Canyon Road to the City limits to the north and west. This area captures neighborhoods accessed by Walnut Canyon Road that are along Championship Drive and Grimes Canyon Road. This neighborhood surrounds the Moorpark Country Club, and homes sell for an average price of $1.6 million. College Neighborhood This neighborhood surrounds Moorpark College and is bounded by State Route 118 to the south, neighborhoods along College Heights Drive to the west, and the City boundaries to the north and east. Census tracts in this area overlap several developments to the south, such as Villa del Arroyo and Virginia Colony, but the latter areas are separated by the SR-118 and topography from the College neighborhood. In the College neighborhood, residential uses feature a mix of single-family homes, but offers more variety, including older small-lot neighborhoods, multifamily condominium / townhome complexes, and newer traditional single-family subdivisions. Moorpark College occupies the northeast edge of the City. Its location, topography, and freeways largely isolate it from the rest of Moorpark and its neighborhoods. Housing prices average $675,000 for single-family homes, and $450,000 for condos and townhomes. Virginia Colony Virginia Colony is south and east of the SR-118/23 curve and Arroyo Simi to the south and east. In many respects, Virginia Colony is physically isolated from the remainder of Moorpark, cut off by the freeway and only accessed by Princeton Avenue. Virginia Colony is one of the City’s earliest developments, with 50 single-family homes and a neighborhood park. The neighborhood has a largely Hispanic population and its physical development dates back to the City’s agricultural days prior to incorporation. Approximately two-thirds of the area north of the Colony is developed with two large industrial parks with large-footprint, concrete, tilt-up buildings; surface parking lots; and extensive landscaping. The Colony also contains the Villa Del Arroyo Mobile Home Estates, located just south of the SR-118. 402 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | September 2022 13 Figure 4-1 Moorpark Neighborhood Areas 403.t.0:0 A .. ,12n6m21 So;u:,;,:Moo,rpall.2(12(] CcityBoundary f..:: J ~anning Areas HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | September 2022 14 This page intentionally left blank. 404 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 15 4.2.3 Housing Characteristics This section describes housing characteristics to provide a basis for assessing the match between the demand and supply of available housing. These include housing growth trends, housing characteristics, age and condition, housing prices and rents, homeownership, and affordable housing. Housing Growth Moorpark’s housing stock increased considerably between 2000 and 2020, by about 29%. Of the approximately 2,600-unit increase in housing built during the past twenty years, 20% was due to the development of the Waterstone, Vintage Crest, Charles Street, and Walnut Avenue Apartments. This increase was significantly higher than most cities in the county. In the four surrounding cities, Camarillo’s housing stock increased the most after Moorpark in the percentage of units built (27%), followed by Simi Valley, Thousand Oaks, and Santa Paula. Looking forward, the City of Moorpark expects continued residential development. According to its 2021- 2029 RHNA, the City of Moorpark is expected to increase its housing stock the greatest percentage, at 11% by 2030. Based on the 2021-2029 RHNA goals, the cities of Santa Paula and Simi Valley are expected to increase the next fastest, at 7% and 6%, respectively. Thousand Oaks and Camarillo are expected to increase 5% in the number of units by 2030, although their 2021-2029 RHNA is larger than the other neighboring cities. Table 4-7 shows the historical growth of housing and projected growth based on the 2021-2029 RHNA. Table 4-7 Housing Estimates, 2000-2030 Housing Estimates Percent Change Jurisdiction 2000 2010 2020 2030* 2000-2020 2020-2029 Moorpark 9,094 10,738 11,756 13,044 29% 11% Simi Valley 37,272 42,506 43,927 46,720 18% 6% Thousand Oaks 42,958 47,497 48,131 50,752 12% 5% Camarillo 21,946 25,702 27,828 29,204 27% 5% Santa Paula 8,341 8,749 9,187 9,844 10% 7% Sources: Department of Finance, City/County Population and Housing Estimates, 2021-2029 RHNA *Year 2030 is referenced since it is based on housing projections from January 2021- October 2029. Charles Street Affordable Housing 405 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 16 Housing Composition Single-Family Residential Moorpark consists primarily of single-family homes, which account for 73% of the housing stock. Moorpark is tied with Fillmore for the highest share of single- family detached housing of cities in Ventura County— and well above the countywide average (61%). This is largely the result of how Moorpark was developed with single-family residential subdivisions throughout much of Moorpark’s history, including a period of rapid suburbanization following its incorporation. Attached and Multiple-Family, 2-4 Units As shown in Figure 4-2, only 2% of the City’s housing stock is duplexes, triplexes, and quadplexes. Condominiums comprise and additional 7% and townhomes another 6%. Moorpark has five townhome and six condominium developments, which total about 1,500 units. These products are more moderately priced and are clustered around Moorpark College, Los Angeles Avenue, and in selected larger developments. Apartments Moorpark has eight apartment properties providing 1,132 housing units or 10% of the City’s stock. Four projects are deed restricted and provide 100% affordable housing to lower income residents. Two of the affordable housing properties are age restricted to seniors, and both are disabled friendly. The other four apartment properties are market rate developments, two of which are Class A (high level of amenities) and two which are Class B/C (generally investment grade, older, less amenity-rich). Of the market rate developments, a smaller percent are deed restricted as affordable. Taken together, 25% to 30% of the City’s apartment stock is deed restricted as affordable to lower income households. Mobile Homes and Other Units Mobile homes and accessory dwelling units (ADU) make up the remaining 2% of all housing units. The City has one mobile home park—Villa de Arroyo mobile home park—south of SR-118 in northeastern Moorpark. This project provides 240 units of affordable housing for residents. ADUs, a newer form of housing, provide an additional unknown number of housing units in the City. With changes in state law, it is anticipated that the number of ADUs will increase as part of new and existing housing developments. These are not included in the above figure as the number of units is very limited to date. 73% 2% 10% 6% 7%2% Single Family 2 to 4-plexes Apartments Townhome Condominium Mobile Homes Figure 4-2 Housing Type in Moorpark 406 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 17 Housing Age and Condition Moorpark takes great pride in its neighborhoods, quality housing, and overall desirability of the community. According to a recent National Community Survey (2021),1 more than 9 of 10 survey respondents reported Moorpark as a good or excellent place to live, and nearly 8 in 10 respondents rated their neighborhood as good or excellent places to live. The quality of housing, availability and condition of amenities, and safety of neighborhoods all help to create great places to live and therefore are priorities for the City. Most of the City’s housing was built after 1980 and is generally in good condition. However, homes begin to show some wear and tear after 30 years and require improvements such as roof repair, painting, landscaping, and exterior finishes. Homes between 30 and 50 years typically require more significant maintenance and even renovation. Generally, homes built 50 or more years ago (unless well-maintained) are more likely to require substantial repairs or need renovation to meet current building codes. Apartments and multiple- family residences may require more frequent maintenance and repair given the higher intensity use. Table 4-8 summarizes Moorpark’s housing stock by the decade when the structure was built. Table 4-8 Housing Built by Decade Housing Characteristics Decade Built Number of Units Percent of Units Built 2010 or later (≤10 years old) 332 3% Built 2000 to 2009 (11 to 20 years old) 1,878 16% Built 1990 to 1999 (21 to 30 years old) 1,522 13% Built 1980 to 1989 (31 to 40 years old) 5,559 47% Built 1970 to 1979 (41 to 50 years old) 1,325 11% Built 1960 to 1969 (51 to 60 years old) 323 3% Built 1950 to 1959 (61 to 70 years old) 584 5% Built before 1950 (≥ 71 years old) 273 2% Total Units Sampled 11,796 100% Sources: American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, 2014-2018 Note: Sample counts are not consistent with Department of Finance estimates as of 2020. 1 Moorpark, CA; Community Livability Report 2020, National Community Survey, ICMA Standard single-family home 407 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 18 Housing Conditions Moorpark is generally recognized as having high quality of life, and the majority of homes are still in good structural condition. However, Moorpark has smaller, “pocket” areas that have needs—some infrastructure-related, some housing condition-related, and some related to property maintenance. Areas requiring special attention include the following.  Virginia Colony. Virginia Colony is south of the SR-118/SR-23 intersection. Approximately two- thirds of land uses are industrial; however, the southwest portion between Princeton and the railroad tracks is home to one of the City’s earliest developments, the Virginia Colony. This area consists of about 50 older homes along narrow streets adjacent to the railroad tracks. Many homes in this area require rehabilitation. The area has poor connectivity to the downtown and also needs infrastructure repairs to improve circulation.  Villa Campesina. The Villa Campesina tract consists of 62 single-family homes surrounded by Leta Yancy Road, Unidos Avenue, Juarez Avenue, James Weak Avenue, and Villa Campesina Avenue. This project was originally a sweat-equity project for farmworkers and was built by People’s Self- Help Housing. Though still in good condition, the tract is aging and could benefit from housing repair and roadway maintenance.  Downtown Moorpark. Downtown Moorpark is also one of the original neighborhoods, with portions of it dating back to the early 1900s. Today, the neighborhood is a mix of older single- family homes interspersed with apartments. This area has the greater overcrowding in the City, and some homes could benefit from maintenance and repair. The neighborhood has the highest concentration of Spanish-speaking households. The Housing Plan contains a program to explore options for targeted assistance to areas most in need of housing maintenance and improvement. Virginia Colony Downtown Area 408 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 19 Housing Prices Moorpark experienced significant escalation in housing prices over the decade. According to Redfin, the median price of single-family homes increased 57%, townhomes by 75%, and condominiums by 125%. Due primarily to limited housing construction over the decade, housing prices soared in 2021 to all-time highs. Single-family homes are the primary housing type in Moorpark. As of 2020, citywide, a single-family home sold for a median price of $781,000. Home prices varied from $500,000 for a two-bedroom unit to more than $1.1 million for a larger, 5- bedroom home (source: Redfin.com). Hillside homes sold for higher prices. Townhomes and condominiums, which make up about 20% of the City’s housing stock, provide housing for middle/moderate-income residents. In 2020, the median sales price was approximately $485,000 for townhomes and approximately $432,000 for condominiums according to Redfin. Sales price for townhomes were similar to condominiums, though townhomes were more expensive—most likely since they are more similar to single-family homes in terms of privacy, space, lot size, and yard. Mobile homes were the most affordable units, with a median sales price of $193,500 according to Redfin. Table 4-9 displays the median sales price for housing in Moorpark as of calendar year 2020. Table 4-9 Housing Sales Prices in Moorpark Median Prices by Unit Size Housing Type Median Price 2 bed unit 3 bed unit 4 bed unit 5+ bed unit Single-family $781,000 $506,000 $637,000 $795,000 $1,100,000 Condominiums $432,000 $395,000 $437,000 ---- ---- Townhome $485,000 $467,000 $463,000 ---- ---- Mobile homes $193,000 $200,000 $207,000 ---- ---- Source: Redfin.com, 2020. Note: Median sales prices calculated from survey of homes sold during the full calendar year 2020. The sample size for condominium and townhome sales is small; and therefore, the median prices may not be as representative. Figure 4-3 Housing Prices in Moorpark, 2012-20 $200K $300K $400K $500K $600K $700K $800K $900K 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Condo Townhome Single-Family Source: Redfin, 2012–2020 409 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 20 Housing Rents Moorpark has eight apartment complexes— four market rate and four deed restricted as affordable. Based on a survey of market rate apartment units, rents increased by more than 25% between 2015 and 2019, faster than changes in median household income. The percentage of increase was nearly identical regardless of the size of the apartment unit, except that three-bedroom units, the most limited in number, recorded the greatest change over the past five years. As of 2019, the average apartment rent is $2,170. The average rent ranges from a low of $1,951 for a 1-bedroom unit to a high of $2,659 for a 3-bedroom unit, the higher price due to the difference in square footage and fewer number of large apartments in the City. Single-family homes offering two to four bedrooms (including condominiums and townhomes) typically rent in the range of $2,500 to $3,500 per month in Moorpark, depending on the number of bedrooms and amenities. In addition to conventional units, ADUs, both regular and junior, are an increasingly popular rental option. These units vary in rent depending on the size. Homeowners increasingly seek permits to develop such units on their property. While ADUs are most often reserved for family members, the median rent when charged is $1,500 (see Table 4-10). Table 4-10 Housing Rents in Moorpark Rent Characteristics Unit by Bedroom Survey Rent/Sq. foot Low High Average Apartments Studio 2 units $2.07 $1,240 $1,240 $1,240 1 - bedroom 186 units $2.82 $1,430 $2,007 $1,951 2 - bedroom 560 units $2.42 $1,675 $2,330 $2,182 3 - bedroom 120 units $2.34 $2,210 $2,659 $2,600 Accessory Dwellings -- 790 2,075 $1,500 Source: City Survey; Dyer Sheeran Group, July 2019 Ventura County Apartment Market Survey. Note: As discussed in the section on regional housing needs, the vast majority of ADUs are provided to family members free of rent. Where rents are charged, the median rent charged was $1,500 based on a three-month survey in Moorpark. Figure 4-4 Moorpark Apartment Rents, 2015-19 $- $500 $1,000 $1,500 $2,000 $2,500 $3,000 Studio 1 Bedroom 2 Bedroom 3 Bedroom Jan-15 Jul 19 410 ■ ■ HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 21 Housing Affordability Housing affordability refers to how much a household can afford to pay for an apartment, townhome, or single-family home. Typically, housing affordability is defined as the ratio of housing expenses to income, referred to as a “cost burden.” The housing industry typically assumes that the “affordable” payment for a homeowner should range from 30 to 40% of gross monthly income, with the latter figure being used in the California Association of Realtors’ first-time homebuyers’ index. For renters, the appropriate cost burden varies from 30 to 40%, with the latter being used under the federal housing choice voucher program. This Housing Element uses a midpoint of 35% cost burden for ownership (as many expenses are tax deductible) and 30% for renters as the threshold for housing overpayment. Table 4-11 shows the amount that households of different incomes can afford for a home in Moorpark, and the following description compares housing affordability for different incomes and housing types. Table 4-11 Affordability of Housing Household and Unit Size Income Category 1-Person (Studio) 2-Person (1 bdrm) 3-Person 2-bdrm) 4-person (3-bdrm) 5-person 4-Bdrm) Income Limits1 Extremely Low $23,700 $27,100 $30,500 $33,850 $36,600 Very Low $39,550 $45,200 $50,850 $56,450 $61,000 Low $63,250 $72,300 $81,350 $90,350 $97,600 Moderate $82,150 $93,900 $105,600 $117,350 $126,750 Maximum Affordable Price2 Extremely Low $36,000 $53,000 $69,000 $85,000 $99,000 Very Low $113,500 $133,000 $145,000 $169,000 $188,000 Low $198,000 $218,000 $253,000 $289,000 $317,000 Moderate $257,000 $302,000 $348,000 $394,000 $402,000 Maximum Affordable Rent3 Extremely Low $507 $581 $641 $700 $743 Very Low $903 $1,033 $1,149 $1,265 $1,353 Low $1,495 $1,711 $1,912 $2,113 $2,268 Moderate $1,968 $2,251 $2,518 $2,788 $2,997 Source: PlaceWorks, 2020. 1. 2020 HCD Income Limits for Ventura County based on surveys by the U.S. Dept of Housing & Urban Development. 2. Assumes 30-year fixed mortgage, $25,000 down payment, 4% interest rate, 1.2% property tax, 1% property insurance, and maximum payment of 36% debt-income ratio toward housing. Sales prices calculated using FreddieMac. 3. Monthly affordable apartment rent based on monthly payments of less than 30% of gross household income and monthly utility allowance determined by the Area Housing Authority of Ventura County. 411 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 22 Housing Affordability by Income Level The following summarizes the affordability of rental and ownership housing based on Table 4-11. This analysis will be used later to determine how the City can meet its RHNA requirement. Extremely Low (affordable to 0 to 30% AMI) Extremely low-income, four-person households can afford a home priced $85,000, depending on household size. No market rate housing units of any type or size in Moorpark are affordable to extremely low-income households. This is also true for apartment rentals, as extremely low-income households can afford a monthly rent of about $500 to $750—contingent on household size—which is below the market rate rents charged in Moorpark. Very Low-Income (affordable to 31 to 50% AMI) Very low-income, four-person households can afford a home priced up to $169,000, depending on household size. Given these limitations, there are no for-sale, market rate housing units of any type or size that would be affordable to very low-income households. Neither are there any adequately sized apartment units that would be affordable to these households, since very low-income households can afford a monthly rent of about $900 to $1,350, depending on household size. This is below most of the market rate rents being charged in Moorpark. Low-Income (Affordable to 51 to 80% AMI) Low-income, four-person households can afford a for-sale home priced up to $289,000, depending on household size. Given these limitations, there are no for-sale, market rate housing units of any type or size in Moorpark that would be affordable to low-income households. Low-income renters can afford $1,500 to $2,268 per unit in rent, which is generally around the average rent charged for a two-bedroom unit. ADUs and junior ADUs are often affordable to lower income individuals. Separate, larger guest houses may also be affordable to low and moderate-income households. Moderate-income (Affordable to 81 to 120% of AMI) Moderate-income households can afford a home up to $394,000 and rent up from $2,000 to $3,000. The only for-sale market rate housing units in Moorpark affordable to moderate-income households would be 2- to 4-bedroom mobile homes for households consisting of 3 to 5 persons. All other for-sale market rate housing is unaffordable to moderate-income households. Townhomes and condominiums, which historically provided affordable ownership housing, are no longer affordable to moderate-incomes. Larger guest houses of 1,000 square feet and larger are also affordable to moderate-income households. However, a moderate-income household should be able to afford any apartment in Moorpark. Quail Ridge development in Moorpark 412 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 23 Housing Problems According to the federal government, housing problems refer to the prevalence of overpayment, overcrowding, and substandard housing in a community. Housing overpayment refers to paying too much for housing relative to one’s income, and overcrowding refers to situations where residents are living in crowded housing. Substandard housing refers to housing that does not meet habitability standards. These situations are disproportionately concentrated among lower income and special needs households. As summarized below and in Table 4-12, housing problems in Moorpark include:  Overcrowding. Overcrowding can be moderate or severe. Moderate overcrowding is defined as 1 to 1.5 persons per room, and severe overcrowding is anything higher. In 2018, 2% of homeowners and 6% of renters in Moorpark lived in overcrowded situations. Countywide, 3% of owners and 12% of renters live in overcrowded housing. While overcrowding rates are low citywide, approximately 25% of housing units in the downtown area are overcrowded.  Overpayment. Overpayment can be either moderate or severe. Moderate overpayment refers to paying 30 to 49% of income toward housing, and severe overpayment is paying more than 50% of income. In Moorpark, 30% of owners and 65% of renters overpay for housing. Countywide, 32% of owners and 55% of renters overpay for housing. However, more than half of all the households in the downtown Moorpark area overpay for housing.  Substandard housing. Substandard housing has been traditionally defined as units lacking complete kitchens, bathrooms, or heat. According to the ACS, less than 10 units have been surveyed as having incomplete kitchens or plumbing, and 344 units lack heating fuel. However, because many ADUs could be included, these statistics could be misleading. The City estimates are that up to 100 homes would be considered in need of rehabilitation beyond just normal investments typical for homes. Table 4-12 Housing Overpayment and Overcrowding Overpayment Overcrowding Severity of Housing Problems Renter Households Owner Households Renter Households Owner Households None 888 6,001 2,536 8,407 Moderate 951 1,731 80 166 Severe 683 848 86 7 Total 2,522 8,580 2,702 8,580 Percent Amount None 35% 70% 94% 98% Moderate 38% 20% 3% 2% Severe 27% 10% 3% 0% Source: American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, 2014-2018. 413 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 24 4.2.4 Special Housing Needs Special needs are those associated with specific demographic or occupational groups that call for specific housing program responses. State law specifically requires analysis of the special housing needs of people who are elderly or disabled (including developmental disabilities), female-headed households, large families, farmworkers, and people experiencing homelessness. These special-needs groups often spend a disproportionate amount of their income to secure safe and decent housing and are sometimes subject to discrimination based on their specific needs or circumstances. This section contains a discussion of the housing needs of special needs groups, as defined in state law, who reside in Moorpark. The analysis of each special-needs group includes:  A quantification of the total number of persons and households in the special housing needs group, including tenure (rental or ownership) where possible.  A quantification and qualitative description of the need (including a description of the potential housing problems faced by the special needs groups).  A general description of any existing resources or programs, and an assessment of unmet needs for each of these special need groups. Following this analysis, the constraints analysis and program sections of the Housing Element identify potential program or policy options and resources to address unmet housing and service needs. Table 4-13 summarizes the prevalence of each group in Moorpark. Table 4-13 Special Housing Needs Groups in Moorpark Prevalence Special Needs Group Number of People or households Percent of Population or Households Senior citizens 4,368 people 12% People with disabilities 3,493 people 10% Large families 1,650 households 15% Single-parent families 457 households 4% College students 13,569 people -- People who are homeless 12 people <1% Agricultural Workers <100 people <1% Sources: 1. City of Moorpark, 2020. 2. Ventura County PiTC Census, 2020. 3. Moorpark College, ACS 2014-2018. 414 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 25 Senior Citizens Seniors are typically defined as persons 65 years or older, although for housing purposes the age may be as low as 55 years. Moorpark has an estimated 4,368 seniors in 2,393 senior households (ACS, 2014-2018). Among this population, most of Moorpark’s senior households (2,053 or 86%) own their own homes, and 340 senior households (14%) rent housing. Reflecting the increasing health and longevity of seniors, 10% of senior households are headed by a member who is 85 years or older. Overall, some of the more pressing issues that Moorpark seniors may have living in their homes are:  Disabilities. Seniors tend to have a higher prevalence than other age groups of disabilities that can make it increasingly difficult to go outside or take care of personal needs. This underscores a need for housing that is accessible to those with disabilities.  Income Limitations. Seniors tend to have lower and fixed incomes due to retirement. This makes seniors, especially renters, more susceptible to increases in rental housing costs and housing overpayment, which leaves less disposable income for other expenses.  Overpayment. Senior renters have the highest rates of overpayment due to their limited retirement income. Compared to senior homeowners without a mortgage, overpayment is especially prevalent for senior renters, who are subject to annual rent increases despite fixed incomes. Many Moorpark seniors reside in conventional single-family homes. However, providing appropriate housing designed for seniors has become increasingly important. As this group approaches retirement or senior years, many may seek different types of senior housing, from smaller condominiums to independent or assisted age-restricted housing. In addition to housing, an appropriate mix of affordable support services (e.g., transportation, health care, home maintenance) provided locally can help seniors live as independently as possible. Housing options available for seniors include:  Age-restricted apartments. Moorpark has two senior housing projects, with a combined total of 219 units, restricted for those aged 55 and above. Vintage Crest Apartments is a privately managed senior housing complex with 189 age-restricted units for lower-income households that was funded by Low- Income Housing Tax Credits. Tafoya Terrace Apartments features 30 units for lower-income seniors.  Retirement facilities. These facilities provide a variety of living arrangements, from independent living to more supportive settings. Moorpark has one facility operated by Enduring Oaks Assisted Living with capacity for six residents. In 2019, the City approved Oakmont, a 77-unit (84-bed) assisted living and memory care facility. The City also recently approved the 390-unit Aldersgate senior project.  In-home supportive services. Moorpark is home to two in-home care organizations that serve a combined total of 13 patients. Home Instead Senior Care provides in-home personal, home help, and hospice services for 4 senior patients in Moorpark. Access TLC Caregivers provides in-home healthcare, transportation, and hospice services for 9 senior patients in Moorpark. 415 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 26 Family Households Providing decent and affordable housing for families is an important policy goal for Moorpark. Housing Element law identifies three types of families as having special needs—large families, female-headed families, and single-parent households with children—and requires proactive programs. The reasons for their special need status differ, but generally includes lower incomes, the presence of children and additional associated costs, and the lack of adequately sized rental and ownership housing. Large families with five or more persons have special housing needs due to a lower per capita income, the need for affordable childcare, or the need for affordable larger units. Moorpark has an estimated 1,650 large family households, out of which 1,258 families (76%) own a home and 392 families (24%) rent housing. Single-parent households also have special needs due to their limited incomes and higher expenses. Moorpark has 457 single-parent families with children, out of which 147 are male-headed households and 310 are female-headed households. Lower income single parents, particularly renters, generally experience the highest prevalence and severity of overpayment and overcrowding. Providing housing opportunities for families in Moorpark is a challenging task. Moorpark has housing stock to help address the housing needs of special needs families:  Large Units. Of Moorpark’s total 11,796 housing units, 45% have four or more bedrooms (ACS 2014- 2018). Based on the City’s affordable housing list, 46 four-bedroom attached units and about 50 additional apartments provide units suitable for large families.  Public Housing. The Area Housing Authority of Ventura County (AHACV) accepts applications for 4- bedroom public housing units for income-qualified families with 4 members earning an income of up to $79,900. In Moorpark, 121 heads of household receive housing choice vouchers from the AHACV.  Affordable Apartments. In Moorpark, two low-income housing tax credit (LIHTC) projects (Charles Street and Walnut Apartments) are intended for low-income families. Together, these apartments provide 42 units of affordable housing to extremely low, very low, and low-income households. Families with children have additional expenses related to health care, food, and other living expenses. In 2012, the City built the Ruben Castro Human Services Center (RCHSC), a 25,000-square-foot multiservice location for people and families needing assistance. Local nonprofits, including Catholic Charities, Interface, and the Ventura County Human Services Agency, all have offices and operate from this location. The RCHSC also houses the county ‘s family medical clinic. Many working parents place their children in childcare while they work. The City has 14 licensed childcare centers and large family day care homes that serve more than 700 children. However, the cost of childcare for an infant or preschooler can range from $10,000 to $16,000 annually per child, far beyond what most families can afford (Kidsdata.org, 2018). This is particularly difficult for single working parents, who have limited options for a spouse or significant other to care for their children. 416 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 27 Persons With Disabilities Physical, mental, and/or developmental disabilities are impairments that substantially limit life activities and make it difficult to care for oneself. Because of that, persons living with disabilities have special needs for accessible housing. These conditions can also impede a person from being able to leave the home alone or to work at a job. In Moorpark, 9.6% (3,493 residents) live with a disability. The number of persons living with disabilities is anticipated to increase with the aging of Moorpark’s residents. Based on census data and California Department of Development Services, Moorpark residents have the following disabilities (many have multiple disabilities):  Hearing Disability. Deafness or serious difficulty hearing—1,176 people  Vision. Blind or having serious difficulty seeing—525 people  Independent Living. Difficulty doing errands alone—1,106 people  Cognitive disability. Impaired learning, memory, concentrating—1,508 people  Self-care disability. Restricted ability to care for oneself—699 people  Ambulatory. Serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs—1,372 people  Developmental. An array of developmental disabilities—323 residents Many disabled people live in independent housing. However, ensuring that housing is designed and accessible to people with a disability is difficult. The majority of single-family homes are inaccessible to people with mobility and sensory limitations. Housing units may need to have wider doorways and hallways, access ramps, larger bathrooms with grab bars, lowered countertops, and other features common to “barrier-free” housing. Location is also important for disabled people, because they often rely on public transit to travel to services, like grocers or medical offices. In some cases, more severely disabled individuals require a group living environment where supervision and assistance with activities of daily living are provided. These include facilities that provide 24-hour nonmedical care for residents who are physically handicapped, developmentally disabled, and/or mentally disabled. Moorpark has two such facilities. An anticipated 77 housing units for seniors with age- related memory disabilities will be coming online. Outside of the City, the Tri Counties Regional Center provides advocacy for and assistance to developmentally disabled people in Moorpark. For Moorpark disabled residents, a comprehensive approach is required to live within the community. This approach includes, among others: 1) a continuum of accessible and affordable housing options; 2) a mix of appropriate services within the City; 3) a responsive transit system that allows people to conveniently access services; 4) equal access to City services, programs, and facilities; and 5) a discrimination-free environment. The Housing Plan provides both policy and programmatic guidance for addressing the needs of Moorpark residents of all abilities. 417 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 28 Persons Experiencing Homelessness Homelessness is a pressing issue for many communities, and the varied dimensions of homelessness have significant implications for the type and extent of housing and services provided. The 2020 Ventura County Continuum of Care Alliance point-in-time count (PiTC) identified 1,743 persons living on the streets or in housing facilities that serve homeless persons in the county. This is an approximately 50% increase in homeless people counted than the 1,142 count in 2017. In Moorpark, however, there were no persons counted as experiencing homelessness in 2020, according to the PiTC. Other data sources point to a larger estimate of people who are either homeless or precariously housed. The State of California maintains data on students considered homeless. Approximately 5 to 15 students in Moorpark schools over the past several years were reported as living in 1) shared housing, 2) a hotel or motel, 3) a temporary shelter, or 4) unsheltered. Moorpark College staff indicate that up to 49% of college students are precariously housed at some point during the college year. Ventura County reported 43 households at risk of homelessness and 27 literally homeless households in Moorpark. These statistics suggest that homelessness or precarious housing situations are more prevalent. Homelessness has regional and local dimensions. On the regional level, the County of Ventura serves as the lead agency for the County Continuum of Care (CoC), which includes public agencies, social service providers, nonprofit organizations, city leadership, and other regional stakeholders who work together across the county to end homelessness in Ventura County. The County CoC has developed a coordinated entry system, called Pathways to Home, to coordinate services provided to homeless individuals, reduce duplication of effort, and identify the most effective and efficient services to move homeless individuals out of a state of homelessness as quickly as possible. The City has signed an Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) pledging to participate in countywide efforts to address homelessness. This includes requiring local service providers to sign onto the MOU with the CoC; developing a crisis response system for those who present as homeless in the City; pursuing permanent housing across the continuum of care of housing needs (including transitional, permanent supportive, and extremely affordable) in their Housing Elements; 4) requiring that all entities that receive funding for homeless or housing services from their City/county commit to the Pathways to Home program; and 5) committing to consult with the CoC as the City/county considers recommendations for programs and funding related to homelessness. Services for homeless people are coordinated from the Ruben Castro Human Services Center (RCHSC), which includes the Moorpark Family Medical Clinic and the County Human Services Agency (HSA). The HSA operates the Homeless Services Program, which connects people to agencies that provide health care, mental health services, substance abuse treatment, temporary housing, and other benefits. HSA also operates a Rapid Rehousing program to get homeless people into housing as soon as possible. The RCHSC also houses Catholic Charities, Interface Children Family Services, and First 5 Neighborhoods for Learning—all of which provide direct or referral services to individuals who are homeless or precariously housed. Ruben Castro Charities also provides a food pantry operation at Moorpark College. 418 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 29 College Faculty, Staff, and Students Moorpark is one of 116 cities in California with a community college. Founded in 1967, Moorpark College has long been a community asset, predating the City’s incorporation in 1983. The college enrolls approximately 14,000 students and employs more than 600 faculty, administrative, and support staff. Many residents in Moorpark or family members have attended the college at some point, and the institution is a source of local pride. College students and faculty are not among the “mandated” special-needs groups cited under state Housing Element law. However, the number of Moorpark students, faculty, and staff and their contribution to the local economy and community underscore the importance of addressing the housing needs of this group. Moorpark College students range in age, with 76% of students below 24 years of age, and 87% below 30 years old. Students are a special needs group since they are often underemployed and might not command enough income to afford tuition, housing, and other expenses. College faculty are often adjunct, or part-time, which pays much less than full-time, tenure-track faculty, who earn between $65,000 and $80,000 annually. The median price of single-family homes, at $825,000, and median apartment rents, at 2,000+ per month, are unaffordable. Indeed, student surveys estimate that up to 50% of students may be precariously housed at any given time during the academic year. As is the case with most community colleges, Moorpark College does not provide on-campus dormitories or housing for students or employees. Because of the limited supply and high cost of suitable housing in the community, Moorpark College is a commuter school. The three largest cities where students live are Simi Valley (26%), Thousand Oaks (13%), and Moorpark (9%). The remainder come from other Ventura County cities. With the Simi Valley and Moorpark student populations combined, 35% of all students live close to campus, and 65% commute in. For Moorpark College’s estimated 600 employees, the vast majority commute into Moorpark from other cities. The Housing Element can provide proactive policy and program guidance to address this unmet need. Looking forward, Moorpark College will be studying the demand for housing that can accommodate students, faculty, and/or staff attending or employed at Moorpark College. Should the market demand study yield a favorable result, additional measures will be undertaken to partner with organizations to determine feasible options for expanding housing in the community to meet local needs. Ruben Castro Charities also operates a food pantry in the immediate vicinity of the college campus. The Housing Plan provides policy guidance and a program to work with the college to facilitate the development of suitable housing that is affordable to students, faculty, and others employed at or attending the college. Moorpark College campus 419 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 30 Agricultural Employees Unlike most areas of the Southern California region, agriculture is still a sizable component of the economy in Ventura County. According to the 2017 Agricultural Census, the entire county has an estimated 1,151 farms of approximately 260,000 acres. Farm operators reported a total 22,624 hired farm workers countywide, with more than half working less than 150 days per year. With respect to migrant farmworkers, there was a total estimate of 3,595 migrant workers in Ventura County, totaling about 14% of the farmworker labor force. Moorpark has only 400 acres of land designated for agriculture; 2% of the City’s existing land is used for cropland, pasture, orchards and vineyards, nurseries, and ranches. However, Moorpark is surrounded by agricultural land. Tierra Rejada, Apricot Lane, Underwood Family Farms, IronGate Ranch, Sierra Pacific, Water Ranches, Leavens Fairview Ranch, and various agricultural operations in the Santa Rosa Valley are a few of the agricultural operations within/adjacent to Moorpark. Major crops include apricots, avocados, berries, lemons, and other vegetables and fruits. The region is also known for a sizable number of small, sustainable, and organic farming operations. Agricultural employment is diverse, ranging from individuals working at corporate offices to those working in processing/manufacturing operations to field laborers. In addition, the nature of agricultural crops plays an important role in the need for agricultural workers. The 2014-2018 ACS reports that 301 residents are employed in agriculture, forestry, farming, and mining inside or outside of the City. There is no authoritative census of agricultural workers nor whether they are permanent, seasonal, or migrant. Though there are more than 1,000 students in the county eligible for migrant education countywide, no children attending Moorpark schools are currently eligible for this program. Farmworker housing is limited countywide, in part due to the lack of a reliable farmworker census. The City provides opportunities for caretaker and farm worker dwellings, though it is unclear if any exist today. The City worked with Cabrillo Economic Development Corporation to finance and develop the 62-unit Villa Campesina project for farmworkers, many of whom worked at “Egg City” before it closed. Farmworker housing is under construction in Somis, an unincorporated area five miles east of Moorpark, which will add 360 new units and serve as the largest single farmworker project in Ventura County. The Housing Plan contains an affirmative program to update municipal codes to permit employee and agricultural housing in accordance with the California Health and Safety Code §§17021.5 and 17021.6. Code amendments will be made to reduce barriers to and facilitate farmworker housing. The Housing Plan also proposes that the City will, in cooperation with the County of Ventura, help fund a farmworker study that will assess opportunities for farmworker housing, countywide and locally. Underwood Family Farms, south of Moorpark Underwood Farms 420 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 31 Extremely Low, Very Low, and Low Income Households Nearly one of every four households in Moorpark is a lower income household, which includes extremely low and very low income). Extremely low-income households (earning 0-30% of AMI) earn an annual income of $33,800 for a four-person household in 2020, and very low-income households (earning 31- 50% AMI) earn up to $56,000. These groups consist of minimum-wage workers, seniors on fixed incomes, disabled persons, college students, etc.—all have difficulty finding affordable housing. Table 4-14 documents the prevalence of each group and their housing problems in Moorpark. Among extremely low-income households, 81% of owners and 100% of renters overpay for housing, and less than 1% of homeowners and 7% of renters live in overcrowded housing. Though the prevalence of overpayment decreases as household income increases, a significant number of lower income households (63% of owners and 89% of renters) still overpay for housing. Looking forward, SCAG projects that low income households will increase by 610 households from 2021 to 2029. Of that total, 189 would be extremely low income, 189 would be very low income, and 233 would be low income households. Responding to the needs of lower income households requires more than a one-size-fits-all strategy. The most appropriate program depends on the age of the household, tenure, and housing needs. For homeowners, particularly elderly living on a fixed income, providing housing support services (e.g., grants to fix homes or social services) may be most needed. For college students seeking housing, providing more options for them to secure apartment living or accessory units may be needed. For renters, they can benefit most from housing choice vouchers or subsidized rental housing. And for disabled people, the issue may be the simple lack of housing suited to their specific needs. Table 4-14 Housing Problems of Lower Income Households Tenure Total Households Percent Overpaying1 Percent Overcrowded2 Any Housing Problem3 Owners Extremely Low-Income 240 195 | 81% 0% 190 | 79% Very Low-Income 415 305 | 73% 7% 320 | 77% Low-Income 910 475 | 52% 0% 480 | 53% All Low Income Owners 1,565 975 | 62% 990 | 63% Renters Extremely Low-Income 375 315 | 100% 7% 315 | 84% Very Low-Income 495 450 | 91% 19% 450 | 91% Low-Income 520 470 | 90% 4% 470| 90% All Low Income Renters 1,390 1,235 | 89% 1,235 | 89% Source: Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy, 2014-2018. Notes: 1. Overpayment refers to households spending more than 30% of their income on housing. 2. Overcrowding refers to a housing unit with 1.0 or more persons living in a habitable room. 3. Housing problem refers to a household that experiences overpayment, overcrowding, or substandard housing. 421 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 32 4.2.5 Affordable Housing Projects Affordable housing is in short supply throughout the county, with demand largely outpacing supply. Over its short history since incorporation, the City has been facilitating and assisting in the financing and development of affordable housing for its residents. Since the City’s affordable housing efforts started in the early 1990s, about 725 housing units (6% of the City’s housing stock) is deed restricted as affordable to lower and moderate-income households. This section describes the affordable housing provided in Moorpark along with the required analysis for projects at risk of conversion. Figure 4-5 illustrates the City’s affordable housing projects by the type of housing provided, level of affordability, and occupancy. The majority of affordable housing for lower income residents is provided by senior apartments or the mobile home park. Affordable developers have provided some single-family units affordable to lower income households, such as the Villa Campesina. Still, market rate developers have also provided condominiums and single-family homes for lower income households. The City’s primary tool for facilitating the production of affordable housing has been the inclusionary housing requirement—10 to 15% of all units in a new project must provide and deed restricted units affordable to lower or moderate-income households. The City is also active in using its limited land holdings to reduce the overall costs of developing housing. This was the case for the Charles Street Apartments, which was developed by the Area Housing Authority and Many Mansions. The City also provides financial assistance, often through the deferral or waiver of developer fees or issuance of seller carryback loans. Table 4-15 provides a summary of each affordable housing project that has been developed in Moorpark and the applicable funding source, where known. Taken together, 725 affordable housing units have been built with the following affordability distribution to households of different income levels: 23% very low- income, 74% low-income, and 3% moderate-income. Figure 4-5 Moorpark Affordable Housing 0 50 100 150 200 250 Condos SFR Homes Family Apts Senior Apts Mobile HomesNumber of UnitsVery Low Low Moderate Affordability Level 422 • • • HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 33 Table 4-15 Publicly Assisted Affordable Housing Project Characteristics Project Name and Address Target Group Total Units Affordable Units Funding Source Built/Earliest Expiration Date Tafoya Terrace 344 Charles Street Senior Apts 31 30 lower income units Public Housing Built: 1986 Perpetuity Vintage Crest 4700 Park Lane Senior Apts 189 48 very low; 141 low-income Revenue Bond; LIHTC; City assistance Built: 2002 Covenant: 2057 Charles Street Terrace 396 Charles Street Family Apts 19 15 very low 4 low-income LIHTC; RDA land, HOME; red Fee Built: 2012 Perpetuity Waterstone 4767 Moorpark Ave Family Apts 62 29 very low; 21 low; 12 Mod DDA; Inclusionary units Built: 2003 Perpetuity Walnut Apartments 80 Everett Street Family Apts 24 19 very low- income units VCHTF; HOME; fee waiver; LIHTC Built: 2018 Covenant: 2073 High Street Station 226 High Street All Ages Apts 79 10 moderate- income DDA; AHA Inclusionary Built 2022 Perpetuity Villa Del Arroyo 15750 Arroyo Drive All Ages MHP 240 (20%) 48 very low-income MHP Revenue Bonds; RDA Built: 1978 Covenant: 2040 Villa Campesina Cabrillo EDC Farmworkers SFR 62 62 lower income units RDA funds; DDA CDBG Funds Built 1989 Perpetuity Waverly Place Pardee Home All Ages TH/Condo 102 28 lower income units DDA; AHA Inclusionary Built: 2008 Perpetuity Ivy Lane Shea Homes All Ages TH/Condo 99 18 lower income unit DDA; AHA Inclusionary Built: 2015 Perpetuity Canterbury Lane Shea Homes All Ages TH/Condo 102 7 lower income unit DDA; AHA Inclusionary Built: 2010 Perpetuity Smart Living Pardee Homes All Ages SFR 133 7 lower income unit DDA; AHA Inclusionary Built: 2014 Perpetuity Mountain View Cabrillo All Ages SFR 59 4 VL Income 11 Low-Income DDA; AHA Inclusionary Built: 2002/04 Perpetuity Brighton Hovnanian- All Ages SFR 250 4 VL; 4 LI 9 Moderate DDA; AHA Inclusionary Built: 2015 Perpetuity Moonsong Colmer All Ages SFR 22 2 Very Low 4 Low DDA; AHA Inclusionary Built: 2004 Perpetuity Source: City of Moorpark. LIHTC: California Low-Income Housing Tax Credits HOME: federal grants issued to cities for affordable housing RDA: funds provided by the former Moorpark RDA DDA: City Disposition and Development Agreement Public housing: Owned by the County Housing Authority VCHTF: Ventura County Housing Trust Fund 423 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 34 Pursuant to §65583(a)(9) of the Government Code, the Housing Element must include an analysis of multiple-family projects built with public subsidies and show whether the housing is at risk of converting to market rents. Where projects are at risk of conversion, the Housing Plan must propose a program to encourage and facilitate the preservation of these units. None of the above projects are at risk of conversion during the Housing Element planning period. Qualified Entities Owners of government-assisted developments cannot terminate subsidy contracts, prepay a federally assisted mortgage, or discontinue use restrictions without first providing an exclusive "notice of opportunity to submit an offer to purchase" to each identified qualified entity. State law requires the Housing Element to identify local public agencies, public or private nonprofit corporations, and for-profit organizations with the legal and managerial capacity to acquire and manage at-risk projects. The entities in Table 4-16 are certified for Ventura County and can be found at: https://www.hcd.ca.gov/policy-research/preserving-existing-affordable-housing.shtml. Table 4-16 List of Qualified Entities in Ventura County Corporate Entity Address City Developed housing in Moorpark Century Housing Corporation 1000 Corporate Pointe Culver City No A Community of Friends 836 Avalon Ave Lafayette No Long Beach Affordable Housing, Inc 5855 Naples Plaza Long Beach No Peoples' Self-Help Housing 3533 Empleo St. San Luis Obispo Yes Housing Corporation of America 31423 Coast Highway Laguna Beach No Nexus for Affordable Housing 1572 N. Main Street Orange No Many Mansions, Inc. 1459 E. Thousand Oaks Bl. Thousand Oaks Yes Coalition for Economic Survival 514 Shatto Place Los Angeles No ROEM Development Corporation 1650 Lafayette Circle Santa Clara No Abbey Road Inc. 15305 Rayen Street North Hills No Innovative Housing Opportunities 19772 Macarthur Blvd. Irvine No Source: California Department of Housing and Community Development, 2020. The City of Moorpark has additional organizations involved in housing development. These include Habitat for Humanity, Area Housing Authority of Ventura County, and private developers who build market rate projects and restrict a portion as affordable to low and/or moderate-income households. 424 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 35 4.3 Housing Constraints Housing constraints refer to land use regulations, housing policies, zoning, and other factors that influence the price and availability of housing opportunities. This section provides an overview of the City’s General Plan, zoning ordinance, and other documents that identify public policies and governmental regulations that may limit or enhance housing opportunities in Moorpark. 4.3.1 Nongovernmental Constraints Nongovernmental constraints with respect to Housing Elements are those that constrain the building and development community and its ability to build housing, especially housing affordable to low and moderate-income households. The most significant constraints are: high land costs, high construction costs (for labor, materials and financing), financing availability, and the availability of state funds (such as tax credits). While these considerations are generally acknowledged to affect cities throughout Southern California, there are different reasons driving each consideration in Ventura County. Development Costs Land cost is one of the primary costs of building housing. Land costs include the costs of raw land, site improvements, and all associated costs. Residential land in Ventura County is expensive compared to land prices in other Southern California markets, but for different reasons. Land costs are influenced by: overall availability within a given subregion; environmental conditions; public service and infrastructure availability; and aesthetic considerations such as views, terrain, and vegetation. For an investor, the allowable density of residential development also determines the per unit cost of land. According to Redfin, land for single-family homes in the suburban core is priced from $25 to $50 per square foot. The full development cost will be higher depending on site improvements, allowed density, location, view, and suitability for residential development. This is particularly the case for hillside lots, which have significant viewsheds. Land zoned for higher density housing is generally priced higher due to local regulations that allow for more units per acre. An acre of vacant land zoned for multifamily residential use (allowing 20 units per acre) can cost between $50 and $75 per square foot. Where feasible, the City has assisted affordable housing developers by purchasing and donating land. Moorpark is surrounded by steep hillsides. These hillside residential lots differ in price because they are subject to different zoning and development regulations and have environmental constraints associated with topography, wildfire hazards, infrastructure, and other potential constraints. Vacant Residentially Zoned Site 425 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 36 Other than land, construction is also a significant part of the overall cost of developing housing. Labor and material costs are typically more standardized and vary less between different types of housing. However, the amenities offered can drive construction costs, particularly higher end amenities, exterior design features, and interior finishes. Often lesser known but equally important is the availability of infrastructure to serve development, particularly whether water, sewer, and drainage facilities need to be installed or the site can be served by existing utilities. The cost of utilities, including undergrounding of utility lines, can also materially add to the overall construction costs. Construction cost estimates are typically provided either by cost estimation companies or developers. R.S. Means, Reed Construction Data, and other cost estimation firms provide construction cost manuals for calculating the average cost per square foot of residential construction. Since regional estimates may not accurately reflect the actual costs in Moorpark, estimates were provided by local developers. Construction costs for a good quality 1,800-square-foot home range from $180 to $250 per square foot. This translates into a cost of $315,000 to $340,000 per unit according to Habitat for Humanity. However, the cost per housing unit with a higher level of amenities or custom construction would increase the average cost per unit. The California HCD analyzed 400 low-income housing tax credit projects and found that construction costs were about 70% of the cost of developing affordable housing. Other costs included developer fees (13%), demolition and site preparation (8%), and other fees (10%). An in-lieu housing fee study prepared in 2019 analyzed prototypical apartment projects in Ventura and Santa Barbara County and found that the average, per-square-foot, direct construction cost was $334,000 per unit or $372 per square foot— similar to the direct per unit costs of $327,000 for Walnut Apartments and $360,000 for Vendra Gardens. However, when the entire project development cost is considered, the per unit cost is much higher. The building industry is continually interested in reducing the cost of construction, as it affects the profit margin and affordability of the home. A reduction in construction costs can be brought about in several ways: 1) a reduction in amenities and quality of building materials in new homes (still above the minimum acceptability for health, safety, and adequate performance); 2) approval (by the local building departments) of materials and construction methods that are at least equivalent to those prescribed by applicable State building codes; or 3) prefabricated, factory-built housing. If any of these three cost reduction measures are used, careful consideration must be given to long-term value of the housing. Rather than reduce construction quality, the City’s approach to reducing development costs has been to provide a combination of low-cost land, reduction or waiver in fees, and access to low-cost financing. Residential neighborhood in Moorpark. 426 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 37 Growth Controls: Save Open and Agricultural Spaces Growth management has long been a concern in Ventura County. In 1999, the City adopted the “SOAR” (Save Open Space and Agricultural Resources) Initiative. This initiative originated from public concern that rapid urban development was threatening agricultural, open space, watershed, sensitive wetlands, and riparian areas vital to Ventura County. Voters thus passed an initiative amending the General Plan to direct population growth into incorporated areas where infrastructure is in place. SOAR establishes city- urban restriction boundaries (CURB) around the perimeters of each city in Ventura County. If City leadership seeks to expand its CURB beyond the existing limits into the sphere of influence, it must have the approval of a majority of voters in the county. In Moorpark, SOAR was re-extended by Measure E to continue until 2050. Unlike the City’s SOI boundaries, the CURB boundaries in Moorpark are not universally coterminous with its geographic boundaries. In 1998, one property near the Moorpark Marketplace was transferred to Moorpark’s jurisdiction from Ventura County. Since it is intended for open space conservation and no urban growth is permitted in this area, it is not within the CURB boundary. In 2015, the City Council studied the potential annexation of a property abutting Moorpark’s western boundary, but ultimately decided against the annexation and subsequent CURB boundary expansion. Apart from the transfer of the open space property in 1998, the CURB boundary has remained unchanged since SOAR was originally enacted. If sufficient land resources are not available to address the City’s RHNA allocation, the SOAR Initiative allows the City Council to amend the CURB line to comply with state law regarding the provision of housing for all economic segments of the community. In order to invoke this provision, the council must make the following findings:  The land is immediately adjacent to existing compatibly developed areas, and adequate services have or will be provided for such development.  The proposed development will address the highest priority need identified (e.g., the provision of lower income housing to satisfy the RHNA).  There is no existing residentially zoned land available within the CURB, and it is not reasonably feasible to redesignate land within the CURB for such purposes.  No more than 20 acres may be brought within the CURB (annexed into a community) for the purpose of development on an annual basis. The SOAR Initiative is intended to prevent the accelerated conversion of agricultural land and loss of open spaces that define the landscape of Ventura County. Although this measure is a growth limitation initiative, it will not prevent the City from meeting its RHNA for the following reasons: (1) the City has a large reserve of vacant land within its corporate limits; (2) the City makes wide use of development agreements to require inclusionary units or in-lieu fees; and (3) the SOAR Initiative has specific amendment procedures that allow a local government to accommodate lower-income RHNA targets. 427 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 38 Environmental Constraints Moorpark’s natural environment is marked with hillsides, canyons, lush vegetation, and other natural features that add visual character but also require additional care with respect to development. Primary environmental features that affect the feasibility and cost of residential development include seismic, wildfire, and flooding concerns. Seismic Concerns Moorpark is in a seismically active area, as is the majority of Southern California. Five major faults are near the City and capable of generating a 6.6 magnitude earthquake. These include the San Andreas Fault Zone, Oak Ridge Fault, San Cayeano Fault, and Santa Susana Fault. The Simi-Santa Rosa Fault Zone extends 17 miles east-west from the Santa Susana Mountains along the northern margin of the Simi and Tierra Rejada valleys and along the Las Posas Hills to their westerly termination. This fault system is also designated an Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zone, and it crosses southeastern Moorpark. Wildfire Hazards Moorpark is framed by the Santa Susana Mountains to the north and the Simi Hills and Santa Monica Mountains to the south. Topography ranges from 550 to 800 feet above sea level. Major ridgelines, canyons, woodlands, rolling hillsides and knolls, and significant stands of trees define the community. Rolling hillsides and canyons include Campus Canyon, Rustic Canyon, Happy Camp Canyon, Gabbert Canyon, Walnut Canyon, and Strathearn Canyon. The Board of Forestry and Fire Protection has designated areas to the north, south, and east as Very-High Fire Hazard Severity Zones. Flooding Concerns Scattered portions of the City are designated Zone A, which represents areas with a 1% annual chance of flooding and a 26% chance of flooding over the life of a 30-year mortgage. Three types of Zone A designation are present throughout the City—Zones A, AE, and AH. In addition, the Arroyo Simi, Walnut Canyon, Peach Hill Wash, and Happy Camp Canyon are designated Zone A (1% annual chance of flood hazard). Peach Hill Wash and Arroyo Simi are designated “Regulatory Floodways.” These environmental features add character but influence construction costs. The City amended the 2019 California Building Code and Residential Code to include stricter standards for foundation design and footings; swimming pools; expansive soil conditions; and fire-resistant construction, including roof materials, unreinforced footings, and engineered truss systems. These codes are designed to protect structures from damages that could result from natural hazards in Moorpark. 428 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 39 On- and Off-Site Improvements Residential developers are required to provide on- and off-site improvements that are necessary to ensure public safety and quality of life, to mitigate identified environmental impacts, and to ensure orderly development of land. Such improvements are also mandated by the State Subdivision Map Act and the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). The City sets these requirements through the General Plan, municipal code, or typical improvement conditions placed on all new development. The municipal code requires a mix of “on-site improvements” or “off-site improvements” adjacent or near the site. If not in place, their installation will be required as conditions of approval for the subdivision, parcel map, or site development permit. These include: (1) interior streets, driveways, and other public rights-of-way; 2) street improvements, including streetlights, street trees, traffic signals, sidewalks, etc.; 3) utilities, including water, sewer, storm drains, and dry utilities underground to support new housing; and 4) land for park and recreation or easements for utilities, drainage, and other public improvements. As shown in Table 4-17, Moorpark’s street standards vary by roadway designation and location. A typical local residential street requires a 56-foot right-of-way, with two 18-foot travel lanes; these widths vary based on project location and circulation design needs. Streets are also required to be outfitted with utilities, street trees, light poles, and sidewalks on one or both sides. Rural collectors have the least required infrastructure. However, bicycle lanes and associated rights-of-way may be required. The City is reviewing and evaluating its street infrastructure requirements as part of the General Plan currently in- process. To that end, an updated Circulation and Infrastructure Element that will introduce revised roadway standards is anticipated for adoption in early 2023. Table 4-17 Street Infrastructure Requirements Street Classification Number of Lanes Right of Way Curb-Curb Width Other Street-Related Improvements 6-lane arterial 6 110-120’ 90-104’ Bicycle lanes, lighting, trees, utilities, and sidewalks may be required. 4-lane Arterial 4 80-100’ 60-80’ Local Collector 2 50-70’ 35-54’ Rural Collector 2-4 70-90’ 54-64’ Source: Moorpark Municipal Code, 2020. Note: Roadways must also meet all applicable fire safety standards required by the Ventura County Fire Protection District. The City of Moorpark’s Capital Improvement Program (CIP) is the planning document used to plan for physical improvements to the infrastructure of the community. It contains a description and schedule of public improvements, including streets, bridges, and other facilities for the continued buildout of the City. The CIP helps to ensure that construction of public improvements is coordinated with public financing, private financing, and private development. Although development fees and improvement requirements increase the cost of housing, cities have little choice but to establish such requirements because of the limitations on property taxes and other revenue sources needed to fund public improvements. 429 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 40 Development Fees Moorpark charges fees and assessments to cover the cost of processing permits and providing adequate public facilities, infrastructure, and municipal services are available to support residential projects. Fees are based on appropriate local cost studies and nexus studies and are derived in accordance with state law requirements. For planning fees, developers pay a deposit and then City staff charge direct processing time based on an hourly rate. Table 4-18 lists the fees that make up the fee burden. Table 4-18 Residential Planning and Building Fees Types of Fees Notes Residential Development Single-Family Multiple-Family Building Permit Plan Check Based on valuation 75% permit fee Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing Based on Valuation 50% permit fee (each) Engineering Fees Based on Cost Estimate Planning Applications Hourly basis $120 to $270/hour Administrative Permit Flat fee $860 $860 Conditional Use or Variance Deposit (hourly) $5,500 $5,500 General Plan/Zoning Change Deposit (hourly) $5,700 $5,700 Tentative Parcel/Tract Map Deposit (hourly) $7,900 to $10,000 Vesting Tentative Tract Map Deposit (hourly) $28,500 $28,500 Planned Development Permit Deposit (hourly) $21,500 $21,500 Development Agreement Deposit (hourly) $34,000 $34,000 Specific Plan Deposit (hourly) $43,000 $43,000 Planning Compliance Review 100% Map/PD deposit $21,500 $21,500 Landscape & Lighting Plan Review Ii and inspection 100% City cost +15% admin fee Environmental Reports Deposit (hourly) $5,700 to $7,200 Environmental Analysis Deposit (hourly) 100% of cost plus 15% fee Impact Fees Average Area of Contribution Flat Per Unit $9,638 $9,638 Citywide Traffic Mitigation Flat Per Unit $12,500 $12,500 Fire Protection Facilities Flat Per Unit $979 $722 Police Facilities Flat Per Unit $1,167 $1,167 Library Facility Flat Per Unit $926 $597 Park-In Lieu Calculated need $8,240 $10,500 Art Fee 1% Bldg Value $3,825 $1,410 Air Quality Fee Flat Per Unit $1,709 $1,203 Sewer Connection (per ERU) Flat Per Unit $4,985 $4,985 VCWD#1 Construction Charge Flat Per Unit $2,592 $2,592 Source: City of Moorpark, 2021. Posted at https://www.moorparkca.gov/DocumentCenter/View/11764/Schedule-of-Fees-and-Service-Charges?bidId= 430 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 41 While fees are a necessary part of the development review and application process and are required to provide quality residential projects, fees can be considered a constraint if they are inordinately high. To assess the financial burden of fees on the development of new housing, the City developed three prototypes–accessory dwellings, single-family housing, and multiple-family housing of similar size. Typical projects built on one acre of land were calculated by assuming a single-family home project of 7 units and a 20-unit apartment project—all built on one acre of land. Finally, the total fee was compared to ICC building fee valuation tables, and land costs were added to obtain total development costs. As summarized in Table 4-19, total development fees were $58,900 per single-family unit and $57,400 per multiple-family unit—approximately 17% of building permit valuation. However, once land costs are added, the fee burden declines to 11.3% and 12.5% of the total development cost for single- and multiple- family housing. It should be noted that fees are artificially higher for single-family homes since most homes are larger than the 1,200 sf prototype and land costs should be higher due to their location. While the results are below the threshold of “15%” often cited as a potential constraint, the findings underscore the need to study fees to determine the cost burden under a variety of scenarios. Table 4-19 Residential Development Fee Burden in Moorpark Types of Fees Residential Fees Per 1,200 sf. Unit Accessory Unit Single-Family Multiple-Family City Planning/Admin Fees $515 $530 $519 City Building Fees $6,550 $6,786 $6,613 City Facility Fees $3,192 $3,132 $2,546 City Engineering Fees None $1,500 $1,500 CEQA Fees None $2,000 $2,000 City Development Fees None $31,838 $31,141 County Water and Sewer None $9,046 $9,046 School Fees $3,792 $4,032 $4,032 Total Fees Per Unit $14,050 $58,864 $57,397 Building Permit Valuation $326,000 345,000 $330,000 Total Land Costs Cost Per Unit none $155,571 $108,900 Total Project Valuation Fee as % Total Development Cost $325,000 4.3% $500,571 11.3% $438,900 12.5% Source: City of Moorpark, 2020 The City is undergoing a comprehensive fee update and impact fee nexus study to analyze the costs related to new development. The intent is to modernize the fee structure and apply a consistent fee for all development that is reliable and can provide developers with assurances of costs before application. 431 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 42 Other Nongovernmental Factors Other nongovernmental factors affect the timing of development. Government Code §65583(a)(6) requires an analysis of requests to develop housing at densities below those anticipated in the housing sites inventory. The analysis must also indicate the length of time between a developer receiving approval for housing development and the submittal of a building permit application. Further, the analysis must look at local efforts to remove nongovernmental constraints that create a gap in the jurisdiction’s ability to meet the RHNA by income category. Findings of this assessment are as follows:  Density of Development. The City is known for lower housing densities than in urbanized counties or urbanized portions of Ventura County. It is not uncommon for affordable housing to be built at densities of 18 to 22 units per acre. Developers have obtained competitive grants to build affordable housing for large families, seniors, and disabled people. Condominiums, townhomes, and single-family homes are built at much lower densities to accommodate private yards, though the City is considering new forms of housing at higher densities. Affordable projects built at maximum densities include: Walnut Avenue Apartments. 100% affordable project built at a density of 20 du/ac Charles Street Apartments. 100% affordable project built at 24 du/ac (125%)  Timing of Development. The length of time between receiving approval for a housing project and submittal of an application for a building permit varies. If the subdivision is new and requires infrastructure, the developer could delay submittal for a building permit until infrastructure is in place. For tracts with infrastructure in place, developers who received project approval will submit construction documents for building permit in a shorter timeframe. Recent examples include: Walnut Avenue Apartments. Application May 2015. Occupied Sept. 2018 Shea Homes - Canterbury Lane. Application November 2010. Constructed 2015 The City is revising the application process for Residential Planned Development permits, which is the primary means of approving residential developments that are four or more units. The timeframes above will therefore change as the new procedures are in place.  Public Health Emergencies. Like communities across California, the COVID pandemic has impacted the timing of residential development. Though it was initially estimated to last only six months, the pandemic has now extended to triple that length. It is not uncommon for projects to be stalled due to labor shortages, public health directives, or other market side effects (e.g., shortages and price increases for lumber). The economic disruption is causing higher rates of inflation, again putting pressure on materials and construction costs. The long-term impact of these factors is unknown, but these market disruptions affect all communities in the southern California region. 432 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 43 Transparency Requirements In 2019, the California Legislature passed Assembly Bill (AB) 1483, which increases the transparency of various codes, fees, and processes required for residential development projects in a community. Specifically, AB 1483 requires all governmental agencies to publish on their websites specific financial and local zoning information. Starting January 1, 2021, any City with a website is required to make information available online. Moreover, agencies must update this information within 30 days of any changes. Items to be provided online include:  Current schedule of fees, exactions, and affordability requirements imposed by the city, county, or special district applicable to a proposed housing project  All zoning ordinances, design standards, and development standards for each parcel including other regulatory requirements  Current and five previous annual fee or financial reports and archive of impact fee nexus studies, cost of service studies done by the city, county, or special district after January 1, 2018. Table 4-20 outlines the documentation required to be made available online and the web path where it can be found. The table also includes direct links to current versions of these documents. Table 4-20 AB1483 Required Documents and Website Access Required Documents Online Location Schedule of Fees, Exactions & Affordability Requirements https://www.moorparkca.gov/DocumentCenter/View/11486/ Schedule-of-Fees-and-Service-Charges-Mar-17-2021?bidId= Zoning Ordinance and Development Standards https://library.qcode.us/lib/moorpark_ca/pub/municipal_cod e/item/title_17 Current & Previous (5) Annual Fee and Financial Reports https://www.moorparkca.gov/890/Financial-Information-Hub https://www.moorparkca.gov/225/Other-Financial-Reports Impact Fee Nexus or Cost of Service Studies, and other financial reports In progress; RFP distributed for study (2022) Source: City of Moorpark, 2022. The City has also launched an online financial information hub to enhance transparency about the City’s finances, and state of the economy of the Moorpark community at large. The financial hub can be accessed at: https://www.moorparkca.gov/890/Financial-Information-Hub. The City Clerk's Division also maintains a publicly available, searchable public records archive containing City ordinances, resolutions, minutes, and staff reports at: https://www.moorparkca.gov/777/Public-Records-Archive. 433 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 44 4.3.2 Land Use and Housing Opportunities The City of Moorpark is characterized as a suburban community containing a mix of residential neighborhoods, commercial corridors and centers, industrial districts, civic and educational facilities, parklands, and open spaces. This section describes the types, distribution, intensity, and character of land uses allowing for residential land uses in the community. General Plan Land Use The land use element of the General Plan prescribes land use categories that guide the type, intensity, or density of residential development in various locations of the community. Table 4-21 provides a summary of the residential land use categories in the land use element. Basically, the General Plan provides for seven primary residential land use categories, allowing for densities up to 20 units per acre. Zoning districts and specific plans, discussed in the next section, provide further guidance for residential development. The current General Plan is being updated and land use designations may change. Table 4-21 Existing General Plan Residential Land Use Categories Category Purpose of Land Use Category Permitted Density Rural Low Residential Allow residential estate lots on minimum five-acre lots or using clustering techniques for areas characterized by significant site constraints, or areas of important visual and natural resources. 0.2 du/ac Rural High Residential Allow residential uses on rural large estate lots or clustered single- family homes, with significant permanent open space, consistent with the constraints of the land. 1 du/ac Low Density Residential Allow single-family homes on half acre lots or larger, or by clustered single-family homes which are sensitive to the natural terrain and minimize grading requirements. 1 du/ac Medium Low Density Residential Single-family residential development either in standard subdivision form or using clustering techniques to minimize grading and to conserve slopes of 20% or greater. 2 du/ac Medium Density Residential Allow for single-family homes in standard residential subdivision form or innovative designs which utilize clustering, zero lot line, or planned development features. 4 du/ac High Density Residential Allow attached and detached single-family and multiple family attached units. Areas should have adequate and convenient access to local streets, neighborhood commercial and recreational facilities. 7 du/ac Very High Density Residential Allow attached units, apartments and condos near major community facilities, business centers and major arterials. Projects should use innovative site planning and provide onsite recreational amenities 16–20 du/ac Source: Moorpark General Plan Land Use Element, 1992, Amended 2009. Note: Additional mixed uses are allowed in the Downtown Specific Plan. 434 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 45 Housing Opportunities State law requires the Housing Element to identify adequate sites with appropriate zoning and development standards to encourage the development of single-family and multifamily housing, factory- built housing, mobile homes, housing for homeless people, care facilities, single-room occupancy, and agricultural housing, among others. Table 4-22 highlights the zones where housing is allowed and indicates the permitting process. Each of the permit procedures (zoning clearance, administrative permit, conditional use permit, etc.) is described in Section 4.3.4, “Development Permit Procedures.” Table 4-22 Residential Land Uses by Zone Open Space Rural Residential Urban Residential Residential Use OS-AE R-A R-E R-O R-1 R-2 R-P-D RPD-20 U-N-D Single-family Units (< 5 du) AP AP AP AP AP AP AP Manufactured Housing AP AP AP AP AP AP AP Factory-Built Housing See text Duplex, Triplex, Quads AP2 AP2 Multiple-family (5 or more) RPD ZC Mobile Homes CUP CUP CUP CUP CUP CUP Mixed Uses See text Accessory Dwellings ZC ZC ZC ZC ZC ZC ZC ZC Affordable or Senior (<5 du) AP2 AP2 AP2 Residential Care, Small ZC ZC ZC ZC ZC ZC ZC Transitional Housing NZC NZC NZC NZC NZC NZC NZC Supportive Housing NZC NZC NZC NZC NZC NZC NZC Emergency Shelter CUP1 CUP1 CUP1 CUP1 CUP1 CUP1 Low Barrier Navigation Ctr See text Single-Room Occupancy See text Dwelling, Caretaker AP AP AP AP AP AP AP Farm Labor Dwelling ZC3 ZC3 ZC3 Source: City of Moorpark, Zoning Code, 2020. Notes: ZC = zoning clearance; CUP = conditional use permit; AP = administrative permit; NZC = no zoning clearance required 1 Allowed when in association with places of religious assembly pursuant to a conditional use permit. 2 Less than 5 affordable or senior housing units when in compliance with Chapter 17.64 of the Zoning Code. 3 Allowed in accordance with requirements in MMC Chapter 17.28, Standards for Specific Uses. 435 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 46 Conventional Housing The Moorpark Municipal Code (MMC) (Title 17, Zoning) permits a wide range of conventional single- family and multiple-family housing in numerous zoning districts within the community. The following describes these provisions, permits required, and compliance with state law. Later sections of the constraint analysis describe and analyze permitting processes in greater detail. Single-Family Housing The MMC (§17.08.010) defines a single-family dwelling as a detached building constructed in conformance with the Uniform Building Code and designed or occupied exclusively for a one family dwelling. A dwelling unit means one or more rooms providing complete independent living facilities for one family, including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking, and sanitation; but containing only one set of kitchen-related fixtures capable of serving only one kitchen for the exclusive use of one family. Single-family homes are allowed in all residential zones pursuant to an administrative permit. Manufactured Housing and Mobile Homes In accordance with Government Code §65852.3, Moorpark allows manufactured homes certified under national manufactured housing construction and safety standards on a permanent foundation in zones that allow single-family homes. The City also allows mobile homes and mobile home parks. Except for architectural design, the MMC requires adherence to the same residential development standards to which a single-family home on the same lot would adhere. The City allows for mobile homes in single- and multiple-family zones in accordance with a conditional use permit. The City has one mobile home park (Villa del Arroyo Mobile Home Estates) that provides 240 housing units. Given the limited areas remaining in the City for development, the City does not anticipate a new mobile home park. Factory Built Housing “’Factory-built housing’ means a residential building, dwelling unit, or an individual dwelling room or combination of rooms thereof, or building component, assembly, or system manufactured in such a manner… that is either wholly manufactured or is in substantial part manufactured at an off-site location to be wholly or partially assembled onsite in accordance with state building standard.” Factory-built housing does not include a mobile home, a recreational vehicle, or a commercial modular. The current municipal code is unclear on whether such uses are explicitly permitted. The Housing Plan therefore includes a program to clarify where factory-built housing is permitted and include a by-right permitting process in accordance with state law as part of the zoning code update. 436 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 47 Duplexes, Triplexes, and Quadplexes The MMC defines “multifamily dwelling” as a building, or portion of a building, containing three or more dwelling units. This would include triplexes, quadplexes, and larger projects. As is the case with most cities, Moorpark has a limited housing stock of duplexes, triplexes, and quadplexes. These uses are allowed in either the R-2 or RPD zone with an approved administrative permit. Up to four affordable or senior housing units could also be built in these zones with an approved administrative permit. Multifamily Residential Multifamily dwelling means a building, or portion of a building, containing three or more units. Multifamily housing is permitted in higher density urban residential zones, namely the R-2 and RPD zones. An administrative permit is required for the R-2 zone. A residential planned development (RPD) permit is required for all multiple-family housing (condominiums and apartments) in the RPD zone. These permits have been used successfully to facilitate the development of townhomes, condominiums, and apartment projects, including those offering deed restricted housing units affordable to lower income households. However, multiple-family housing with five or more units are required to secure a RPD permit. Mixed Use Residential The Downtown Specific Plan (DTSP) allows mixed use development within the Commercial Old Town Zone (C-O-T). Mixed commercial-residential projects are defined as those in which commercial uses occupy all or a portion of the street level of a building or group of buildings, and residential uses primarily occupy portions or all of the upper floors of the same building(s). Residential uses may be allowed on the street level so long as they are tucked behind commercial uses or hidden from the street frontage. In 2020, the DTSP was amended to allow further flexibility in development standards for mixed uses. Mixed uses are a conditionally permitted use and require an RPD permit. Accessory Dwelling Unit An ADU is an attached or detached unit on a lot with an existing single-family home, where the ADU provides complete independent living facilities for one or more persons, including permanent provision of living, sleeping, eating, cooking, and sanitation. An attached ADU is within the living area of the existing single-family dwelling, where “living area” means the interior habitable area of a dwelling unit, including basements and attics, but does not include a garage or any accessory structure. AB 2406 added Government Code §65852.22, providing an option for Junior ADUs. JADUs are adaptations of the ADU concept, but are allowed to be created within the walls of a proposed or existing single-family residence. The MMC allows ADUs in all residential zones with a zoning clearance and allows JADUs and qualified ADUs without a zoning clearance depending upon the unit specifications. The MMC currently allows (J)ADUs in all zones that allow for residential uses, except for the O-S and TPD zones. The MMC §17.28.020 provides other standards related to accessory dwellings. The Housing Plan commits to an amendment of the municipal code to allow (J)ADUs in all zones allowing either residential or mixed uses and to review, and if needed, revise, regulations to ensure consistency with changes in state law. 437 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 48 Housing for Homeless People State law requires cities to identify adequate sites and standards to facilitate and encourage the development of emergency shelters, transitional housing, and permanent supportive housing to address the needs of homeless people. The following briefly summarize the provisions for such housing. Emergency Shelters The MMC (§17.08.010) defines “emergency shelters” as housing with minimal supportive services for homeless persons that is limited to occupancy of six months or less by a homeless person, and where no individual or household may be denied emergency shelter because of an inability to pay. They are allowed conditionally in all residential zones with permitted places of religious assembly and in the C-2 zone with a zoning clearance. Emergency shelters must have a management plan, and are limited to one shelter per lot, and a distance of at least 500 feet from any other shelter (as opposed to 300 feet per state law). Overnight occupancy is limited to one bed per 70 sf. of sleeping area. Maximum occupancy is 30 beds. Transitional Housing The MMC (§17.08.010) defines “transitional housing” as buildings configured as rental housing developments, but operated under program requirements that require the termination of assistance and recirculating of the assisted unit to another eligible program recipient at a predetermined future point in time that shall be no less than six months from the beginning of the assistance. Transitional housing is allowed in all residential zones (no zoning clearance required) and is subject to the same zoning requirements and procedures as other residential uses of the same type in the same zone. There are no occupancy requirements, parking requirements, or special building standards for such uses. Supportive Housing The MMC (§17.08.010) defines “supportive housing” as housing with no limit on length of stay, that is occupied by the target population, and that is linked to an on-site or off-site service that assists the supportive-housing resident with retaining the housing, improving their health status, and maximizing their ability to live and work in the community. Supportive housing is allowed in all residential zones (no zoning clearance required) and is subject to the same requirements and procedures as other residential uses of the same type in the same zone. There are no special occupancy, parking, or building standards. Program 17 includes an update of these code provisions in compliance with Gov’t Code §65651. Low Barrier Navigation Center A “Low Barrier Navigation Center” is a Housing First, low-barrier, service-enriched shelter focused on moving people into permanent housing by providing temporary living facilities while case managers connect individuals experiencing homelessness to income, public benefits, health services, shelter, and housing. As required by Government Code §65662, a city must permit a Low Barrier Navigation Center development as a by-right use in areas zoned for mixed uses and nonresidential zones permitting multifamily uses if it meets specified requirements. The Housing Plan proposes a program to update the MMC to allow a low barrier navigation center in accordance with Government Code §65662. 438 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 49 Sites for Emergency Shelters In conformance with Senate Bill 2 (Government Code §§65583 and 65589.5), the zoning code allows emergency shelters by right subject to objective development standards in the C-2 zone, and also at existing established places of worship in residential zones, provided that the use is established in coordination with an existing permitted religious facility. As shown in Figure 4-6, the C-2 zone in downtown is approximately 7.5 acres and includes several vacant and underutilized sites that could accommodate at least one year-round shelter for Moorpark’s limited homeless population. In addition, 11 permitted places of worship throughout Moorpark can provide shelter with a conditional use permit. The C-2 zone in downtown Moorpark is suitable for siting a small emergency shelter. Resources are available within close proximity. Within a one-square-mile area, residents can access supportive services, including Moorpark Family Medical Clinic, First Five, Catholic Charities Pantry Plus, Ruben Castro Charities, two smaller food markets, and other services. In addition, two Moorpark transit lines (Routes 1 and 2) run from 6 am to 6 pm along Moorpark Avenue, with stops one block south at Los Angeles Avenue, providing opportunities for residents to access employment nearby. Also, the library, senior center, community center, City Hall, and other public services are within a mile. Figure 4-6 Locations Where Emergency Shelters Are Permitted 439 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 50 Farmworker Housing Moorpark, like many communities in Ventura County, was an agricultural community and, due to SOAR, many agricultural uses remain in the county. However, with the residential development in Moorpark over the past 40 years, only 2% of the land remains for such uses. Nonetheless, State law requires that local Housing Elements and municipal codes and regulations make provisions for farmworker, employee, and agricultural housing. These codes are found in Health and Safety Code §§17021.5 and 17021.6. The MMC defines farmworker dwellings as “a dwelling unit used by a farm worker, and his or her family, employed and working on or hired from the premises.” The MMC allows farmworker housing by right pursuant to a zoning clearance in rural zones (O-S, A-E, R-A, and R-E). Standards for such housing include:  A minimum lot size of 5 acres as required for agricultural uses.  Farm worker dwellings of no more than 12 units designed for use by a single-family or household or 36 in group sleeping quarters.  Parking requirements of one covered space per unit or three beds in the group sleeping quarters.  A permit from HCD as required by the Employee Housing Act and restricted farmworker occupancy.  Occupancy limitations to reserve housing to farm workers and their families.  General development, lighting, and maintenance requirements. The MMC defines a caretaker dwelling as a dwelling unit used by a caretaker and their family, employed and working on the premises. Caretaker means an employee who must be on the property for a substantial portion of each day for security purposes or for the vital care of people, plants, animals, equipment, or other conditions of the site, and who does not have a possessory interest in the property. The MMC also permits caretaker housing in its agricultural, open space, and residential zones with an approved zoning clearance and adherence to development standards. The California Health and Safety Code §17021.5 requires employee housing for six or fewer persons to be treated as a single-family structure and residential use. Section 17021.6 requires that employee housing consisting of no more than 36 beds in group quarters, or 12 units or less designed for use by a single- family or household to be treated as an agricultural use. No conditional use permit, zoning variance, or other zoning clearance is required for this type of employee housing that is not required of any other family dwelling (§17021.5 facility) or agricultural activity (§17021.6 facility) in the same zone. Such uses cannot be subject to any business taxes, local registration fees, use permit fees, or other fees to which other agricultural activities in the same zone are not subject. Though the MMC appears to address some of the requirements, the Housing Plan proposes a program to review the current statutory requirements, including for employee housing, and if needed, revise the code to mirror the regulations in the California Health and Safety Code. 440 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 51 Housing for Senior and Disabled Persons The MMC provides various codes to help encourage housing suited to people with disabilities and seniors in the community in accordance with state law. The following paragraphs highlight examples of three such housing facilities—small residential care facilities, single-room occupancy, and senior housing. Residential Facilities The MMC (§17.08.010) defines a residential care facility as “a facility providing nonmedical care on a 24- hour basis to people who are mentally ill, mentally handicapped, physically disabled, or elderly, or are dependent or neglected children, wards of the juvenile court, or other persons in need of personal services, supervision or assistance essential for sustaining the activities of everyday living or for protection of the individual.” State law requires that facilities serving six or fewer people be allowed by right in all residential zones and not be subject to more stringent development standards, fees, taxes, and permit procedures than required of the same type of housing in the same zone. The MMC does not list small residential care facilities in the land use table as the City abides by the requirements within state law. The MMC does not allow larger residential facilities in residential zones, although such facilities are conditionally allowed in commercial zones. The Housing Plan includes a program to revise the MMC to accommodate larger residential care facilities in accordance with the latest fair housing law. Single Room Occupancy Single-room-occupancy (SRO) facilities are intended to provide housing opportunities for lower-income, one- or two-person households that cannot typically afford apartments. SROs are small, one-room units occupied by a single individual and may have either shared or private kitchen and bathroom facilities. SROs can provide a valuable form of affordable housing for lower income individuals, seniors, and persons with disabilities. State law requires local Housing Elements to make provisions for such uses. The MMC defines a single room occupancy unit as a housing unit in a multiple-unit building or facility consisting of a single room with private/shared bath facilities and with private/shared cooking facilities. The MMC permits SROs in the C-2 zone that meet development standards (e.g., unit sizes, spacing requirements), receive a zoning clearance, and submit an operational plan required by MMC Chapter 17.28. Senior Housing With the aging of the baby boom population in many cities, senior housing is increasingly needed. The MMC does not define senior housing because such uses often cover a wide range of residential uses, such as continuing retirement communities, age-restricted apartments, assisted living, and other housing types. Several senior housing projects have been recently approved in Moorpark. The MMC allows senior housing with five or fewer units, like other multiple-family projects, subject to an administrative permit, within the R-1, R-2, and RPD zones. Larger units are permitted through a planned development permit. Recent projects approved for seniors include Aldersgate and Oakmont. To provide more clarity with respect to permitting, development standards, regulations, and density or other incentives, the Housing Plan includes a program to review and, if necessary, revise municipal code provisions regarding senior housing to facilitate and encourage the development of this type of housing in Moorpark. 441 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 52 Constraints on Housing People with Disabilities Gov’t Code §65583(a)(4) requires an analysis of governmental constraints on the maintenance, improvement, or development of housing for disabled people—including land use controls, building codes and their enforcement, site improvements, fees and other exactions, and local processing and permit procedures. The analysis shall also demonstrate local efforts to remove governmental constraints that hinder the locality from meeting the need for housing for persons with disabilities. Gov’t Code §65583(c)(3) requires the Housing Element provide a program to address, and where appropriate and legally possible, remove governmental constraints to the maintenance, improvement, and development of housing for persons with disabilities, including providing reasonable accommodations for housing designed for, intended for occupancy by, or with supportive services for, persons with disabilities. Municipal Code Definitions As part of the constraints analysis for the Housing Element, select definitions in the Moorpark Municipal Code were carefully reviewed to determine whether they could be construed as a potential constraint. In identifying a potential fair housing concern, three municipal code definitions—family, dwelling unit, and disability—were particularly germane. According to the MMC, these terms are defined as follows:  Family is defined as one or more persons living together in a dwelling unit, with common access to, and common use of all living, kitchen, and eating areas within the dwelling unit.  Dwelling unit means one or more rooms providing complete independent living facilities for one family, including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking, and sanitation, but containing only one set of kitchen-related fixtures capable of serving exclusive use of one family.  Disability means the same as that term is defined in the Fair Housing Laws. “Disabled person” or “individual with a disability” means a person who has a physical or mental impairment that limits or substantially limits one or more major life activities, anyone who is regarded as having such impairment, or anyone who has a record of such impairment, as defined in the Fair Housing Laws. Generally, the courts have invalidated definitions of family that distinguish between related and unrelated persons or impose limits on the number of persons that constitute a family. Instead, definitions should focus on barrier-free definitions of a family such as “one or more persons living together as a single housekeeping unit in a dwelling unit.” Similarly, dwelling unit definitions should not limit the number of families occupying the unit or limit the number of facilities within a home that are designed to serve multiple families, particularly common among those who have multiple generations in the same home. While the City has not used code definitions to limit the occupancy, rental or lease, or design of housing, the Housing Plan contains a program to amend the above code definitions as part of the zoning code update and concurrent with the updated General Plan and Housing Element. Additional definitions will be reviewed and amended to ensure that the zoning code is consistent with all fair housing laws. 442 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 53 Building and Land Use Policies In addition to definitions, City staff reviewed existing building codes, residential development standards, land use policies, and other local regulations to determine whether any of the above could be construed as actual or potential constraints upon the maintenance, development, or improvement of housing for persons with disabilities. To inform this assessment, the City also reviewed fair housing studies (e.g., Analysis of Impediments) conducted by Ventura County to identify areas of concern. The following is a summary of findings.  Building Codes. The City enforces the latest California Building Codes, including Chapter 11A and 11B, which contain disability accessibility standards. The City has not adopted any local amendments beyond those allowed for local climatic, geological, topographic, or environmental conditions unique to Moorpark, and none of these requirements affect the accessibility of a unit. The City does not mandate the inclusion of universal design elements in new housing.  Development Standards. The City does not require additional residential development standards that would impact the provision of housing for people with disabilities. Parking reductions are allowed for senior housing and group homes. The City has been proactive in facilitating the development of group housing, most recently the development of the 77-unit Oakmont Senior Living project, which is a progressive memory care facility in the Carlsberg Specific Plan area.  Siting Requirements. The City does not implement regulation that require special siting or separation requirements for residential care facilities. Such uses are permitted like other land uses in the same zone, and the City’s municipal code does not specify concentration limits. The only spacing and concentration requirements that may apply are those already specified and authorized in the California Health and Safety Code and other related codes.  Density Ranges. The City’s Zoning Code does not have density ranges that for high density residential development that allow for new single-family residences. All multiple-family projects that are counted for the RHNA and allowed in the RPD zone allow 16 to 20 dwelling units per acre before density bonus units are counted. Furthermore, all affordable apartment projects that were built in the past decade were developed at a maximum of 20 dwelling units per acre before density bonus units were added. As discussed later, the City has been proactive in facilitating and approving housing projects for people with a disability. The City has been active in facilitating the development of larger stand-alone facilities. The 77-unit Oakmont Senior Living project, a market-rate housing project for seniors with memory disabilities, was recently built. The City is also working with the developers of the 360-unit Aldersgate continuing care retirement community to build their facility in Moorpark. The chapter on Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing will further discuss the fair housing implications and issues surrounding providing housing and supportive services for disabled residents. The Housing Plan also contains programs to address the varied housing and service needs of persons with disabilities. 443 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 54 Reasonable Accommodation Over the past decade, local governments have become more sensitive to creating accessible environments, from playgrounds to housing, that allow people with disabilities to live in their communities. In 2013, the City adopted Ordinance 420, establishing a process for requesting a reasonable accommodation that would allow for consideration of a modification or exception to the standards, regulations, policies, and procedures for the siting, development, and use of housing or housing-related facilities, to provide an individual with a disability the equal opportunity to use and enjoy a dwelling. The community development director is the decision-maker for a reasonable accommodation that is not made in conjunction with a discretionary approval that would require Planning Commission review. The community development director may refer the processing of the reasonable accommodation to the Planning Commission for review if the request is submitted in conjunction with a request for a separate discretionary approval. The reviewing authority shall approve the request for a reasonable accommodation if it finds, based on all of the evidence presented, that all of the following findings can be made:  The requested accommodation is requested by or on the behalf of one or more disabled persons protected under the fair housing laws who will occupy the dwelling.  The requested accommodation is necessary to give one or more disabled persons an equal opportunity to use and enjoy a dwelling.  The requested accommodation will not impose an undue financial or administrative burden on the City, as “undue financial or administrative burden” is defined in the fair housing laws.  The requested accommodation will not result in a fundamental alteration in the nature of the City’s zoning code, as “fundamental alteration” is defined in the fair housing laws.  The requested accommodation will not, under the specific facts of the case, result in a direct threat to the health or safety of other individuals or physical damage to the property of others. The reviewing authority issues a written determination to approve, conditionally approve, or deny a request for a reasonable accommodation. The reviewing authority may approve an alternative to the requested reasonable accommodation if the alternative would also allow an equivalent level of access or use to the residence but also reduce the impacts to neighboring properties or the surrounding area. The written determination is final unless appealed. The City Planning Division has received very few requests for reasonable accommodations. Only one was received and approved during the prior Housing Element planning period. Because reasonable accommodations are a valued way to allow residents to age in place and remain in their homes, the Housing Plan contains a program to publicize the program to increase participation. 444 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 55 4.3.3 Residential Development Standards The City requires adherence to residential development standards, building codes, and other requirements as a condition of building housing in Moorpark. As described herein, these standards are designed to maintain the quality of housing built in the community. Additional flexibility is offered for projects that meet community goals, including the production of affordable housing. Residential Development Standards The zoning code (Title 17of the MMC) provides residential development standards for different types of housing. The zoning districts are the City’s codes and regulations by which it controls and permits activities and the physical form of structures. The zoning districts are more stringent than the land use designations because they apply the general vision of the land use element to reflect the specific characteristics, opportunities, and challenges for each property. Table 4-23 provides a summary of the residential development standards for the primary residential, commercial, and mixed-use zones. Table 4-23 Residential Development Standards Open Space Rural Residential Urban Residential Standards OS | AE R-A R-E R-O R-1 R-2 R-P-D1 Building Standards Density (maximum) 0.1 | 0.25 1.0 2.0 4.0 7.0 15.0 16-20 Unit size (minimum) n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s n/s Structure height max) 35’ | 35’ 35’ 35’ 35’ 35’ 35’ 35’ Lot Standards Net lot area (sqft.) 10 | 40 ac 1 ac 20,000 10,000 6,225 6,500 By permit Max lot coverage (%) 20 | 10 35 35 35 50 50 By permit Lot Width 110’ | 110’ 100’ 80’ 80’ 60’ 60’ By permit Lot Depth 150’ | 150’ 150’ 100’ 100’ 100’ 100’ By permit Building Setback Front Yard Setback 20’ | 20’ 20’ 20’ 20’ 20’ 20’ 20’ Side Yard (Interior lot) 10’ | 10’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 5’ Side Yard (Street lot) 10’ | 10’ 10’ 10’ 10’ 10’ 10’ 10’ Rear Yard Setback 15’ | 15’ 15’ 15’ 15’ 15’ 15’ 15’ Residential Parking (See Table 4-23) Source: Moorpark Municipal Code, 2020. 1 R-P-D zoning and development standards for lot standards will vary depending on the size of the lot, environmental features, and ultimate density sought. Final standards are agreed upon through an approved development agreement. 445 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 56 Parking Standards Adequate parking is an important component of well-designed residential development and is intended to contribute to the value of a project; the safety of residents; and the project’s appearance and livability. The City’s parking regulations are also intended to promote efficient land use, reduce street congestion and traffic hazards, promote vehicular and pedestrian safety, and improve the ability to finance a project. Table 4-24 lists the parking requirements for residential developments and the following text analyzes the impact of standards on housing and proposes programs to address needed changes. Table 4-24 Residential Parking Requirements Housing Type Base Parking Standard Guest Parking Requirement Cumulative Spaces Per Unit Dwellings, single or two units on an individual lot 2 garage spaces for dwellings < 2,800 sq. ft. None Required 2.0 spaces 3 garage spaces for dwellings > 2,800 sq. ft. 3.0 spaces Dwellings, multiple (greater than 2 units) 1 covered space per bachelor/studio unit 0.5 space/du 1.50 spaces 1.75 covered space for each 1-bedroom unit Incl. guest parking 1.75 spaces 2 spaces per 2-bedm unit, 1 in a garage 0.5 space/du 2.50 spaces Mobile Home Parks 2 tandem spaces in a garage/carport 1 space per 4 mobile homes 2.25 spaces Care Facilities < 12 people in a single-family home 2 spaces in a garage None Required 2 spaces Care facilities not in a single-family home 1 space per 2 beds plus 1 space for each 500 square feet None Required Depends on unit size Farmworker dwellings 1 off-street covered space for each home + one space for each 3 beds in group quarters 1 space Senior housing restricted for residents 55 years plus 0.5 spaces per dwelling unit (0.25 spaces in a garage or carport) None Required 0.5 spaces Emergency shelters Not explicitly stated Transitional/Supportive Hsg Not explicitly stated Low Barrier Navigation Cntr Not explicitly stated Mixed Use Developments Not explicitly stated Single-Room Occupancy Not explicitly stated Accessory Dwelling 1 parking space, + required parking for the existing single-family unit on the same lot. None Required Source: Moorpark Municipal Code, 2020. Note: Handicap parking must be provided where required by the California Accessibility Code. 446 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 57 Residential parking space requirements can, if too stringent and not related to consumer demand or project needs, affect the cost and supply of housing to the extent that such standards make it infeasible to obtain the requisite density or revenue necessary to finance new projects. However, the City of Moorpark has not received specific comments from residential developers that the City’s current parking space requirements constrain the production of market rate or affordable housing. In fact, the City Council has approved the following pipeline residential projects which meet all City parking requirements without any adjustments (e.g., variance, exceptions, etc.), demonstrating the appropriateness of City standards:  Beltramo –three- and four-bedroom unit single family homes  Everett Street Condos – two- and three-bedroom unit condominiums  Green Island Condos – two-and three-bedroom unit condominiums  Hitch Ranch Apartments – bedroom unit mix forthcoming To facilitate residential development, the City has at times, reduced parking standards through development agreements to encourage the production of affordable housing. Parking waivers may be granted by the City Council after review and recommendation by the Planning Commission. However, the procedural requirements for a parking waiver are the same as for a variance (MMC §17.44.040(C)). This process can, in some cases, take considerable time due to the public hearing requirements. Although the City has had recent successes in accommodating residential development, a review of current city municipal codes identified the need to make clarifications in its parking standards. Progam #30, Parking Modifications, details several specific action items to be undertaken:  Accessory dwelling units. Amend zoning code to permit ADUs as a by-right use on any lot that allows single- or multifamily housing or mixed-use zone in accordance with Gov’t Code §65852.2(a); make other code amendments, including parking, as required by HCD to comply with state law.  Homeless housing. Amend zoning code to modify parking standards for emergency shelters and reduce the 500 foot spacing requirement to 300 feet, as required by Gov’t Code §65583 (a)(4)(A)(ii) and §65583 (a)(4)(A) (v). Also, clarify parking standards for transitional and supportive housing.  Mixed uses. Develop a process and standard to address the parking requirements for mixed use developments that accommodate parking needs of both uses in a flexible and market driven manner.  Density bonus. Update City’s density bonus ordinance, including provisions for reduced/modified parking spaces, to comply with recently enacted state law (AB 2345, SB 290, and others).  Parking reduction requests. Amend municipal code to allow for administrative reduction in parking space requirements pursuant to applicant’s parking study; forward staff recommendations to the appropriate project hearing body for consideration. 447 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 58 Analysis of Development Standards The following is an analysis of all relevant land use controls as potential constraints on a variety of housing opportunities, including but not limited to: building standards, lot standards, building setbacks, open space, and parking in order to identify standards or regulations that might constrain or limit maximum density or the development of housing. Key findings are as follows.  Building Standards. The City’s municipal code includes conventional single- and multiple-family residential zones, each with progressively greater levels of allowed residential densities. The highest density zone, RPD-20, allows for a density of 16 to 20 units per acre. As discussed later, this density has been successfully applied to various apartment projects to facilitate the production of affordable housing. The municipal code regulates building height in feet; there are no limitations regarding the number of stories as long as height limits are not exceeded.  Lot Standards. Maximum lot coverage is 35% for housing in single-family residential zones, 50% in multifamily residential zones, and potentially greater in RPD zones depending on the specifications of the permit. Building setbacks are common to most cities and include a 20-foot front yard setback, a 15-foot setback for the rear yard, and small 5- to 10-foot side setbacks. These lot standards are typical for Ventura County cities and are suitable for most residential developments. The City is developing an ordinance to allow exceptions, if needed, at the request of developers.  Open Space. The municipal code does not require a specific open space standard for housing; it is regulated by the maximum lot coverage. There are no specific “on-site” open space standards—such requirements would be proposed with and regulated through an RPD permit. As authorized by state law, developers are required to pay a Quimby Fee to dedicate funding or land commensurate with the amount of park and recreational facilities that would reasonably serve the new residential structure(s). Otherwise, open space is determined by lot coverage and setback requirements.  Parking. As stated in the prior table, parking standards are graduated based on the size and number of bedrooms. For multiple-family housing, the parking standard is also graduated and includes: one (1) covered space for each studio or bachelor unit, 1.75 covered spaces for each one-bedroom unit, and two (2.0) spaces for each two-bedroom unit, one of which is in a garage. All multiple-family units (EXCEPT one bedroom units) require 0.5 guest spaces per unit. As such, the “effective” one-bedroom requirement is only 1.25 parking space/unit (assuming the 0.5 guest space/unit requirement is added to it. Therefore, a normal mixed unit project would average two or fewer spaces per unit. The City’s development standards have not, individually or cumulatively, constrained housing production. While meeting all requirements can be challenging for infill sites where the land use is being intensified above its current use, the City has the ability to modify such standards through the exception process. Furthermore, the City will be adopting a citywide 15% inclusionary ordinance that applies to all parcels. Therefore, any project that meets this requirement would be eligible for a state density bonus and entitled to by-right modifications of development standards, including parking noted above. 448 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 59 Flexibility in Development Standards The MMC offers provisions for obtaining relief from the strict application of residential development standards. These zoning code provisions include the variance and administrative exception, which are detailed in MMC §17.44.040, Discretionary Permits. These provisions are distinct from modifications allowed through a density bonus because neither tool requires the provision of affordable housing. Variance A variance may be granted to allow deviations from residential standards such as setbacks, height, lot coverage, lot area and width, signs, off-street parking, landscaping and wall, fencing, and screening standards. A variance may not be granted to authorize a use or activity as a substitute to an amendment to these zoning regulations. Except when a variance is filed as part of a planned development permit or conditional use permit, variance requests are heard and decided by the Planning Commission through a public hearing process. Prior to approving, conditionally approving, or denying an application for a variance, the Planning Commission adopts written findings by resolution and based upon substantial evidence in view of the whole record to justify the decision. The decision-making authority may approve, conditionally approve, deny or modify, wholly or partly, the application being reviewed. Given the findings and process required for obtaining a variance, however, this tool is not often used. Administrative Exception An administrative exception may be granted by the community development director for minor adjustments to the zoning regulations. An administrative exception may be granted only once from the development code or approved PDP and may be granted only in the following situations:  To allow a decrease of up to 20% in any required minimum setback, provided that such exception may be granted only once from the minimum standard adopted by this code.  To allow walls, fences or hedges to exceed the height limit regulations by a maximum of one foot in setback areas, except in a required sight triangle.  To allow an increase up to 10% for maximum building coverage, sign area, or sign height. Conversations with developers emphasized the need for exceptions to facilitate the development of housing. Given the irregular shape and size of individual parcels, concern arose about the difficulty of finding an appropriate site and then “parking it” before determining the layout and building footprint that can be accommodated. While the density bonus program allows for parking reductions for affordable projects, there is not a similar provision for market rate projects, particularly townhomes. In addition, open space requirements can be challenging given drainage standards that require onsite percolation. The administrative exception is not often used. The Housing Plan contains a program to review the administrative exception process to determine whether additional flexibility in existing development standards and other development standards is warranted in this code provision. 449 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 60 Suitability of Zoning for Affordable Housing Pursuant to Government Code §65583.2(c)(3), the Housing Element must demonstrate the adequacy of density standards to accommodate a city’s regional need for all income levels. To meet this statutory requirement, the Housing Element should provide an analysis demonstrating how adopted densities accommodate the regional housing need for lower income households. The analysis shall include, but is not limited to, factors such as market demand, financial feasibility, or information based on development project experience within a zone or zones that provide housing for lower income households. Government Code §65583.2(c)(3)(B) allows local governments to use “default” density standards that are “deemed appropriate to accommodate housing for lower income households.” The default density option is not a mandated density. The default density standard provides a streamlined option for local governments to meet the density requirement. No analysis to establish the appropriateness of the default density is required, and the HCD must accept that density as appropriate in its review. The default density for Ventura County is currently 20 dwelling units per acre under state law. The default density of 20 units per acre continues to be appropriate for Moorpark. During the past decade, the City has been successful in facilitating and encouraging the production of affordable units in the RPD-19 and RPD-20 zones. Table 4-25 lists three recent projects developed and approved during the 4th, 5th, and the 6th cycle Housing Elements that are affordable to lower income households. Table 4-25 Suitability of RPD-20 Zone for Affordable Housing Affordable Projects Charles Street Walnut Avenue Essex (Vendra) Characteristics Year Built 2012 2018 Approved 2021 Zoning District RPD-20U RPD-20U RPD-19U Project Units 20 24 200 Project Density Achieved 21 24 18.9 Percent of Maximum Density 100%+ 125% 100% Incentives Donated Land Yes Yes No Fee Deferred/Waiver Yes Yes Yes Density Bonus Yes Yes No Regulatory/Financial Incentives Yes Yes Yes Source: City of Moorpark, 2020. 450 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 61 Affordable Housing Incentives The MMC §17.64.010 was enacted to encourage the provision of housing affordable to very low, low, and moderate-income households. Specifically, the City’s intent is not only to encourage the provision of housing affordable to very low, low, and moderate-income households, but to encourage the provision of housing for senior citizens, transitional foster youth, disabled veterans, and homeless persons, consistent with the latest adopted Moorpark General Plan, the requirements of Government Code §65915 et seq., and the MMC. Under §17.64.030, the City Council shall grant a density bonus and, if requested by the applicant, concessions or incentives and/or waivers or reductions of development standards and/or parking ratios for eligible residential and mixed-use commercial development projects in accordance with state density bonus law and this chapter through the approval of a residential or mixed-use commercial planned development permit, development agreement in accordance with Chapter 15.40 of the MMC, and/or disposition and development agreement, and a housing agreement. For density bonuses higher than required by state law, the City Council must find that: (a) the project will help to meet a local housing need for family housing as identified by the Housing Element of the General Plan; and (b) the project will be compatible with surrounding development. The City Council may grant density bonuses higher than required by state law in accordance with the following standards:  When 100% of units in a housing project are restricted as affordable to low- or very-low-income households for the project’s life, a density bonus up to 100% greater density than allowed by the existing zone may be granted by the City Council when considering project entitlements. The 100% density bonus is inclusive of all density bonuses allowed under state and local law.  When at least 60% of units in a housing development project are restricted as affordable to low- or very-low-income households for the life of the project, a density bonus up to a maximum of 75% greater density than allowed by the existing zone may be granted by the City Council when considering project entitlements. The 75% density bonus is inclusive of all density bonuses allowed under Government Code §65915 et seq. and Chapter 17.64 of the zoning code.  Density bonuses higher than required by state law may not be granted for age-restricted senior housing projects and housing projects for foster youth, disabled persons, and homeless persons. Concessions and/or incentives determined by the City Council necessary in order to develop affordable units in lieu of or in addition to density bonuses may include, but are not limited to: a) a reduction in development standards by an amount not to exceed 20%, or a reduction in architectural design requirements beyond the minimum standards adopted by the City; and b) other regulatory incentives or concessions proposed by the developer or the City, which result in identifiable cost reductions. The Housing Plan contains a program to review and revise the density bonus provisions to accommodate recent changes in state law since municipal code provisions were last updated in 2017. 451 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 62 Affordable Housing Production and Preservation Inclusionary Housing The City’s practice has been to require that 10 to 15% of all units in Specific Plan projects and 15 to 20% of all units in projects in the former redevelopment area be affordable to low and moderate-income households. Through a negotiated development agreement and affordable housing agreement, developers unable to provide onsite or offsite units are assessed in-lieu fees based upon the estimated cost of providing affordable units, or acquiring units or building units off-site, or providing land donations. The City Council’s fee expenditure policy prioritizes how in-lieu housing fees should be spent: 1) first priority, for affordable housing production; 2) second priority, for subsidies for affordable housing; 3) third priority, for housing rehabilitation; and 4) fourth priority, for housing assistance. The City’s inclusionary program has been successful in creating affordable ownership and rental housing. Recent examples of affordable housing properties include the following: 1) 62 units of very low, low, and moderate-income affordable units at the Waterstone Apartments; and 2) 28-units affordable to lower income households at the Waverly Place Townhomes. While successful in facilitating affordable housing, the program is limited and covers only a portion of the City. Moreover, the program is initiated when a development agreement is required—such as when a developer proposes a project that requires a legislative action. In practice, these discretionary actions extend the timeframe required to approve projects, adding significant costs. The Housing Plan proposes a program to develop an inclusionary program that can be applied citywide and that will be accompanied by a nexus fee. Affordable Housing Preservation In addition to building housing, the City has been successful in preserving its existing affordable homes. As of 2022, the City has 725 units of affordable housing, which includes its one mobile home park. As discussed earlier in this element, the City has negotiated long-term covenants on its affordable projects. These covenants and affordability agreements help to stabilize the supply of affordable rental and homeownership properties, many of which are affordable to extremely low, very low, and low income individuals and families. The City’s 725 affordable housing units are preserved for the long term (through at least the 7th cycle planning cycle), and new projects coming online have covenants of similar length. As such, there are presently no apartment properties at risk of conversion from lower income uses. The City has enacted a condominium conversion program to preserve apartment properties or mitigate displacement. While many of the provisions mirror state law, the City’s ordinance contains additional protections. For instance, an application for a condominium conversion must, among other items, ensure that a minimum of 20% of the units are or will be reserved for the life of the project as affordable, consisting of 10% low income units and 10% very low income units. The affordability of the units is guaranteed through a recorded affordable housing agreement between the property owner and the City. In addition, a conversion can occur only when it is below the vacancy rate set forth in the General Plan at the time of approval. These provisions help to stabilize the rental housing market. 452 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 63 Building Codes and their Enforcement The California Health and Safety Code requires cities to adopt the most recent edition of California Building Standards Codes (known as Title 24) related to building standards for buildings, building equipment, and other features. These codes are updated every three years by the California Building Standards Commission based on amendments proposed by various regulatory and professional organizations. The most recent edition of the building codes was for 2019 and was effective January 1, 2020. These codes replace the 2016 edition previously codified in the MMC. In 2019, the City Council adopted Ordinance No. 474, adopting the California Building Codes (with amendments as allowed) as part of the MMC. This includes the 2019 version of the Ventura County Fire Code and the 2018 International Property Maintenance Code. Other codes adopted included the 2019 version of the California Building Code, Residential Code, Plumbing Code, Mechanical Code, Electrical Code, Green Building Code, Energy Code, and Historical Building Code. These codes reflect amendments made since the 2016 model codes were adopted. Cities may adopt revisions to address local topographic, climatic, or hazards within their community. In addition, the legislature passed AB 2911 related to construction of new buildings and structures, and with vegetation and brush management to reduce the potential for wildfires in hazard zones. The City’s amendments to the code include stricter standards for foundation design, swimming pools, expansive soil conditions, fire-resistive construction, unreinforced footings, and engineered truss systems. Amendments to the Fire Code address state requirements of the Board of Forestry and Fire Protection. These amendments are not unlike other jurisdictions in the vicinity of the City that have similar concerns. The Code Compliance Division is responsible for ensuring that properties and buildings are maintained in compliance with City codes. In that effort, Code Compliance staff coordinates compliance actions with the Building and Safety Division, Engineering Division, Police Department (County Sheriff), City Attorney, and other City departments. The Code Compliance Division responds to citizen complaints and conducts surveys to identify, investigate, and remediate municipal code violations, housing and occupancy violations, property maintenance concerns, and other public nuisances. The City does not target code compliance efforts in any one neighborhood, but responds based on complaints. The Code Compliance Division works with the community to investigate and resolve violations of the MMC; conditions of approval; and local, state, and federal law. On March 7, 2012, the City Council adopted Resolution 2012-3091 establishing Policy 4.3: Code Compliance Program, to create a clear and concise guide to achieve and maintain compliance with the MMC. This guidance is provided on the City’s website to ensure clarity about expectations for property conditions and the process for addressing code compliance issues in the community. In summary, the City’s building and property maintenance codes are similar to those in surrounding cities and are enforced in a uniform and consistent manner, and therefore are not considered constraints to the feasibility of developing, maintaining, or improving housing in Moorpark. 453 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 64 Opportunities for Energy Conservation Government Code §65583(a)(7) requires an assessment of housing needs and inventory of resources and constraints, including an analysis of opportunities for energy conservation with respect to residential development. This section inventories and analyzes the opportunities to encourage the incorporation of energy-saving features, energy-saving materials, and energy-efficient systems and design for residential development. Maximizing energy efficiency/conservation can contribute to reduced housing costs, promote sustainable community design, reduce dependence on vehicles, and reduce greenhouse gases. The City incorporates energy conservation opportunities through its building codes, land use and zoning, permitting standards, and municipal codes:  Building Practices. The City adopted the 2019 editions of the Green Building Standards Code and the California Energy Code, published by the International Code Council. These codes govern the development, improvement, and rehabilitation of housing with respect to energy efficiency and conservation. According to the California Energy Commission’s FAQs, the 2019 standards will increase the cost of building a new home by $9,500 (but will save $19,000 in energy and maintenance costs over three decades) and add about $40 per month for the average home based on a 30-year mortgage (but save consumers $80 per month on heating, cooling, and lighting bills).  Permitting Standards. The City adopted an expedited, streamlined permitting process for small residential rooftop solar energy systems and electric-vehicle charging stations in compliance with §§65850.5 and §65850.7 of the Government Code (Ord. 455 §2, 2017; Ord. 435 §2, 2015). The permit process, standard plan(s), and checklist(s) substantially conform to recommendations for expedited permitting, including checklist and standard plans in the California Solar Permitting Guidebook adopted by the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research.  Clean Power Procurement. The City is a member of the Clean Power Alliance, a nonprofit entity, formed through a joint powers authority and made up of 31 public agencies to bring clean, renewable power choices to communities. Clean Power Alliance offers three rate options—Lean Power, which provides 36% renewable content at the lowest possible cost; Clean Power, which provides 50% renewable content at competitive; and 100% Green Power, which provides 100% renewable content at a higher cost. The City’s default option is Clean Power.  Planning and Zoning. In 1994, the City adopted the R-P-D zone. The intent was to encourage: 1) coordinated neighborhood design and compatibility with existing or potential development of surrounding areas; 2) efficient use of land, particularly through the clustering of housing and the preservation of the natural features of sites; 3) variety and innovation in site design, density, and housing options, 4) lower housing costs through the reduction of street and utility networks; and 5) a more varied, attractive and energy-efficient living environment as well as greater opportunities for recreation than would be possible under other zone classifications. The RPD has become the primary method of reviewing developments with five or more units in Moorpark. 454 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 65 Design Review Design review is accomplished through three means—specific plans, through the RPD process for projects of five units or more, or through specific requirements of overlay zones. The design review process for all projects begins with a joint application submitted to the Community Development Department. City staff meet with the developer to discuss the project and, upon request by the applicant, provide appropriate direction and example projects that meet City design standards. Once the project schematics are completed, staff reviews the application to make sure it is complete, then prepares a written report assessing the overall design and consistency with City development standards. Following staff review of the application, the Planning Commission then reviews the project to ensure it complies with the following findings:  Is consistent with the intent and provisions of the City’s General Plan and zoning chapter.  Is compatible with the character of surrounding development.  Would not be obnoxious, harmful, or impair the utility of neighboring property.  Would not be detrimental to the public interest, health, safety, and welfare.  Is compatible with the scale, visual character, and design of surrounding properties. The City of Moorpark does not have stand-alone residential design guidelines that are applied citywide. Instead, residential design standards are through a specific plan, overlay zone (safety or hillside related), or negotiated on a project-by-project basis during the development review process. At times, the lack of standards has resulted in delays for approving and conditioning applications for projects. While the City has historically been successful in facilitating the development of large-scale residential projects (e.g., Moorpark Highlands, Carlsberg, and Downtown mixed-use), the present process will be amended to address the requirements of recently enacted Gov’t Code §66300, effective January 1, 2020. Looking forward, the City seeks to provide greater certainty to the development community regarding the City’s expectations for residential development and comply with applicable state law. The State of California requires streamlined housing approval by establishing a by-right, ministerial approval process for multifamily residential development. An important step to streamlining project approvals is the replacement of subjective design “guidelines” with objective design “standards” required per state law. Senate Bill 35 (Government Code §65913.4) requires local governments to establish objective development and design standards to facilitate and encourage the development of residential uses. To comply with this legislation, the Housing Plan contains a program to draft and adopt objective development and design standards for all residential and mixed-use projects that can improve certainty for the development community, and also meet the City’s and community’s expectations regarding the quality of new housing projects that provide lasting quality of life for residents. 455 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 66 4.3.4 Development Permit Procedures The City’s development review procedures are designed to streamline permitting and ensure that residential development proceeds in an orderly manner and contributes to the community. Different mechanisms are used to approve residential projects based on the size, complexity, and potential impact. The approach is to allow by-right administrative approval for smaller projects with low potential for land use conflicts, with more complex projects being reviewed by the Planning Commission and City Council. The most commonly used planning and development permit processes are summarized below and are articulated in further detail in the MMC §17.44.040, Discretionary permits and exceptions. Zoning Clearance The zoning clearance is applied to projects that are allowed by right. It is used to ensure that the proposed development is consistent with the General Plan land use designation and meets requirements of the zoning code. The zoning clearance is a ministerial permit granted by the Director of Community Development without a public hearing. Approval is typically granted within one to three days from submittal of a complete application. Examples of projects requiring only zoning clearance include ADUs, large family daycare homes; room additions; fences and walls greater than six feet in height; retaining walls greater than three feet in height; swimming pools, wading pools and spas; and maintenance and minor repair to buildings involving structural alterations. Administrative Permit An administrative permit is required prior to the initiation of uses and structures in a given zone where review and approval by the Community Development Director (without a public hearing) is required to assure compliance with the provisions of the Moorpark Municipal Code. An administrative permit application is subject to site plan and architectural review. Projects typically include standard construction single-family homes to ensure that structures are compatible and meet existing codes. These projects typically qualify for minor CEQA clearance, such as a categorical exemption. Project approval is typically received within one month from the submittal of a complete application. To facilitate the approval of administrative permits, the City provides a standard application on its website. Conditional Use Permit A conditional use permit is required for certain residential/group quarters (e.g., mobile home parks, boarding houses, emergency shelters in residential zones) where adjacency and operational requirements are needed. Development projects are required to meet site development standards and submit site plans and architecture plans. For residential developments, the decision-making body is the Planning Commission, with appeals heard by the City Council. Typical review and approval time ranges from three to nine months, depending on project complexity and required CEQA review. The Planning Commission must make standard findings to approve a conditional use permit. To facilitate the review and approval of the conditional use process, the City Council makes a standard application available on its website. 456 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 67 Prior to approving, conditionally approving, or denying an application for a conditional use permit, the planning commission shall adopt written findings, by resolution, based on substantial evidence in view of the whole record to justify the decision. In order for a conditional use permit to be approved, the planning commission shall find that the proposed use:  Is consistent with provisions of the General Plan, zoning ordinance, and other applicable regulations.  Is compatible with both existing and permitted land uses in the surrounding area.  Is compatible with the scale, visual character, and design of surrounding properties.  Would not be obnoxious or harmful, or impair the utility of neighboring property or uses.  Would not be detrimental to the public health, safety, convenience, or welfare. Residential Planned Development Permit When Moorpark incorporated in 1983, the county’s zoning and development code was originally brought into the City’s zoning code. At that time, much of the City was zoned for agricultural purposes. Development sprang up quickly, and former agricultural lots were proposed for residential development. The two means for processing larger scale or higher density residential projects were either specific plans or residential planned development permits. These tools were suited to deal with the unique topography in Ventura County, environmental constraints, and the specific needs of developers and builders. Residential planned development permits are still required for new projects of five or more dwelling units and for projects associated with land subdivision, land use or zone change, or development agreement. As part of the RPD permit process, the City often negotiates development agreements with larger property owners and developers to obtain commitments to affordable housing, such as a 15% inclusionary housing agreement, “in-lieu” fees, or land donation for affordable housing. Over time, the RPD permit has been used to permit larger projects and obtain affordable housing. Many of the pipeline projects with affordable units were processed through the RPD permit process. Prior to taking an action for a planned development permit, the City Council shall adopt written findings, by resolution, based upon substantial evidence in view of the whole record to justify the decision. In order for a planned development permit to be approved, the City Council shall find that:  The site design, including structure location, size, height, setbacks, massing, scale, architectural style and colors, and landscaping, is consistent with the provisions of the General Plan, any applicable specific plans, zoning ordinance, and any other applicable regulations.  The site design would not create negative impacts on or impair the utility of properties, structures, or uses in the surrounding area.  The proposed uses are compatible with existing and permitted uses in the surrounding area. 457 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 68 Environmental Review The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and the State CEQA Guidelines are intended to enhance the long-term protection of the environment, encourage public participation in the process, and inform decision makers of the potential environmental impacts from a project. They present objectives, criteria, and procedures for the evaluation of proposed residential development projects. The form of environment review may include the preparation of a categorical exemption, negative declaration (ND), mitigated negative declaration (MND), or environmental impact report (EIR). For typical residential projects, the environmental review is often accomplished with an Initial Study IS/ND if the project is consistent with the General Plan, or an M/ND if impacts can be mitigated. However, an EIR is required for residential projects whose impacts that cannot be mitigated to the applicable threshold of significance. In general, these are larger projects that will require additional time due to the complexity involved with complying with CEQA, additional technical studies needed to assess the project impacts, and mandated public review. Complying with CEQA is required but adds to the overall development processing time. Time Frame The time frame for reviewing and approving permit applications and discretionary approvals is based on the location, potential environmental constraints, the need to ensure adequate provision of infrastructure and public facilities, and the impact of large-scale developments on the City. For larger projects subject to the RPD, the City allows concurrent processing of actions (e.g., General Plan amendment and zone change) to expedite processing of development applications. Table 4-26 lists time frames for the processing, reviewing, conditioning, and approving applications for residential development. Simultaneous entitlement processing is also provided to expediting the review process. These procedures ensure the development review process meets legal requirements without causing unwarranted delays. Table 4-26 Development Time Frames Permits and Review Timeframe Factors Affecting Time Pre-application Review 4 months Complexity; special study needs Variance 6 months Complexity and level of review Zone Clearance 1–3 days Scale of project Administrative Permit 1 month Completeness of application Conditional Use Permit 3–6 months Scale of project; environmental Planned Development 6–8 months Scale of project/completeness Subdivision Map 6–12 months Environmental/design issues Zone Change1 12+ months Complexity and level of review General Plan Amendment1 12+ months Complexity and level of review Environmental Impact Report1 12+ months Scale and complexity of project Source: City of Moorpark, 2020. 1 A negotiated development agreement is typically associated with these applications and can further impact the timing of the entitlements. 458 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 69 Initiatives to Mitigate Constraints As mentioned above, the cumulative time frame to process residential development projects varies. Projects requiring an RPD permit can be processed in less than a year, but if the project triggers a development agreement or other legislative action, the project can take two or three years. Smaller by- right projects can take well under a year to move through the development application process. The City has not received a Senate Bill 35 request for expedited permit processing, but a program will be included in the Housing Plan to develop a procedure for meeting timelines required under state law. In 2019, an audit was conducted of the City’s Community Development Department by Management Partners, which included an analysis of the entitlement and development permit process. The resulting report “Community Development Organizational Audit” includes a detailed analysis of the historic development process, a process map, analysis of technologies used and other aspects related to the overall process required of new development applications in the City. As a result, the report included an “Implementation Plan” with various tasks that were advisable to streamline development review, remove constraints, and ensure that development would have clear expectations outlined prior to application. Appendix A includes the management study and recommendations thereof. The City has begun implementing the Plan through the General Plan and Zoning Code Update. With the adoption of updated land uses and residential densities, the need for General Plan Amendments and Zone Changes will be far reduced, if no longer necessary, to develop in a manner consistent with the City’s vision. The Zoning Code update would include changes that would also streamline development review and remove constraints previously experienced during development in the City. For example, where a project may have required a legislative action to amend the General Plan or Zoning Code, the expectation is that the Land Use Plan would incorporate land uses and densities that would no longer require such legislative actions. As such, the current use of Development Agreements to negotiate the terms of the legislative change would no longer be used except in certain limited circumstances. By updating the General Plan and zoning, projects that comply with both would be streamlined through the Permit Streamlining Act. The City has begun to streamline permit application and processes, which includes online application submittal and future use of a comprehensive permit tracking software called Energov, which will likely be released by 2023. The City has also begun to streamline the internal review process of new applications through the Development Review Committee (DRC). In practice, development would have required numerous meetings and changes to work through the DRC process. Staff now aims to have a project reviewed no more than two times by the DRC prior to proceeding to hearing (once for site plan review and a second time for conditions of approval). Staff also makes review by the DRC available prior to the filing of a formal application, to ensure that potential developers are able to receive critical feedback up-front. Along with other implementations already accomplished, this additional coordination has streamlined the review of new applications in a more expedited way. Taken together, the City time frame to process applications, from submittal to entitlement will be significantly shortened and streamlined, facilitating new mixed-use and residential development. 459 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 70 4.4 Fair Housing Assessment This section addresses the fair housing requirements for Housing Elements. It begins with an overview of key requirements, describes outreach efforts to date, and then provides the requisite analysis. Programs to address concerns are detailed in the Housing Plan. 4.4.1 Introduction One of the most significant trends in state Housing Element law has been in the arena of fair housing. With the passage of AB 686 in 2019, all Housing Elements due on or after January 1, 2021, must contain an Assessment of Fair Housing (AFH) consistent with the core elements of the analysis required by the federal Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing (AFFH) Final Rule of 2015. AFFH means “taking meaningful actions that, taken together, address significant disparities in housing needs and in access to opportunity, replacing segregated living patterns with truly integrated and balanced living patterns, transforming racially and ethnically concentrated areas of poverty into areas of opportunity, and fostering and maintaining compliance with civil rights and fair housing laws” (Government Code §8899.50(a)). The California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) has issued guidance for incorporating fair housing into the update of the Housing Element. The following AFH conforms to these requirements, including its structure to address three primary areas required by the State.2  Fair Housing Assessment. A summary of fair housing issues, patterns of segregation, or other barriers to fair housing, and prioritization of contributing factors.  Sites Inventory. The identification of sites for housing to accommodate all income levels of the City’s RHNA that also further integrated communities (see Housing Resources Chapter).  Housing Programs. Programs that affirmatively further fair housing, promote housing choice for protected classes, and address contributing factors identified in the AFH. Before discussing fair housing issues in accordance with AB 686, the following provides a brief overview of the development history of the community that shaped the context for this assessment. Informative maps are also provided to support the findings of the fair housing assessment and can be found online at the California Department of Housing and Community Development website.3 2 Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing Guidance for All Public Entities and for Housing Elements, California Department of Housing and Community Development (April 2021 Update) 3 AFH maps can be accessed online at: https://affh-data-resources-cahcd.hub.arcgis.com/ Defining Fair Housing Choice Fair housing choice means that individuals and families have the information, opportunity, and options to live where they choose without unlawful discrimination and other barriers related to race, color, religion, sex, familial status, national origin, disability, or other protected characteristics. AFFH Guidance Memorandum, California HCD (2021) 460 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 71 History of Development Eight years prior to its incorporation, the town of Moorpark was established in 1900 between two agricultural communities: Fremontville, to the southwest, and Epworth, to the northwest. When the Southern Pacific Railroad announced plans to relocate its Coast Line route from Los Angeles to San Francisco by way of Chatsworth, through the Santa Susana Mountains, and on to Ventura, land speculation ensued. Robert W. Poindexter gave the Southern Pacific Railroad an easement through his property to allow the route. Poindexter and his wife, Madeline, surveyed the area and laid out the town site in 1900. Trains soon followed and a postal office was established. For most of the 20th century, and harkening to its past history, agriculture was the predominant industry in Moorpark. Throughout the first half of the century, Moorpark was known for its dry land farming for apricots. Its extensive apricot production endowed Moorpark with the title "Apricot Capital of the World." As irrigation techniques improved, however, walnuts and citrus became the major crops, the vestiges of which can be found in the namesake of parks and developments in the City. After World War II, the poultry industry became big business, with turkey, chicken, and egg ranches in the City. The town also became home to “Egg City,” a 200-acre and 3.5-million chicken farm that was the largest in the world. The town’s shops and businesses, small homes, and a school grew around the railroad depot, eventually establishing Moorpark’s downtown. The town’s race/ethnicity was predominantly White and Hispanic. Prior to World War II, the town was largely segregated. The town’s Hispanic population was concentrated in the Charles Street District, with the railroad tracks serving as a physical barrier dividing Hispanic and White populations. On either side of the tracks, Whites and Hispanics had their own businesses, segregated schools, and cultural celebrations. Hispanic residents living “out of town” established Virginia Colony between the railroad tracks and the Arroyo Simi where land prices were more affordable. Through the mid-1900s, Moorpark remained a very small town of less than 4,000 persons. Beginning in the early 1980s, the county approved large subdivisions, beginning with Peach Hill and Mountain Meadows, replacing former agricultural fields. Over the next decade, Moorpark’s population increased more than 500% as new residential subdivisions attracted families (primarily White) from the San Fernando Valley. By 1990, Whites made up 70% of Moorpark’s total population of 25,494 and the Hispanic population made up 20%. As White families populated Moorpark’s new suburban development, Hispanic residents remained the majority in the older downtown and Virginia Colony neighborhoods. The 1990s and 2000s saw the development and completion of several larger specific plans (e.g., Carlsberg and Highlands) over former agricultural land. In 1998, Moorpark also adopted the Downtown Specific Plan that encompasses the downtown area and the City’s oldest neighborhoods along and surrounding Moorpark Avenue and High Street, which envisions transforming downtown into a vibrant commercial and residential destination in the heart of the City. Ten large residential developments are planned for the upcoming decade. Looking forward, the City is undertaking a comprehensive General Plan update that will fundamentally shape community development priorities through the buildout of Moorpark. 461 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 72 4.4.2 Fair Housing Assessment To assess patterns of segregation and integration, this section contains an analysis of four characteristics: race and ethnicity, income, familial status, and population with a disability according to the American Community Survey (ACS), 2015-2019. Where data is available, updated 2020 census data is provided. Integration, Segregation, and Disproportionate Need Race and Ethnicity Moorpark’s history has followed a less typical pattern of demographic change. Prior to incorporation, Moorpark was largely an agricultural town; the City had 4,000 residents and 54% were Hispanic, primarily residing in the downtown. Following incorporation, Moorpark entered a significant period of growth with the development of larger residential subdivisions, attracting residents from nearby San Fernando Valley. Within less than a decade, Whites were the majority, comprising 70%, while Hispanics made up 22% of the population. Since then, and consistent with regional trends, Moorpark’s population has diversified. As of the 2020 Census, White residents comprise 50%, Hispanics 33%, and Asians 11% of the population. Today, Moorpark generally features a mixed Hispanic-White or Hispanic-White-Asian mix. The City continues to see a greater level of diversification in its population (Figure 4-7). However, the racial/ethnic mix in neighborhoods still show patterns of concentrations. Newer residential developments in north and south Moorpark have the highest concentration of Whites and Asians (see Table 4-27). However, Hispanics comprise the majority of residents in central Moorpark, the Downtown and Virginia Colony. The College Neighborhood shows the highest diversity of racial and ethnic groups. Of particular note, the Asian population has significantly increased in northern Moorpark in the past decade. Table 4-27 Predominant Population by Neighborhood General Neighborhood Percentage White Percentage Hispanic Percentage Asian Majority Race-Ethnic Championship-Gabbert-Hitch 49% 25% 18% White-Hispanic-Asian Moorpark Highlands 48% 32% 12% White-Hispanic-Asian College 52% 33% 8% White-Hispanic-Asian Downtown/LA Avenue north 12% 80% 5% White-Hispanic Downtown/LA Avenue south 42% 41% 8% White-Hispanic Virginia Colony 46% 45% 3% White-Hispanic Mountain View 65% 19% 8% White-Hispanic Peach Hill 66% 18% 8% White-Hispanic Carlsberg 67% 12% 12% White-Hispanic-Asian Sources: University of California, Neighborhood Index, figures updated for 2020 U.S. Census Note: Highlighted race and ethnicity denotes predominant group in the neighborhood 462 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 73 Household Income Moorpark is one of the most wealthy communities in Ventura; its median household income of $107,000 is second only to Thousand Oaks and is 125% of the county household median income of $88,000. As is the case countywide, income levels vary among different groups depending on age, education, and race. Moorpark’s White population earns a median income of about $108,000–nearly identical to the citywide median. Hispanics earn a median income of $82,000, which is 18% below the citywide median. Asians earn the highest median income of $132,000, which is 23% of the citywide median income. As shown in Figure 4-8, Moorpark neighborhoods can be grouped into three economic levels:  Highest Income. Moorpark neighborhoods north of downtown (Championship-Gabbert-Hitch Ranch, and Highlands) and in southern Moorpark (Mountain Meadows, Peach Hill, and Carlsberg) are associated with highly positive economic outcomes. These neighborhoods offer predominantly detached single-family homes and, in some limited areas, attached ownership products. Several of the neighborhoods have median household incomes exceeding $150,000–$180,000, but the population is still diverse and does not exclusively feature one race and ethnic group. These areas score similar to high resource cities in the east county, including Camarillo, Thousand Oaks, and Simi Valley.  Moderate-income. The College neighborhood in northeast Moorpark is associated with more moderate-high economic outcomes, and the median household income ranges from $97,000 to $118,000. This income level is considered within the moderate-income range for a four-person household based upon regional median incomes calculated by the State of California. The neighborhood includes a diversity of housing opportunities–single-family homes, condominiums, and townhomes–at prices that are generally affordable to more moderate-income households. The race and ethnicity of residents in these areas is generally a mix of Whites and Hispanics.  Lower Incomes. Like many communities across Ventura County, Moorpark has several areas with lower incomes that show the lowest economic outcomes. In the Los Angeles Avenue Corridor- Downtown neighborhood and Virginia Colony, the median household income is generally less than $72,000, which is considered low-income according to the State of California. In these areas, it is not uncommon for 40% to 60% of residents to be lower income. As noted, these areas features small-lot single-family homes, attached products, and apartments. Demographically, the population is predominantly and disproportionately Hispanic compared to other neighborhoods. Comparatively, Ventura County as a whole has block groups that are either predominantly White or Hispanic, typically coinciding with the county’s high- and low-resource areas, respectively. The eastern part of the county, inclusive of Thousand Oaks, Simi Valley, and Camarillo, is predominantly White. Cities with a substantial agricultural base (e.g., Oxnard, Santa Paula, and Filmore) have a predominantly Hispanic population, and are largely designated as low- and moderate-resource areas. The same finding applies to the unincorporated county along Highway 126 and southeast of Oxnard, which features both a predominantly Hispanic population and an agricultural base industry. 463 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 74 Racially/Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty and Affluence The AFH must analyze the distribution of household income across the community, with particular attention to how it correlates with concentrations of race and ethnic groups. The purpose is to identify areas of racial/ethnic concentrated areas of poverty or affluence that may suggest fair housing concerns. The countywide population distribution shows a general trend of areas with predominantly White populations coinciding with high or highest resource areas, suggesting the County’s White population may have the highest access to positive outcomes in terms of health, economic, and educational attainment. The general trend for the County’s Hispanic population suggests the opposite, as areas with predominantly Hispanic populations coincide with moderate- or low-resource areas, which may lead to only somewhat positive outcomes (moderate-resource areas) or negative outcomes (low-resource areas) in terms of health, educational, and economic attainment. In areas of poverty, lack of access to educational and economic opportunity may perpetuate poverty, which can disproportionately impact communities of color more likely to live in areas of poverty, as seen in Ventura County. Areas of Poverty Moorpark does not contain any racially or ethnically concentrated areas of poverty (R/ECAPs). A R/ECAP is a federal designation developed by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) that is applied to areas in which 50% or more of the population identifies as non-White and 40% or more of the residents are living in poverty. While the northern portion of the Los Angeles Avenue Corridor/Downtown ia approximately 80% Hispanic, the prevalence of poverty is less than 10%. Therefore, these areas are not considered R/ECAPs. In Ventura County, a limited number of R/ECAPs are present in both the cities of Oxnard and Santa Paula, all coinciding with low resource-designated areas and predominantly Hispanic population. At least 50% of households in the R/ECAPs are renter-occupied and in Santa Paula, the R/ECAP correlates with the highest use of housing choice vouchers. Areas of Affluence Racially concentrated areas of affluence (RCAAs), while not formally defined, signify the opposite of R/ECAPs; that is, areas largely exclusive to non-Hispanic White households who earn the highest incomes. For this analysis, a RCAA refers to an area made up of at least 80% White households earning a median income exceeding 150% ($148,200) of the 2021 HCD median income for Ventura County since Ventura County’s median income trend is 150% higher than the statewide median. Moorpark’s neighborhoods south of the Arroyo (Mountain Meadows, Peach Hill, Carlsberg) are made up of predominantly White residents (70%) earning a household median income of $150,000–$185,000. The south side of Thousand Oaks features comparable median incomes with a majority White population (60% to 80%), with neighborhoods that could be considered RCAAs. Surrounding Ventura County, most areas that could be considered RCAAs are in coastal communities, such as Malibu in Los Angeles County. 464 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 75 Familial Status As shown in Table 4-3 of the Housing Needs Assessment, Moorpark is a family-oriented community, with family households representing 82% of all households in the City. Due to an increase in senior households over the past several decades, family households are largely married with no children (40% of family households). Family households that are married with children represent about 30% of family households and all other family households represent 12%. Nonfamily households represent an additional 18% of total households. The high presence of married couple families and the prospect of dual-income households likely correlates with the high price of housing. Countywide, Moorpark’s family composition is similar to Ventura County as a whole, whereby married families with children account for approximately 30% to 35% of total households in each community, except for the City of Ventura. However, there is a larger share of single-person households in the county. Figure 4-9 shows that of Moorpark households with children, at least 80% of those households have married parents in nearly all areas of the City, including all areas designated as highest resource. In contrast, the Los Angeles Avenue Corridor-Downtown shows a slightly lower percentage of households with married couples with children (60%–80%). But even then, the differences are not appreciable. Single-parent households with children represent a relatively small proportion of family households with children citywide (only 6%), which is half the county average and the lowest figure of any city in the county. This is likely due to the high cost of housing and limited number of apartment units. While there are variations throughout the community, with slightly higher variations in central Moorpark. This is likely because of the predominance of apartment rentals, which would likely be the most attainable type of housing for single-parent households. Still, the percentages of single-parent families shown do not reveal a disproportionate concentration compared to other communities in the broader region. Ruben Castro Charities (RCC) is the main provider of services to lower-income families and individuals. RCC is a non-profit community-based organization committed to eliminating generational poverty by fostering relationships, education, and agency coordination. Every week, two food pantries in Moorpark operated by Ruben Castro Charities serve approximately 610 individuals—including 160 children, 336 adults, and 114 seniors. RCC operates from two locations in the community–in Downtown Moorpark and near Moorpark College. First 5 and other organizations also operate out of the Ruben Castro Human Services Center, providing a wide range of services to Moorpark residents. 465 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 76 Population with Disability Moorpark has a relatively small population of persons living with a disability, about 9.6%, or 3,493 residents, have a disability (ACS 2015-2019). Figure 4-10 shows that certain areas have a slightly higher concentration of persons with a disability (between 10% and 15%). Countywide, the population with a disability represents a small percentage, with most cities similarly reflecting Moorpark (persons with disabilities comprising either less than 10% of the population, with some census tracts with a slightly more concentrated population, up to 20%). Camarillo and Ventura are the only cities with a census tract where 20–30% of residents have a disability, with the former largely attributable to its aging population. Though the prevalence of disabled individuals is relatively modest, community stakeholders indicated that there is a shortage of housing for people with disabilities in Moorpark as well as countywide. The Vintage Crest Senior Apartments and the Tafoya Terrace are the only two subsidized apartments with units accessible to people with disabilities. As of 2020, the Housing Authority reported 10 disabled persons lived in the Tafoya Terrace apartments and an additional 31 Moorpark residents with disabilities lived in housing with Section 8 assistance. The Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988 requires that all apartment properties built after 1991 have certain design features that make them readily adaptable for disabled residents, but the apartments themselves may not be accessible at this time. Community stakeholders indicated the need for the development of additional residential group homes. While the Municipal Code allows residential care facilities in accordance with state law, none are in the City. Part of the reason for the lack of residential care facilities is the expense of buying a single-family home. Second, most care facility operators depend on a mix of community day programs or services. Day care operators generally locate in larger communities where a greater population of people with disabilities live and can access such services via transit. Moorpark does not have a large enough population base of disabled residents to attract a nexus of community day service providers. Residential projects serving people with disabilities are in the pipeline. The 77-unit Oakmont Senior Living project, a market-rate housing project for seniors with age-related memory disabilities, is under construction. The 360-unit Aldersgate continuing care retirement community is also in the planning and approval stage. The City is also proposing to revise its municipal codes regarding the permitting of residential care facilities and review its reasonable accommodation provisions to accelerate the frequency of its use. The City continues to implement its Transition Plan and make improvements to its facilities, infrastructure, and services to facilitate use by people with disabilities. Oakmont Assisted Living, under construction. 466 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 77 Disproportionate Needs and Displacement Risk Overcrowding Moorpark’s rate of overcrowding is one of the lowest countywide; only 2% of homeowners and 6% of renters live in overcrowded situations. In comparison, overcrowding rates are comparatively low to Ventura County as a whole, where 3% of owners and 12% of renters lived in overcrowded housing. However, overcrowding in Moorpark is disproportionately concentrated in the Los Angeles Avenue Corridor-Downtown. Within the northern portion, 25% of households experience overcrowding (Figure 4-11). The prevalence of housing overcrowding in this subarea exceeds the overcrowding seen in other east county cities, including Simi Valley, Camarillo, and Thousand Oaks, and is reflective of the rate of overcrowding experienced in Oxnard, Santa Paula, and Ventura. The northern portion of the Los Angeles Avenue Corridor-Downtown is the City’s oldest neighborhood, with a mix of older single-family homes that are smaller in size and moderately priced. The area is predominantly Hispani, and earns a median income that is 75% of the citywide median. So, while the area provides the most affordable housing in Moorpark, the high rate of overcrowding suggests that appropriately sized housing may not be affordable to residents. The City has facilitated the development of affordable housing nearby, including ownership units, that are three- and four-bedroom units and can readily accommodate larger families. Income-restricted housing secured through the City’s negotiated inclusionary housing program allows lower-income households to afford housing. Overpayment Because of the price of housing, Moorpark’s rate of housing overpayment is also high. For Moorpark households, 30% of owners and 65% of renters overpay for housing (Table 4-12). The high prevalence of renter overpayment is due to a shortage in apartment units, low vacancy rates, and high rents–all which increase the risk of displacement. In comparison, Ventura County also has some of the highest housing prices in southern California and, as a result, 32% of homeowners and 55% of renters countywide also overpay for housing. As shown in Figure 4-12, rental housing overpayment is prevalent countywide; all cities show at least 20% of renting households experience overpayment and all cities have tracts where at least 60% of renting households experience overpayment. Within Moorpark, the supply of rental units is a key issue that affects housing overpayment. The City has only eight apartment properties, all located in the greater Downtown. Four properties provide deed- restricted affordable units. Of the four market-rate properties, three are Class A properties with a high level of amenities and high rents. In the Downtown, more than 6 in 10 renting households overpay for housing. To address this need and as highlighted in the discussion of the 2021-2029 RHNA, the Housing Plan proposes the development of hundreds of apartments near this area of Moorpark. One such example is the 200-unit Essex property, which just was approved for a low-income housing tax credit. The Housing Plan also provides a program to publicize the County housing choice voucher program. These efforts help address the limited supply of affordable rental properties in Moorpark. 467 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 78 Housing Conditions Housing in Ventura County was predominantly built between 1970 and 1979, comprising 23% of the county’s total housing stock. This predates Moorpark’s most significant period of housing development by a decade, with 47% of Moorpark’s housing stock built between 1980 and 1989 (Table 4-8). Typically, homes 30 to 50 years of age need repair and rehabilitation. Moorpark’s housing stock is generally in good condition, but there are pockets, as discussed below, that require maintenance and rehabilitation during the upcoming planning period. According to the 2020 Ventura County Regional Analysis of Impediments, “Ojai, Santa Paula, and the City of San Buenaventura have the largest proportions of housing units potentially in need of rehabilitation,” notably west Ventura County cities. Conversely, the east Ventura County cities of Moorpark, Camarillo, and Thousand Oaks have the lowest rates of substandard housing. As discussed in Section 4.2, housing stock greater than 50 years old is more likely to require substantial repairs or need renovation to meet current building codes. In Moorpark, housing exceeding 50 years of age is located in the City’s original neighborhoods in Downtown and Virginia Colony. These neighborhoods are historically Hispanic and continue to have a higher concentration of Hispanic population than the rest of the City, also coinciding with lower median incomes. In the downtown north of SR-118, housing conditions may be exacerbated by high rates of overcrowding. Villa Campesina, a 62- unit tract originally constructed as farmworker housing in 1989 and located in the southern portion of the Los Angeles Avenue Corridor has increasing need for housing and roadway maintenance. Homeless People The 2020 Ventura County Continuum of Care Alliance PiTC identified 1,743 homeless people countywide on their one-day census count, but did not report any persons experiencing homelessness in Moorpark. Other data sources find that Moorpark residents are experiencing homelessness or are precariously housed. Approximately 5 to 15 students in Moorpark schools were reported as living in shared housing, a hotel or motel, a temporary shelter, or unsheltered. Moorpark College staff indicate that up to 49% of college students experience housing insecurity (e.g., couch surfing, etc.) housed at some point during the college year. Ventura County’s Homeless Management Information System reported 43 households at risk of homelessness and 27 literally homeless households in Moorpark. Stakeholders and local homeless service providers echoed the underrepresentation of persons and families experiencing homelessness in Moorpark. Stakeholders identified the need to provide more housing opportunities for extremely low-income households and precariously-housed households to prevent possible displacement. The Housing Plan proposes a more affirmative program to: (1) review and revise existing municipal land use ordinances affecting housing for homeless people; (2) support a more robust homeless count to better understand the needs of this group; (3) and implement the memorandum of understanding with the County to implement its Pathways to Home program. 468 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 79 Displacement Risk Displacement risk refers to the risk of an involuntary move by a household due to landlord actions, market changes, or other disruptions outside the control of the household. For instance, displacement risk could be increased by one or more of the following conditions: 1) increasing levels of overpayment and overcrowding due to rising housing costs; 2) significant investment or disinvestment in housing, transportation, jobs, or physical infrastructure that results in people leaving their homes or neighborhood; or 3) vulnerability to local hazards and disaster (e.g., flood, fire, seismic, geologic, etc.). Displacement due to Housing Problems The Urban Displacement Project has identified the Los Angeles Avenue Corridor–Downtown neighborhoods as areas that are subject to a higher displacement risk. This is due to the high levels of renters and the higher prevalence and severity of housing overpayment and overcrowding. Nearby, similarly small areas of Thousand Oaks, Simi Valley, and Camarillo have “sensitive communities.” However, the vast majority of cities in western Ventura County have significant areas designated as sensitive communities due presumably to the high housing rents in much of Ventura County. Overpayment and overcrowding are indicators of displacement risk. In the northern portion of the Los Angeles Avenue–Downtown neighborhoods, from 2010 to 2019, overpayment declined from 70 to 62 percent among renters and from 30 to 26 percent among homeowners. In the southern half, the percentage of mortgage-paying homeowners who overpaid for housing declined from 47 to only 34 percent, but the prevalence of overpayment among renters increased from 53 to 68 percent. Overcrowding was prevalent (25 percent plus) in the northern (not southern) half of this neighborhood. While displacement risks continue to be a concern, the Housing Plan and AFH discussed later propose the following actions to mitigate displacement risk in this area:  Reinitiate the City’s homeownership programs and seek opportunities and funding sources to extend preferences or marketing strategies to improve homeownership among residents.  Develop affirmative marketing strategies for government-assisted homeownership and rehabilitation opportunities in neighborhoods with a high percentage of renters.  Seek collaborative partnership with nonprofits capable of making home repairs to expand housing rehabilitation and security within this neighborhood and Virginia Colony.  Encourage development of missing middle housing, including smaller courtyards, triplex/duplexes, cottage housing, and other small-lot developments to expand affordable housing options.  Develop more apartments with affordable inclusionary units to increase the supply of housing and reduce the incidence of market-driven rent escalation in neighborhoods.  Continue to encourage use of rental vouchers, preserve existing affordable housing, and implement condominium conversion protections to protect the supply of affordable housing. 469 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 80 Displacement Concern due to Historic Investment As has been noted in the housing element, the Los Angeles Corridor-Downtown and Virginia Colony are the oldest neighborhoods and date back more than 50 years before city incorporation. These areas have historically had the oldest infrastructure, housing, and community facilities. The City has targeted the areas identified as at risk for displacement with significant new investment. As discussed later under “Concentration of Fair Housing Issues,” the City targeted millions in funds to build hundreds of units of affordable housing for seniors, families, and disabled individuals. The City also invested in water and sewer infrastructure, rail transit, roadway rehabilitation, and commercial façade programs. The City continues to earmark funds to improve the physical and economic infrastructure in this area, which improves the quality of life and opportunities for residents. In 2022, the City will earmark approximately $8.0 million of ARPA funds for a new downtown Library, slated for construction in 2023. In 2025/2026, the City will refurbish playgrounds citywide including in parks. With respect to housing, the City has approved and anticipates the construction of the Aldersgate project (390 units for seniors and disdabled people), and will pass a $75 million bond to finance the development of Vendra Gardens, a 200-unit apartment property for low income families. As such, while these neighborhoods have had the greatest needs, the City continues to make investments to improve quality of life. Displacement Concern due to Hazards/Disasters Moorpark’s natural topography, while a source of beauty and community pride, is also susceptible to natural hazards that increase the risk of displacement of residents. The natural hillsides that frame Moorpark’s northern and southern flank are designated as a very high fire severity zone according to CALFIRE due to the terrain and natural vegetation. In addition, several earthquake faults cross the southern flank of the community while the northern hillsides are susceptible to earthquake induced landslides. The primary type of development in these areas is single-family residential development. The central portion of Moorpark, referred to as Los Angeles Corridor-Downtown, and Virginia Colony, is home to the majority of apartments, condominiums, mobilehomes, deed restricted affordable housing, and older single-family residential homes. This neighborhood has a high prevalence of renters, seniors, disabled residents, and lower income households. Unlike the periphery of the City, this area is designated as a flood zone and is subject to the 100-year or 500-year flood risks. The City has made strides toward protecting this area through the adoption of a floodplain management ordinance. To mitigate potential displacement concerns due to hazards, the City is updating its Safety Element as part of the update of the comprehensive General Plan. Policies will incorporate the most recent version of the Ventura County Hazard Mitigation Plan, Moorpark Annex, most recently certified by FEMA in 2022, into the Safety Element by reference, as permitted by California Government Code 65302.6. The City is updating evacuation routes and developing a multi-hazard evacuation plan, in coordination with surrounding cities, to ensure evacuation routes remain open and functional during emergencies. The City is also incorporating the Ventura County Fire Department Strategic Fire Plan into the Safety Element. 470 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 81 4.4.3 Assessment of Opportunity Community resources—their quantity, quality, and distribution—are known to affect opportunity for residents in a community. In some cases, the effect may be direct and immediate, such as an environmental hazard. In other cases, the effect may be long-term, such as the quality of education. As such, the California Government Code §65583 (10)(A)(ii) requires local governments to undertake an assessment of opportunities and resources available to a community as part of the AFH. To assist in that effort, the State of California has developed maps of access to community resources, such as job opportunities, schools, safe and clean neighborhoods, and other indicators to understand communities and provide evidence for making policies that can advance community objectives. This effort has been dubbed “opportunity mapping” and is recommended for all jurisdictions. Tax Credit Allocation Committee (TCAC)/HCD divides the state into regions and then develops scores for communities along their environmental, economic, and educational resources based on their relative standing in a region. Moorpark falls in the Central Coast region, which extends 300 miles north to Santa Cruz County. While the methodology and scoring has multiple levels and dimensions, the TCAC/HCD scorecard ranks communities into three general categories, with different subcategories for more nuanced scoring:  High(est) Resource: This category applies to the top 40% of highest-scoring census tracts. The highest resource categories, which include the top 20%, include Thousand Oaks and Ojai. In these areas, residents have access to highly positive outcomes in terms of health, economic attainment, and education attainment. Moorpark is designated as having “High(est) Resource.”  Moderate Resource: This category includes the next 30% of census tracts in the region. In Ventura County, Camarillo and Simi Valley include significant areas designated as “moderate resource.” Moderate Resource (Rapidly Changing) is a filter applied to census tracts based on index scores just below the High Resource threshold but experiencing rapid increases in key dimensions.  Low Resource: This includes the bottom 30% of remaining census tracts in the region. Cities in Ventura County that are largely designated as “low resource” include Oxnard and Santa Paula. This category is indicative of areas that may have limited access to positive environmental, economic, and education factors resulting in negative or perpetuated outcomes (e.g., poverty). As shown in Figure 4-14, the majority of Moorpark is designated in the high to highest resource areas, exemplified by access to educational, employment, environmental, and other resources that lead to positive economic, social, and health outcomes. The primary areas of concern are the older portions of the broader downtown and Virginia Colony. These older neighborhoods have the greatest infrastructure, economic, and social needs compared to surrounding newer neighborhoods. The following discussion provides an assessment of the type and distribution of opportunities in the community (economic, environmental, transit, etc.) and its implications for different neighborhoods. 471 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 82 Educational Opportunities The Moorpark Unified School District (MUSD) serves the entirety of the City of Moorpark, in addition to areas of unincorporated Ventura County surrounding Moorpark along SR-23 and SR-118. Moorpark Unified has 12 schools in the district, which include 5 elementary schools, a K-8 school, 2 middle schools, a high school, a “middle college” (high school-college dual enrollment program), a home independent study program, and an adult education program. As shown in Figure 4-15, the entirety of Moorpark features positive to highly positive outcomes for educational attainment, based on fourth-grade reading and math scores, high school graduation rate, and student poverty. When compared to Ventura County as a whole, Moorpark stands out as having access to positive outcomes for educational attainment. Camarillo is the only other city that features similar access to positive outcomes for educational attainment citywide. The other east county cities (Simi Valley and Thousand Oaks) show disparities in access to educational attainment, with place of residency determining whether students have access to positive or negative outcomes for educational attainment. In the western county, the cities of Oxnard, Santa Paula, and Fillmore uniformly feature poor access to positive educational outcomes, coinciding with the county’s predominantly low- and moderate-resource areas. Poverty, housing instability, and food security, among other factors, can in turn affect school performance. Each year, the California Department of Education publishes performance metrics for each school, including student assessment results for English Language Arts (ELA) and Math as they compare to the state on meeting grade-level standards. Reporting of educational indicators was suspended in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic; therefore, 2019 is the most recent data available. In 2019, 38% of MUSD students qualified as socioeconomically disadvantaged, measured by the number of students eligible for free or reduced-priced meals or have parents/guardians who did not receive a high school diploma. A majority of Moorpark’s socially disadvantaged students fell below the grade-level standard for ELA (55%) and math (55%) and had higher rates of chronic absenteeism (10%) than other student population groups, including English Learners (7%) and White students (7%). Improving housing stability for lower- income families with children, particularly extremely low-income households, may support academic performance for socially disadvantaged students and increase access to positive outcomes for educational attainment overall. Moorpark’s Housing Plan can help further housing security by providing a significant number of deed restricted affordable housing for lower income households. Moorpark residents have steadfastly supported local bond measures to improve public schools. In 2002, voters passed Measure R for $33 million. In 2008, voters approved Measure S, a second bond issuance of $39.5 million. Priorities for this bond were split between 21st century technology in classrooms, remodel and upgrades at Moorpark High School, and maintenance projects throughout MUSD. A Citizens Bond Oversight Committee was established to monitor expenditures, progress, and annual financial and performance audits. MUSD also prepares an annual Local Control and Accountability Plan (LCAP) that sets aside additional funding to target at-risk and lower-performing students districtwide. 472 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 83 Economic Opportunity Moorpark is known for strong economic opportunity. According to TCAC/HCD maps, economic opportunity reflects not just proximity to jobs, but the prevalence of poverty, (un)employment rates, and educational levels. The City does have access to local and regional jobs, as shown in Figure 4-16, and most residential neighborhoods across the City are associated with the highest economic tiers and highly positive economic outcomes, indicating these neighborhoods have few barriers to economic mobility. The only exceptions to this pattern are the Los Angeles Avenue Corridor/Downtown and College neighborhoods, but for different reasons than job proximity. Key markers of economic opportunity are as follows:  Household Poverty. Poverty is a key indicator of economic opportunity. Citywide, the poverty rate is very low, at only 4.4%. Within Moorpark, the number of individuals living in poverty ranges from 1% to 4% per census tract. The main concentrations of poverty are in the downtown neighborhoods, where the poverty rate ranges from 5% to 11%, or within the eastern portion of Moorpark College neighborhood where the poverty rate stands at approximately 6%. Again, though, the overall poverty rate is low in Moorpark, particularly in relation to the county as a whole.  Employment. Moorpark is known for a low unemployment rate of 4%; however, it ranges between 1% to 9% in neighborhoods according to the 2015-2019 ACS. Moorpark’s unemployment rate is below the 5% countywide rate, and one of the lowest behind Camarillo, Simi Valley, and Thousand Oaks, but better than Oxnard and Ojai, which exceeds 6%. In downtown, the unemployment rate ranged from 5.0–6.8%, but exceeded 9.0% in the Villa Del Arroyo and Virginia Colony areas. It should be noted that unemployment figures at the neighborhood level do not take into account the COVID pandemic.  Education. According to the 2015-2019 ACS, Moorpark residents 25 years and older are well educated – approximately 45% have a bachelor’s or higher degree–the second-highest rate in the county behind Thousand Oaks (51%) and higher than the county (33%). The prevalence of residents with bachelor’s degrees in comparison cities include 42% for Camarillo, 36% for Ventura, and 34% for Simi Valley. At the other end, a small share of Moorpark’s residents do not have a high school diploma or equivalency (9%), behind Thousand Oaks (6%), Camarillo (7%), and Simi Valley (8%). However, the lack of a high school diploma/equivalency is highest in Downtown (35%) and Virginia Colony.  Employment Access. Moorpark has a smaller employment base due to the size of the community as most employees commute to other cities in the region for work; nearly 9 of every 10 workers commutes, which is typical for a suburban community. The average commuting time is just under 30 minutes. According to HUD’s job proximity index, much of the City is located within a reasonable distance to job centers, with the exception of southern Moorpark. While of note, the proximity of employment access, when overlaid onto TCAC’s economic score map, does not align well, suggesting that job proximity may not be a significant determinant of economic opportunity in Moorpark. 473 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 84 Transportation Public transportation options in the City are varied and include rail, local fixed-route bus, county intercity express bus, paratransit, and dial-a-ride services. The Moorpark train station along High Street within the Downtown area is served by both Metrolink’s Ventura County Line and Amtrak’s Pacific Surfliner. The station has 270 free parking spaces, charging stations, and bicycle parking. Metrolink has approximately 200 boardings and alightings (200 round trips) per weekday, particularly frequented by commuters. Amtrak has approximately 50 combined boardings and alightings per day. The City of Moorpark’s local transit service is called “Moorpark Transit.” The City began financing its bus service in January 1989 with the 1/4-cent sales tax authorized by the Transportation Development Act. Moorpark Transit is a fixed-route bus service that operates weekdays between 6:15 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. Two routes are provided and are similar in the destinations served. Both routes run along the major roadways in the city–Los Angeles Avenue, Tierra Rejada Road, Moorpark Avenue, Spring Road, etc. The routes serve destinations such as City Hall, the Metrolink/Amtrak station, Moorpark College, shopping centers along Los Angeles Avenue, schools, and parks and recreational facilities. Countywide intercity express bus service is provided by Ventura County Transportation Commission (VCTC) Transit’s East County and Cross County Limited Services. East County lines use SR-23 and SR-118 to provide service south to Thousand Oaks and east to Simi Valley, and the Cross County Limited uses SR-118 to provide service east to Simi Valley and west to Somis, with further service provided to Camarillo, Oxnard, and Ventura via SR-34 and US-101. For both lines, stops in the City include Moorpark Station, the industrial district along Princeton Avenue (East County only), and Moorpark College. Both routes also intersect with other VCTC bus routes, linking Ventura County and the San Fernando Valley. Local paratransit that complies with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is available in the form of a dial-a-ride system to persons with disabilities who are certified by the City and VCTC. Travel within the City is available from 6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. on weekdays and Saturday service is available from 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Intercity paratransit to other Ventura County cities and connections to Gold Coast Transit and LA Access are available during the same time frame. Additional dial-a-ride services in the City are available for seniors aged 65 and over, with nearly identical service to paratransit, except without a connection to LA Access. Hours of operation are the same as other paratransit services. Transit accessibility has been a long-term issue for the county and individual communities that wish to expand transit options. To that end, the City recently approved the start of a Pilot Mobility On Demand Rideshare Program. The goal of the Pilot project is to explore the feasibility of replacing portions of the City’s fixed-route bus service with a general dial-a-ride service. The intent of the rideshare program is to provide more efficient service to the City’s residents at a reduced cost. Vehicles with a capacity of 8 to 12 passengers would pick up and drop off at designated “virtual stops” throughout the City. The service is anticipated to operate from 6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m., Monday through Friday. 474 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 85 Environmental Health and Safety Access to healthful environmental conditions is known to impact the health of residents. Among others, these conditions could be environmental (e.g., pollution or lack thereof), socioeconomic factors (e.g., resident health, education, income levels), or other factors. The State of California’s CalEnviroScreen tool is often used to identify these environmental, health, and socioeconomic conditions and compare a community’s “score” to cities statewide. A census tract with a score in the 75th percentile or above is considered a disadvantaged community. Ventura County’s disadvantaged communities are primarily located along Highway 126, corresponding with areas of high agricultural use, where poor environmental conditions are likely due to pesticide use, impaired water quality, and traffic or in areas with existing or prior industrial uses (Figure 4-17). To the east, the San Fernando Valley (from which many residents of Moorpark migrated from) is also known for its heavy industrial uses and disadvantaged status. Moorpark enjoys healthful environmental conditions in most neighborhoods; none score high (poor) enough to be considered a disadvantaged community according to CalEnviroScreen. However, the Los Angeles Avenue-Corridor-Downtown neighborhoods have the highest levels of pollution and poor socioeconomic conditions. These neighborhoods are the oldest in the City, constructed in Moorpark’s limited flatlands along the Arroyo Simi and bounded by significant hillsides that characterize northern and southern Moorpark. These areas are subject to poorer housing conditions (e.g., overcrowding, lead paint, etc.), pesticides from adjacent fields, impaired water along the Arroyo, and hazards from legacy industrial uses. Los Angeles Avenue, a major arterial and truck route frequented by 1,000 trucks daily, contributes to localized poor air quality. Socioeconomic conditions (e.g., low-income, overcrowding, low educational attainment, linguistic isolation, and other conditions) are prevalent. Moorpark is prone to significant hazards of fire, flooding, and fault lines, posing risk to existing and future residential projects. The Los Angeles Avenue Corridor-Downtown and Virginia Colony neighborhoods were developed in the City’s limited flat area, which has since been designated as a Special Flood Hazard Area. As discussed, the majority of proposed units to accommodate the 2021-2029 RHNA will be built in the southern portion of the Championship-Gabbert-Hitch Ranch neighborhood area, which falls outside of the Special Flood Hazard Area, but is within a very high fire hazard severity zone. The City’s building and planning departments require that residential projects be designed and built in accordance with building and development standards required by state and local code to mitigate these hazards. While the City does not have “disadvantaged communities” based on state-defined models, environmental conditions have a disproportionate impact on different neighborhoods. The Los Angeles Avenue Corridor-Downtown and Virginia Colony are most affected by both these underlying conditions. The City is undertaking the first comprehensive update to its General Plan in more than 30 years. As part of that effort, the General Plan will include a revised Safety Element, including safety and environmental justice policies, that will be designed to address the underlying environmental, social, and safety conditions that affect the quality of life in these two neighborhoods. 475 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 86 Fair Housing Enforcement and Outreach The City enforces fair housing and complies with fair housing laws and regulation through a twofold process: review of local policies and code for compliance with state law and the referral of fair housing complaints for investigation and resolution by the regional fair housing provider. Review of Local Policies The City reviewed its zoning regulations as part of preparation of the 2020 Ventura County Regional AI to ensure compliance with fair housing law, and will continue to regularly examine land use policies, permitting practices, and building codes to comply with fair-housing laws. Periodic reviews of the zoning regulations and policies confirm that, as the City grows and changes, it continues to ensure and enforce that all persons have access to sound and affordable housing. Regular reviews of policies and practices ensure that all persons have access to sound and affordable housing to the extent that such housing is available. The Housing Element will ensure compliance with fair housing law through the following:  Density Bonus Law (Government Code §65915 et seq.). Although the City has a density bonus ordinance, it has not been updated since 2017. The City will amend its density bonus program in accordance with AB 2753, 2372, 1763, 1227, and 2345 that were passed between 2018 and 2020.  No-Net-Loss (Government Code §65863). The City, through its General Plan update, will designate sufficient land to maintain adequate sites at all times during the planning period commensurate with its assigned RHNA and will periodically review its land inventory to ensure site availability.  Housing Accountability Act (Government Code, §65589.5). The City will not disapprove, or condition approval in a manner that renders infeasible, a housing development project for very low-, low-, or moderate-income households or an emergency shelter unless specified written findings are made.  Objective Development and Design Standards (Government Code §65913.4). The City will draft and adopt objective development and design standards that can improve certainty for the development community regarding the design of residential and mixed-use projects.  Homeless Accommodations. The City will revise its codes for emergency shelters, transitional housing, supportive housing, and will amend its codes to allow for low-barrier navigation centers as a by-right land use in accordance with Government Code §65582, §65583, and §65660 et seq.  Farmworker and Employee Housing. The City will revise its zoning codes to allow for farmworker housing, agricultural housing, and employee housing as a by-right residential use in accordance with §17021.5 and §17021.6 of the Health and Safety Code.  Application Processing (Government Code §65589.5). The City will rely on regulations set forth in state law for processing preliminary application for housing development projects, conducting no more than five hearings for housing projects that comply with objective General Plan and development standards, and making a decision on a project within 90 days after certification of an EIR or 60 days after adoption of an MND or an EIR for affordable housing projects. 476 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 87 Fair Housing Compliance The City complies with fair housing law regarding complaints by referring inquiries to the Housing Rights Center (HRC), HUD’s Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity (FHEO), and the California Department of Fair Employment and Housing (DFEH). HRC is a nonprofit fair housing service and civil rights organization responsible for providing outreach, education, and case resolution services to Ventura County, including Moorpark. The services are available in English, Spanish, Cantonese, Mandarin, Korean, Armenian, and Russian. HRC hosts an annual countywide fair housing conference for fair housing providers and advocates and organizes workshops for landowners, property managers, and others. HRC advertises its venues in Spanish and English, using bilingual media outlets and social media platforms. HRC also provides information on its website (https://www.housingrightscenter.org/), including rental housing opportunities available for every community on a monthly basis. Moorpark has a relatively modest caseload, due to the limited number of properties in the community. During fiscal year 2020-2021, HRC served 13 Moorpark residents: 10 residents requested general housing services and 3 residents brought forward discrimination inquiries. More than 90% of clients in Moorpark were classified as earning extremely low-income and 38% had a disability. A majority of the clients were in-place tenants (85%), as opposed to rental home-seekers. Of those seeking tenant/landlord services, 20% sought support with evictions and 30% sought general tenant/landlord information. HRC did not provide the basis for discrimination for the three discrimination cases, but two cases received counseling and one was referred to DFEH for further action. HRC shared that the lack of affordable housing, particularly designed for accessibility for persons with disabilities and seniors, is a significant barrier to Moorpark residents securing affordable housing. Due to this shortage, persons with disabilities and seniors are more likely to live in housing that is not modified with accessibility equipment. HRC shared that a significant number of cases countywide are related to reasonable accommodation, which can be difficult to receive approval. HRC identified that the lack of education of housing rights for both tenants and landlords may contribute to low participation in HRC housing services and discrimination inquiries. Providing informational material in Spanish and connecting with local partners would help reach Hispanic communities. Of HRC’s clients from Moorpark, only one client identified as Hispanic, despite Hispanics comprising 32% of Moorpark’s population. As part of the Fair Housing Assessment Program (FHAP), the California DFEH dual-files fair housing cases with HUD’s Region IX FHEO. FHAP reported only two fair housing discrimination in Moorpark from January 1, 2013, through April 27, 2021, an eight-year period. The first complaint was filed in 2017 by the DFEH against a Moorpark landlord alleged discrimination because of marital and familial status and sexual orientation, as evidenced by the language used to advertise an available rental unit. A civil complaint was filed in Ventura County Superior Court and the case was settled in March 2019, with the landlord required to pay damages and fees, participate in mandatory fair housing training, and submit periodic compliance reports. The second complaint alleged refusal to rent/negotiate for rental and failure to make reasonable accommodation. This case was closed due to a no cause determination. 477 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 88 Concentration of Fair Housing Issues The City of Moorpark incorporated in 1983, but its history dates well back to the early 1900s. Prior to incorporation, Moorpark was known for its agricultural industries. Original founders established a variety of agricultural industries, including walnuts, dry land crops, and later citrus and apricots. After World War II, agriculture continued to play a large role in the economy, but the poultry industry became big business in Moorpark, with turkey, chicken, and egg ranches dotting the landscape. Moorpark had only 4,000 residents up to 1980, concentrated primarily in the downtown in its older housing stock. Agricultural uses dotted the surrounding landscape until the county approved specific plans in the 1980s. As development sprung up around the City on vacant land, new residents moved in, and many of the original farmworker families stayed in the Downtown and Virginia Colony Tract because these areas had the most affordable housing as well as cultural institutions and services for residents. As housing prices continued to rise throughout Ventura County and housing replaced crops, lower income residents continued to stay in these neighborhoods, albeit experiencing higher levels of overpayment and overcrowding. The existing housing stock continued to age along with the condition of infrastructure. The City of Moorpark, Moorpark Unified School District, and nonprofit partners have made extensive efforts to improve the Los Angeles Avenue Corridor-Downtown and Virginia Colony. An abbreviated sample of efforts since 2000 is summarized below: o 2000: City approved $15 million in bonds for acquisition of Villa Del Arroyo MHP o 2001: City approved $11 million in bonds for infrastructure improvements downtown o 2002: MUSD issued $33 million in bonds for school rehabilitation o 2002: City approved $16 million in bonds for Vintage Crest Senior Apartments o 2008: MUSD issued $39 million in bonds for schools and Moorpark College o 2012: City provided $14 million in RDA funds to build the Ruben Castro Human Services Center o 2012: City provided $2.5 million to assist in the development of the Charles Street Apartments o 2018: City provided $3.8 million to assist in the development of Walnut Family Apartments Today, the broader downtown has the greatest concentration of public facilities and services of any neighborhood in Moorpark. However, revitalization work remains to be done. As mentioned earlier in this Housing Element, the housing conditions and infrastructure of this neighborhood continues to need improvement along with programs to improve the economic condition and security of local residents. The Housing Plan contains additional programs to target new housing, rehabilitate housing, provide capital improvements, and continue services to these neighborhoods to improve quality of life and mitigate concerns over potential displacement as the neighborhood receives quality of life improvements. 478 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 89 This page intentionally left blank 479 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 90 Figure 4-7 Moorpark, Predominant Race-Ethnic Groups 480Berylwo0q ,fO' /. I .,,, "' ! t"' "' -ce~S Mountain-Rd ? ■111■ Moorpark City Limit Neighborhood Concentration D Asian-White D Latinx-White D Mostly Latinx -Mostly White D 3GroupMix O.S I --rnCS "···-··· Santa Rosa Valley Simi Valley -, ,c-:) HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 91 Figure 4-8 Moorpark, Median Household Income by Census Block Group 481,--, ~~Mountain Rd1l..,_:::;::=::ii"""" Median Income □ <$30,000 D <Sss,ooo < $87,100 (HCD 2020 -State Median Income) -<$125,000 -Greater than $125,000 r.+:\O 0.5 1 \VF!i Miles HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 92 Figure 4-9 Moorpark, Prevalence of Children in Married Family Couples 482■111■ Moorpark City Limit Percent of Children in Married-Couple Households 0<20% D 20%-40% -40%-60% -60%-80% ->80% ct) 0 0.5 j Milos , ... • •• ... ✓ • 1, ... , \ • • '···-·· Bell Cainyon HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 93 Figure 4-10 Moorpark, Prevalence of People with a Disability 483■■■■■ Moorpark City Limit Percent of Population with a Disability 0<10% D 10%-20% -20%-30% -30%-40% ->40% (f)o o.s I Miles ~"C::s-,f 1 -gerald HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 94 Figure 4-11 Moorpark, Prevalence of Overcrowding 484■Ill■ M oorpark City Limit Percent of Overcrowded Households D < 8·2% (Statewide Average) D s.3%-iz% D 12.01% _ is% -15.01% _ 20% ->20% 0.5 1 MilP.s ,, .,,, 0:: C: 0 .:g 0 c:,-'I 23 -Broadway,R ====-j• ■■-■ ■■ -■■ • .,. "···-••• Santa Rosa Valley HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 95 Figure 4-12 Moorpark, Prevalence of Renter Overpayment 485■111■ M 0 oorpark City Limit verpayment by Renters < 20% -20%-40% -40%-60% -60%-80% ->80% lffi O 0.5 l ,, .. • •• ,, • ...... 1. ••• -··· Santa Rosa Valley HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 96 Figure 4-13 Moorpark, Prevalence of Homeowner Overpayment 486■111■ Moorpark City Limit Overpayment by Home Owners -<20% -20%-40% -40%-60% -60%-80% ->80% IA\\ 0 "1) I fJ.S 1 Miles r···-···-·· • •• •• ✓ Bell canyon OakPaiii HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 97 Figure 4-14 Moorpark, Opportunity Resources, Composite 487I V S Mountain Rd Berylwo0q~ Q'i.. .... ____ _ ■■■■■ Moorpark City Limit TCAC Opportunity Areas -Composite Score -Highest Resource -High Resource Moderate Resource c:J (Rapidly Changing) Moderate Resource D Low Resource D High Segregation & Poverty ,---, Missing/Insufficient I__...J Data 0.5 1 \ HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 98 Figure 4-15 Moorpark, Educational Resources 488Berylwoao-,P, o'. ~ li 1 =S Mountain°Rd ■111■ Moorpark City Limit TCAC Education Score < .25 (Less Positive Education Outcomes) □ .25-.so D .so-.15 > .75 (More Positive -Education Outcomes) D No Data 0.5 I "O °" c:: .8 "O C C, /! ,, Cl. QJ ~ Royall>l aid Rd~ HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 99 Figure 4-16 Moorpark, Economic Resources 489■111■ Moorpark City Limit TCAC Economic Score < .25 (Less Positive Economic Outcome) D .25-.50 D .5o-.75 -> .75 (More Positive Economic Outcome) D No Data O .. S Milf!S , ... • •• ~' • ...... '···-·· HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 100 Figure 4-17 Moorpark, Environmental Conditions 490Berylwoaq ,f>l'l.' ■■■■■ Moorpark City Limit CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Percentile -1 -10% (Lowest Scores) -11-20% -21-30% -31-40% 41-50% 51 -60% 61-70% -71-80% -81-90% -91 -100% (Highest Scores) ~() \..LI I O.o 1 JL •• ■ r•■■ • • ., . 1, ... , \ HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 101 This page intentionally left blank 491 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 102 4.4.4 Contributing Factors Through discussions with stakeholders and fair housing advocates, and preparation of the community needs assessment, the City identified factors that contribute to fair housing issues in Moorpark. A contributing factor is one that creates, contributes to, perpetuates, or increases the severity of one or more fair housing issues. A fair housing issue is a condition in a program or geographic area that restricts fair housing choice or access to opportunity, and includes such conditions as ongoing segregation or lack of integration, R/ECAPS, significant disparities in access to opportunity, disproportionate housing needs, and evidence of discrimination or violations of civil rights law or regulations related to housing. Moorpark’s approach to addressing fair housing issues fall within the following general strategies: (1) expanding opportunities to encourage a wider range of housing types and prices; (2) significantly reducing regulatory and governmental constraints to housing production; (3) implementing specific mobility strategies that promote inclusion and protection from displacement; (4) encouraging development of new affordable housing in all areas, including high resource areas; (5) implementing place-based strategies to revitalize neighborhoods; and (6) furthering fair housing. Key issues are described as follows. Issue 1: Limited Housing Opportunities Moorpark’s suburban fabric is defined predominantly by single-family homes, which account for 73% of all homes—the second-highest proportion among Ventura County cities. The City has eight apartment properties offering 1,132 housing units, including affordable properties, or 10% of the City’s stock. This is directly related to the lack of land zoned for multiple-family residential along with discretionary regulatory processes. As discussed in Issue 2, the lack of available zoned land has led to the necessity of processing all applications for residential development through discretionary entitlements that require legislative decisions for zone changes, General Plan land use changes, etc. The City is completing a General Plan update that will address many of the underlying land use supply and availability challenges. Issue 2: Regulatory Constraints The production of housing, both market rate and affordable, requires that local regulations facilitate and do not unduly impede development. In Moorpark, the development of higher-density housing types has been historically inhibited by zoning, density limits, development standards, and the discretionary RPD process. Fees and development agreements have also served to constrain housing production, leading to lengthy delays. The development community echoed these concerns during consultations, reiterating that discretionary permitting leads to lengthy delays. Proactive strategies are needed to rebalance the current type, price, and affordability of housing in the City and address the City Council’s strategic goal to create housing opportunities for all. The City is conducting a comprehensive update to the Zoning Code that will address underlying governmental constraints. 492 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 103 Issue 3: Lack of Special-Needs Housing The AFH, Community Profile, and stakeholder interviews emphasized the need for housing opportunities for individuals and families with special housing needs. These included aging seniors and people with disabilities, college students and faculty, homeless individuals, lower-income single-parent families, and other need groups. As discussed in the Community Profile, suitable housing for many of these groups does not exist in Moorpark, and the breadth of services is limited, in part due to the small size of the City and its financial limitations. Nonetheless, the City recognizes a need to address the needs of its special- needs groups in a more proactive manner. The Moorpark Municipal Code was inherited from the county prior to the City’s incorporation. While select updates have been made, the City will commence a comprehensive update of changes to state law. Issue 4: Neighborhoods Requiring Investment Although Moorpark is a new city, it predates 1900. The Downtown and Virginia Colony, the oldest neighborhoods, have a disproportionate concentration of low-income and minority populations, greater need for housing rehabilitation, older infrastructure, and greater prevalence and severity of housing problems. In the oldest portions of these neighborhood, 48% of single-family detached units are occupied by renting households, while in the corridor south of Los Angeles Avenue, 57% of all housing units are rented. In addition, all of the City’s eight apartment buildings, providing more than 1,100 units, are in these neighborhood. Place-based strategies to encourage community revitalization involves approaches that are focused on conserving and improving assets in areas of lower opportunity, such as targeted investment in neighborhood revitalization, preserving or rehabilitating existing affordable housing, and improving infrastructure, parks, transportation, and other community amenities. Issue 5: Fair Housing Services Fair housing providers revealed a relatively small number of complaints, due in part to the few apartment properties in Moorpark and the lack of a local fair housing service provider. However, there is a need for greater levels of outreach and advocacy. The provider noted a significant shortage of housing affordable to extremely low-income households. Legal aid and eviction counseling is limited countywide, particularly for undocumented residents. For those facing eviction, early intervention is critical to ensure that the situation is resolved. This can be challenging given that many linguistically isolated and undocumented residents lack access to resources. At the same time, there is a lack of education for tenants and landlords on housing rights and resources. For low-income residents, many live in older housing requiring repairs and rehabilitation and are concerned with displacement due to recent upturn in sales prices and rents. Table 4-28 includes fair housing issues discussed in the prior section, along with contributing factors, meaningful actions and commitments, and timelines. 493 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 104 Table 4-28 Fair Housing Issues, Contributing Factors, and Meaningful Actions AFH Fair Housing Issues and Contributing Factors Meaningful Actions and Specific Commitment by Program Timelines Issue #1: Limited housing opportunities that limit the choices of residents in finding housing  Lack of available land zoned at appropriate densities to facilitate the production of a range in housing types  13a. Maintain inventory of residential sites needed to address the 2021-2029 RHNA; periodically review list of sites for compliance with no-net-loss requirement  13c. If housing types and affordability levels are different than anticipated and cause a RHNA shortfall, redesignate sites within 180 days to address shortfall  Annual Review  Need for concentrated efforts to facilitate and navigate the development process to ensure timely project completion  14a. Outreach to property owners and developers of pipeline projects as a means to identify and address potential obstacles to developing their property  14b. Support funding applications (tax credit, bonds, etc.) to help applicants be awarded local, state, and federal monies for affordable housing projects  14c. Continue coordination with applicants using a “Conditions Compliance Checklist” to approve and ensure remaining entitlements are followed  Annual  Annual  Continuously  Limited affordable housing, especially in high resource areas  5a-b . Conduct a nexus study as a prerequisite to design an inclusionary requirement and  5b. Draft and adopt a citywide inclusionary program and expenditure priorities  6a. Develop and adopt AHTF program parameters  6b. Seek mechanisms to grow trust fund, and fund affordable housing in conjunction with the City's land acquisition, assemblage, and disposition program  2022  2023  2023  2024  Issue #2: Need to revise permitting, regulatory codes, standards, and fees that constrain development  Lack of more formal program to provide regulatory assistance for housing  23a. Review and revise the City’s density bonus regulations to ensure consistency with changes in state law  23b. Review the administrative exception ordinance and add authority to allow flexibility in other specific development standards cited as potential constraints All three: Concurrent with Zoning Code update by Dec 2023  Permitting system that constrains development of a range in housing types  24a. Review and revise R-P-D process to remove threshold of 5 or more units, review and revise as needed the approving authority, criteria, etc.  24b. Review other administrative and conditional permit processes as part of the overall update of the zoning code 494 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 105 Table 4-28 Fair Housing Issues, Contributing Factors, and Meaningful Actions AFH Fair Housing Issues and Contributing Factors Meaningful Actions and Specific Commitment by Program Timelines  Lack of objective design standards that allow for certainty for developers  12a. Prepare and adopt objective development and design standards (zoning, subdivision, or design review) for all projects in accordance with state law  2024  Fees that have not been updated in many years, with varying reimbursements  21a. Review development-related fees to determine their appropriateness (nexus), amount charged, and reasonableness; revise fees based on findings  21b. Periodically assess cumulative impact of fees and service charges; make revisions as needed to achieve cost recovery and further City goals and objectives  July 2023  Annual Issue #3: Lack of housing opportunities for special needs groups  Shortage of accessory dwelling units citywide  15a. Amend zoning code to permit ADUs as a by-right use in accordance with Government Code §65852.2(a) All four: Concurrent with Zoning Code update by Dec 2023  Shortage of housing for homeless people  17a/b. Amend zoning code to permit transitional, supportive, and navigation centers per state law  Shortage of housing and services for disabled people  19a. Amend zoning code to define and permit residential care facilities in accordance with state law  Shortage of housing for farmworkers  20a. Amend zoning code to define and permit employee housing in accordance with state  Special needs groups have significant unmet needs  27a. Work with current housing partners and expand the breadth of collaborative partnerships to augment existing administrative and financial resources.  27b. Produce and update a brochure advertising all services provided by City partners and publicize on the City’s website. Update annually  Annual  2023 Issue #4: Need for improving older neighborhoods through reinvestment, displacement protection, education, and wealth generation opportunities  Older homes require more frequent and substantive maintenance and repair  3c. Conduct code compliance inspections totaling an average of up to 150 residences on an annual basis  2a. Seek, apply for, and allocate funding for housing rehabilitation program.  2b. Develop program to include assistance for ownership units, mobile homes, and rental units  2c. Contact nonprofits capable of making home repairs and/or assisting in financial assistance on an annual basis  Annual  2023  2024  Annual  Downtown contains the oldest infrastructure requiring rehabilitation  4a. Prepare, implement, and report the CIP to City Council to improve community infrastructure  4b. Develop GIS-based pavement management system to guide street maintenance and repair  Annual  2023  Annual 495 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 106 Table 4-28 Fair Housing Issues, Contributing Factors, and Meaningful Actions AFH Fair Housing Issues and Contributing Factors Meaningful Actions and Specific Commitment by Program Timelines  4c. Target efforts, to the extent feasible, to areas which have experienced disinvestment  Residents require services that generate wealth, protect jobs, provide income security  27a Work with current housing partners and expand the breadth of collaborative partnerships to augment existing administrative and financial resources  27b Produce and update a brochure advertising all services provided by City partners and publicize on the City's web page. Update annually  Annual  2023  Reinvestment in the area could raise property values and rents, displacing resident  10a-b. Conduct discussions with owners of affordable housing as to their needs, ensure proper notification, and provide technical assistance where feasible  10c. Continue to implement condominium conversion ordinance and review for effectiveness  10d. Prepare an annual report for the Planning Commission, City Council, and stakeholders regarding status on achieving housing program goals.  Annual  Annual  Annual Issue #5: Fair Housing Measures  Legal aid and eviction counseling is limited countywide, particularly for undocumented  Linguistically isolated and undocumented residents lack access to resources  Lack of education for both tenants and landlords on housing rights and resources  28a. Implement initiatives in Table 4-28 of the Housing Element to affirmatively further fair housing  28b Contract with Fair Housing agency to provide services and annually assess the need for changing level or mix of services  28c Report progress as part of the Annual Progress Report for the Housing Element and annually review contract for needed program change  Ongoing with annual review 496 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 107 4.5 Housing Resources This section summarizes the City’s share of the region’s need for housing (RHNA) for the 2021-2029 Housing Element planning period and the credits that can be deducted from the City’s requirements. Following this analysis, this section demonstrates the suitability of sites for the RHNA and various financial and organizational resources that the City can utilize to address its housing needs. 4.5.1 Regional Housing Needs Allocation The RHNA is one of the more critical mandates required of every local government in California. The California Legislature has stated that the availability of housing is of vital statewide importance, as is the early attainment of decent housing and a suitable living environment for every Californian. To implement that mandate, the HCD is required to develop housing needs projections for every region in California, including southern California. Housing planning needs are projected for an eight-year period, from 2021 to 2029, for the southern California region. The Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) is responsible for assigning housing production goals for each city. In accordance with state law, SCAG must consider specific housing planning considerations, but is allowed to develop a tailored model for the region. SCAG’s regional housing need model takes into account the availability of land, adequacy of infrastructure and services, market demand for housing, fair housing implications, employment and transit, local population growth estimates, and many other housing and planning factors. Table 4-29 shows the City’s 2021-2029 RHNA for use in the Housing Element. Table 4-29 Moorpark’s Regional Housing Needs Allocation, 2021-2029 Household Income Levels RHNA Requirement Definition of Affordability by Household Income Level Number of Units Percent of Units Extremely Low Households earning 0-30% of AMI 189 14.6% Very Low Households earning 31-50% of AMI 188 14.7% Low Households earning 51-80% of AMI 233 18.1% Moderate Households earning 81-120% of AMI 245 19.0% Above Moderate Households earning above 120% of AMI 434 33.6% Total 1,289 100% Source: Southern California Association of Governments, 2020. 497 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 108 It is important to note that local governments are not required to build housing or financially subsidize the development of new housing. However, cities are responsible to ensure that adequate sites are available during the planning period to accommodate housing at the designated affordability levels. Sites must be available at all times during the planning period. Generally, local governments are allowed to address their assigned RHNA in four ways: Option 1: Housing Production The City can count housing that receives a certificate of occupancy after July 1, 2021 to satisfy the RHNA. Proposed housing projects can also be included if they are likely to be approved and built from July 2021 to October 2029, subject to adequate documentation. Moorpark’s strategy for meeting the RHNA is unique compared to most southern California jurisdictions. The City has a sufficient number of projects in the pipeline to fully meet the RHNA goals. A major priority of this Housing Element is to facilitate and encourage the development so that the units will be built within the 2021-2029 planning period. Option 2: Accessory Dwellings While HCD has historically allowed accessory dwelling units to count toward the RHNA production goals, amendments to state law have expanded the ability to use this strategy for the Housing Element. Cities may count the production of ADUs toward their RHNA in accordance with specific statutory guidance and state administrative guidance. The City is using a “safe-harbor” approach (average number of ADUs built from 2018 to 2020), as allowed under state law to count ADUs toward the 2021-2029 RHNA. However, the City fully expects to exceed the safe harbor estimate for ADUs. Option 3: Available Land Housing Element law allows cities to count the residential development capacity on vacant and underutilized sites that are appropriately zoned for housing. The City appears to be able to accommodate its 2021-2029 RHNA without additional sites. However, the General Plan update underway anticipates redesignating sites that will meet any shortfall in the 6th cycle RHNA, provide a buffer to avoid no net loss provisions, or provide for the 7th cycle RHNA. These sites are anticipated to provide more opportunities for housing at different densities and types than are allowed under the municipal code. Option 4: Alternative Credits Government Code §65583.1 allows, under prescribed conditions, units that will be substantially rehabilitated, converted from market rate to affordable, converted from nonresidential to residential, or where affordability is preserved to be counted towards the adequate sites requirement and regional housing needs goals. Because the City’s affordable multifamily housing projects are deed restricted as affordable in perpetuity and are currently in excellent condition, the Section 65583.1 option is not feasible for credit toward the 2021-2029 at this time. The remainder of this section discusses the City’s RHNA strategy. 498 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 109 4.5.2 Housing Production As of 2020, Moorpark has 10 approved or pending residential development projects. The following describes general characteristics of several projects credited toward the 2021-2029 RHNA. These residential projects and their precise affordability levels are summarized in Table 4-27.  Everett Street Terraces. Everett Street Terraces is approved (2022) for a 2.44-acre site on the north side of Everett Street, east of Walnut Canyon Road. The project includes 60 condominiums, an outdoor pool and spa, play area, and various site improvements. The residential project will provide 15% (3 very low and 6 low-income units) of its total units as affordable to lower income households, in accordance with anticipated development and affordable housing agreements.  Pacific Communities. Pacific Communities is an approved residential project on a 39-acre site on the south of Los Angeles Avenue and east of Maureen Lane. The project will include 153 small- lot, single-family residential units and 131 detached condominiums. Within this total, 9% (25 units) will be deed restricted as affordable to lower income households in accordance with its development agreement and affordable housing agreement.  Aldersgate Project. Aldersgate is an approved, continuing-care retirement community, and one needed to accommodate the growing senior population. This residential project is located north of downtown near Hitch Ranch. Of the 390 units, 260 units will be independent units, and 130 units will be assisted living (memory care), of which 26 are deed restricted rental units affordable to lower income households, in accordance with its development agreement and affordable housing agreement. Aldersgate Everett Street Terraces 499 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 110  High Street Depot. The High Street Depot is the first mixed-use, transit-oriented development in the downtown, adjacent to the Metrolink station and along the historic Southern Pacific rail. This project is intended to facilitate and accelerate the broader revitalization of downtown Moorpark in accordance with the Downtown Specific Plan. As approved, this project will include 79 apartment units, community green space, 14,000 square feet of commercial space, and 11 deed restricted units affordable to moderate-income households, in accordance with its approved development and affordable housing agreement.  Green Island Villas. Green Island Villas is a residential project approved for development on a vacant, 4.0-acre lot at 635 Los Angeles Avenue, in the heart of downtown Moorpark. The project is a 63-unit ownership townhome/condominium project, which includes a 15% inclusionary requirement consisting of 10 lower income housing units, in accordance with its development agreement and affordable housing agreement. The project has submitted for building permits and is awaiting approval to proceed with construction.  Oakmont. Oakmont is an assisted living and memory care project on a 2.8-acre lot at 13960 Peach Hill Road. Currently under construction, this residential project will provide 77 residential units of progressive care through high levels of assisted living, fulfilling its aging-in-place philosophy. This complex is the first large-scale senior assisted living project in Moorpark and is intended to address the needs of seniors requiring specialized health care and assistance and desiring to stay in the city. The project is a market rate project and is not subject to an affordable housing agreement. High Street Depot Oakmont Assisted Living 500 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 111  Beltramo. Beltramo is an approved (2022) residential project on a 7.4-acre site at the southeast corner of Los Angeles Avenue and Beltramo Ranch Road. The project consists of 47 single-family detached homes and 95,000 square feet of combined open green space, including a 1-acre green space. The project is anticipated to provide 15% affordable units (7 lower income units) in accordance with its development agreement and affordable housing agreement.  North Ranch. This residential project proposed on a 68-acre site on the west side of Gabbert Road, north of Poindexter Ave. The project includes 139 single-family units, detention basins, and manufactured slopes. Included are 20 affordable units (18 moderate and 2 very low income) in accordance with its development agreement and affordable housing agreement. The project was approved by the City Council on January 4, 2023.  Essex (Vendra Gardens). Vendra Gardens is proposed for a 10.6-acre site on the south side of Casey Road, west of the City Hall. Located at a former high school site, the project will include 200 apartment units, with 100% of the units affordable to very low and low-income large families. The developer submitted a funding application request (CA 21-693) for 4% tax credits and was awarded funding in December 2021. The apartment project is subject to its approved development agreement and affordable housing agreement. The project will move forward with plan finalization in 2022. Beltramo Ranch 501 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 112 Hitch Ranch Specific Plan The Hitch Ranch Specific Plan encompasses a 277-acre site north of Poindexter Avenue and west of Moorpark Avenue. The Specific Plan area will accommodate a residential community with park facilities, private recreational facilities, open spaces, and equestrian trails. Of the 755 units, 642 units are anticipated to be above moderate-income units, and 113 units (15%) will be deed restricted as affordable to lower income households in accordance with the affordable housing agreement. The Specific Plan EIR and project application were approved by City Council in July, 2022. The DA for Hitch Ranch indicates that 113 units will be affordable to very low and low income households as defined in state law in accordance with the RHNA categories. The overall project is anticipated to begin construction in 2024 and be completed by 2029. In terms of phasing, the DA specifies that at the date of the issuance of the building permit for the 400th unit, the building permit for the affordable housing buildings will occur. At the date of the issuance of the building permit for the 600th market rate unit, the affordable housing units would have received a certification of occupancy. Therefore, the affordable housing units would be built within the middle phase of the Hitch Ranch project. As part of the DA, the developer of Hitch Ranch is obligated to dedicate a 23.44-acre vacant site to the City. Specifically, the site will be delivered with 20 du/ac zoning intact and in “blue top” condition, meaning the site is fully graded, suitable for development, and ready to accept utilities delivered to the boundary of the City site. Once the City takes title to the land, the site will be suitable for multiple-family housing. There will be no delay due to off-site infrastructure needed to accommodate the affordable housing project. The City intends to sell the land to a developer and execute a DA and Affordable Housing Agreement (AHA) for units that will address any shortfall in the 2021-2029 RHNA. The current assumption is that the affordability distribution will be split evenly between low- and moderate-income households though it may change to accommodate any deficit that occurs as other projects are finalized. Staff anticipates circulating a RFP/RFQ in 2025 and initiating development of the City Site for the described affordable housing within a year of that date. The City continues to work with Hitch Ranch developers to ensure all requirements are followed. As the project proceeds, the City will be working closely to ensure that all terms of the DA and AHA are fully addressed and the City receives its donated site in accordance with the DA and AHA. Hitch Ranch Land Plan 502 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 113 Accessory Dwelling Units ADUs have become an increasingly attractive option for providing housing across California. The relatively low cost to build accessory dwelling units and the straightforward permitting process are attractive to homeowners. ADUs offer an opportunity for homeowners to provide accommodations for their family or extended family members. In other cases, ADUs can also offer opportunities for seniors, college students, or other individuals to rent housing. The City continues to receive and approve applications for ADUs on a consistent basis and updates its ordinances as required by state law to facilitate the construction of new ADUs. The following applications and building permits have been submitted since 2018.  2018, 9 applications submitted, 3 permitted  2019, 14 applications submitted, 4 permitted  2020, 25 applications submitted, 19 permitted  2021, 15 applications submitted, 15 permitted Over four years, an average of 10 ADUs received building permits. However, the use of averages for making projections is inappropriate since the data show a significant discontinuous trend; 2018 and 2019 are distinctly different than 2020 and 2021 due to the adoption of the City’s ADU ordinance in 2020. When policy interventions create a new baseline, the accepted practice for analyzing policy interventions is a discontinuous regression design. In other words, when the City’s ADU ordinance was adopted in 2020, it created two distinct periods of analysis—pre City ADU ordinance adoption (average 3.5 units annually) and post City ADU ordinance adoption (17 units annually). Using a four-year average misses and significantly underestimates the impact and effectiveness of the City’s ADU ordinance. If the City assumes an average production of 10 ADUs annually, 80 units would be expected over the 2021-2029 planning period. The City is working with the Ventura Council of Governments to assist and support projects that facilitate the development of ADUs. VCOG has received a LEAP grant to retain a consultant who will develop prototypical plans for a modular ADU that meets local codes. In addition, the consultant is developing alternative plans for garage conversions with standard 20x20 dimensions. These plans will be promoted on VCOG’s dedicated regional ADU webpage. Once complete in 2023, the City anticipates adapting these resources to accelerate the production of ADUs in the community. Prototype of an Accessory Dwelling 503 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 114 Additional Projects to Be Submitted The City has additional residential/mixed-use projects that could reasonably be expected to develop during the time frame of the 2021-2029 Housing Element. While not as advanced as the prior residential projects, which have formal applications and nearly completed CEQA clearance, the City can nonetheless expect additional applications for housing, in particular given the update of the General Plan and the redesignation of new sites for housing. Several future sites are briefly summarized below.  Moorpark Gateway. The City has received a preliminary application for the Moorpark Gateway, a project in northeast Moorpark. The developer proposes a master plan for a mixed-use development consisting of a 230-room hotel, three apartment structures totaling 300 units, and 9,000 sf of commercial and restaurant space. The six-story apartment structures will be built over a partially subterranean parking structure. While only in the initial stages, this project offers a significant opportunity for additional housing, including affordable inclusionary units. This project originally received a GPA in 2015, but is now proposing a modification to allow residential uses (see illustration of project to the right).  Other Residential Projects. Additional residential projects are in the development review pipeline but are not fully described herein nor presently being counted toward the 2021-2029 RHNA. Moreover, it is also expected that as a result of the General Plan update, additional sites will likely be redesignated for housing. Until then, the following projects represent additional potential capacity: o 95-unit townhome development (Spring Road) o 110 single-family home development (Vistas) o 21 single-family home development (Birdsall) Should these and other residential projects advance further into the development pipeline, they may be available as contingency (“buffer”) to meet the 2021-2029 RHNA and address the no-net loss requirements in state law. Until then, these projects are listed for informational purposes only and will not be used for meeting the baseline RHNA requirements. Nonetheless, these trends demonstrate the high demand for housing in the community and support the contention that housing will be built commensurate with the City’s 2021-2029 RHNA during the 6th cycle planning period. Hilltop Site 504 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 115 Infrastructure Availability The Housing Element must demonstrate that there is or will be sufficient water, sewer, and other dry utilities capacity and infrastructure, including the availability and access to distribution facilities to accommodate the City’s regional housing need for the planning period (Gov’t Code, §65583.2(b)). This analysis is needed to show that housing can reasonably be expected to be developed during the planning period and that there are no infrastructure deficiencies that would unduly delay the timing of the project. Table 4-30 lists each project credited toward the City’s 2021-2029 RHNA, the type of CEQA clearance approved for each project, and findings of adequacy of infrastructure. As summarized below, all of the residential projects have or will have adequate infrastructure in place. In any case, the availability of existing infrastructure or ability to construct any required infrastructure should not constrain the development of these residential projects. Table 4-30 Infrastructure Adequacy for 2021-2029 RHNA Projects RHNA Projects Adequacy of Infrastructure and Services CEQA Clearance Water Supply + Infrastr. Sewer Capacity + Infrastr. Storm Drainage Capacity Electricity, Gas, Other Utilities Solid Waste Oakmont Exempt NI NI NI NI NI High Street Depot MND-2020 LSI LSI LSI LSI LSI Green Island Villas ND-2019 LSI LSI LSI LSI LSI Aldersgate MND-2018 NI NI NI NI NI Vendra Gardens MND-2018 LSI LSI LSI LSI LSI Beltramo Ranch MND-2022 LSI LSI LSI LSI LSI Everett Street MND-2022 LSI LSI LSI LSI LSI Hitch Ranch EIR-2022 LSI LSI LSI* LSI* LSI Hitch Donated Site EIR-2022 LSI LSI LSI* LSI* LSI Pacific Communities MND-2017 LSI LSI LSI LSI LSI North Ranch MND-2023 NI NI NI NI NI Source: CEQA clearance documents, City of Moorpark, 2022 Notes: NI: No Impact LSI: Less than significant impact LSI* Less than significant impact with mitigation 1_ Although the City has three other projects–Spring/Duncan/Ashley, Birdsall, and Vista–that have completed their CEQA clearance, these projects are not credited toward the 2021-2029 RHNA at this time. Instead, they presently serve as potential buffer projects. 505 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 116 Project Status and Feasibility The City’s residential projects selected to address the 2021-2029 RHNA are anticipated to be built by the midpoint of the Housing Element planning period (Table 4-31). While several of these residential projects extend from the prior planning cycle, all projects have or will have received final CEQA and project approval by the end of 2022. Table 4-31 shows each proposed residential project, completion status, and remaining steps in the entitlement process required before the developer can submit for building permits. The Housing Plan contains a specific program to continue to work with the developers of these projects, to outreach to them, provide assistance needed to facilitate the timely completion of their applications (including CEQA and DA/AHA), and other final steps in the entitlement process. Table 4-31 Status of Projects Proposed for 2021-2029 RHNA Credit RHNA Projects Stage of Development Process and Estimated Time Frame Expiration CEQA Apprv’d Plan Apprv’d DA/AHA Apprv’d Bldg Permit Anticipated Completion Oakmont Project complete High Street Depot 10/221 Yes Yes Yes 2022 2024 Green Island Villas 02/231 Yes Yes Yes Est. 2023 2024 Pacific Communities** 03/23 Yes Yes Yes Est. 2023 2025 Aldersgate** 09/221 Yes Yes Yes Est. 2023 2025 Vendra Gardens** N/A Yes Yes Yes Est. 2022 2025 Beltramo Ranch 1 7/2022 7/2022 Yes Est. 2023 2024 Everett Street 1 9/2022 9/2022 Yes Est. 2023 2024 Hitch Ranch** 1 6/2022 6/2022 Yes Est. 2023 2024+ Hitch Donated Site** 1 6/2022 6/2022 pending Est. 2023 2024+ North Ranch** 1 1/2023 1/2023 Yes Est. 2023 2025 Source: City of Moorpark, 2022. Notes: DA: Development Agreement AHA: Affordable Housing Agreement Plan Approval: Final Development Plans Approved ** Projects listed in the prior 2014-2021 Housing Element. 1_Projects are generally eligible for at least a 2-year extension and up to 6 years if a tract map is filed. 506 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 117 Figure 4-18 Approved or Pending Developments in Moorpark 507C°:?Cil)'Bouf"Mlal)' f ~ J ~•nrnng Areas RH HA Srtes t Sernor living CJ 1, Qakmon/n Ashley 4875 Spring Road CJ 2 Dunca CJ 3 Pacl1cCommun11Jes 4 Beltramo Ranch 5 5, Green Island Villas ,----, 6, High Street Staton L__J i' Essex Apartments c::J , tt StreetTenaces c=J 8, Evera ate Semor living CJ 9, A~ersg ark c::J !O, Vstas at Moorµ CJ 11, Can)On Crest k 67 ,----, 12 North Ranch/Moorpar L__J h Donated Site c::J 13, Hitch Rane CJ !4, Hitch Ranch HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 118 4.5.3 Fair Housing Implications for Sites This section addresses the fair housing implications of the proposed projects/sites that will address the 2021-2029 RHNA. Included is an assessment of: 1) the impact of the projects to the existing household income distribution in each planning area; 2) how the projects/sites are related to fostering opportunity; and 3) how the sites/projects influence other parts of the fair housing assessment (e.g., segregation, integration, disproportionate housing needs, and displacement risk). Income Distribution and Inclusive Communities Moorpark is relying on ten residential projects/sites to achieve its 2021-2029 RHNA. These projects are primarily in two neighborhoods: 1) Championship-Gabbert-Hitch Ranch; and 2) Los Angeles Avenue- Downtown-Virginia Colony. To determine the potential impact of these projects on each neighborhood, federal data was used to estimate the household income distribution of each neighborhood at the census tract level. Approved and soon-to-be-developed residential projects by affordability level were added to the neighborhood’s existing household income distribution. Table 4-32 shows how the income distribution of each neighborhood is anticipated to change due to new projects. Four of six Moorpark neighborhoods will show no change in income distribution because either no projects were proposed or the few small projects proposed had no material effect on the neighborhood. The vast majority of growth in Moorpark (80% plus) will be in the high resource neighborhood of Championship-Gabbert-Hitch neighborhood, and that will result in a more inclusive community. The LA Avenue-Downtown-Virginia Colony, a low resource neighborhood, will house several new projects that reduce the low to moderate share and increase the above moderate income share of residents, which overall will bring a greater balance of household incomes to this historically disadvantaged area. These projects will not require the demolition or replacement of any affordable housing in this area. Table 4-32 Impact of New Projects on Housing Affordability by Neighborhood Current Income Distribution Proposed Income Distribution Neighborhood Lower Moderate Above Lower Moderate Above Championship-Gabbert-Hitch 26% 14% 60% 29% 13% 58% Mountain Meadows 16% 13% 70% <------- No Change -----> Peach Hill 11% 23% 66% <------- No Change -----> LA Avenue-DT-Virginia Colony 50% 26% 25% 44% 22% 33% Highland/Carlsberg 16% 15% 69% <------- No Change -----> Moorpark College 24% 28% 49% <------- No Change -----> Source: HUD User, CHAS, 2014-2018, City of Moorpark, 2022. 508 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 119 Championship-Gabbert-Hitch Ranch Residential projects will result in over 2,000 new units in this neighborhood. This includes a 100% affordable project (Vendra Gardens) which will provide 198 apartments affordable to lower income families and Hitch Ranch Specific Plan, which will provide 369 units affordable to lower-income households. The Aldersgate continuing-care retirement community will provide 260 senior units, with approximately 15% of the units set aside (or 26 deed restricted units) that are affordable to lower income households. The following discussion assesses the impacts of residential development according to fair housing concerns. Integration/Segregation Proposed projects will result in a broader range of incomes within this neighborhood. The neighborhood is not a RCAA or R/ECAP since it contains some racial/ethnic diversity, but the neighborhood has a median income of more than $150,000. Different race-ethnic and age groups in Moorpark have a strong correlation with income levels, with lower incomes often correlated with Hispanics and African Amercians. Although it is not possible to predict the race/ethnicity, age, familial status, disability, or other status of residents, the increase in affordable housing in this neighborhood would be expected to draw a broader mix of residents with different incomes and age levels, furthering the City Council’s strategic goal for housing, achieving the City’s RHNA goals, and affirmatively furthering fair housing opportunity. Access to Opportunity Housing proposed in the Hitch subdistrict will provide higher access to opportunity than neighborhoods located along Championship Drive, and others accessed from Walnut Canyon. Residents of all income levels will have convenient access to social and commercial services, multiple grocery stores, excellent schools, medical offices and pharmacies, and civic uses (e.g., library, senior center, family clinic, etc.). Public transit is offered along Walnut Canyon south of Wicks Road and the High Street Station provides access to Metrolink and Amtrak. Seniors living at Aldersgate will have access to the City’s paratransit and senior dial-a-ride services. Residents will also benefit from excellent environmental quality of the area. Disproportionate Burden New development will not exacerbate overcrowding, overpayment, or displacement. These conditions typically occur in lower income, older, or substandard units. Homeowners or renters who desire to purchase or rent homes will largely be moderate and above moderate income households and would not be expected to overpay or overcrowd. Lower income units are deed restricted, and such lease agreements are structured to avoid overpayment (which inevitably leads to overcrowding and displacement). While new housing projects will add new residents, there is no evidence to suggest that it will materially create concentrations of residents based on familial status, race/ethnicity, or disability. In fact, the breadth of units and affordability levels will foster a more inclusive community, consistent with AFH goals. Moreover, new development will not replace any existing housing unit, thus preventing displacement. 509 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 120 Los Angeles Avenue Corridor-Downtown Moorpark’s Los Angeles Avenue Corridor-Downtown neighborhood encompasses the middle of the City, extending from the eastern to western city limits. It is home to all of the City’s eight apartment complexes, including five that offer 100% affordable or rent-restricted units. Moreover, most of the City’s commercial, office, and service sectors are in this area. Five projects are planned during the 2021-2029 period that will provide just under 500 new units in this neighborhood, which will add 19 percent to the number of existing housing units in this neighborhood. The proposed new projects will include the 300-unit Pacific Communities project and the Green Island Villas, Beltramo, Spring Road, and High Street Depot. Integration/Segregation The City is cognizant of the neighborhood needs–it has a disproportionate concentration of Hispanics, 50% of households earn low incomes, older housing needs rehabilitation, and one in four households in specific subdistricts are overcrowded. There are no other known concentrations based on familial status, age, disability, or other status. However, the neighborhood needs reinvestment in infrastructure. The integration of new housing, given the projects envisioned, would attract wealthier households, including White, Asian, or other race and ethnic groups. While some demographic change can be expected, that would be tempered by the provision of lower and moderate income units. Taken together, the projects would broaden out the income distribution but the area would still be low to moderate income. Access to Opportunity This area offers convenient access to proficient schools, after school programs, social services, and commercial uses, such as grocery stores, pharmacies, and medical clinics. Public transit is highly available in the Downtown, with frequent bus stops providing access to shopping centers, schools, and parks along Los Angeles Avenue, Moorpark Avenue, and Spring Street. The High Street Depot is adjacent to the Metrolink/Amtrak station. The new projects incorporate green space; for instance, the Beltramo project proposes over 95,000 square feet of combined green space. High Street Depot and Green Island Villas are intended to catalyze revitalization of the planning area. Thus the introduction of mixed income housing would benefit from all of the amenities concentrated in downtown Moorpark. Disproportionate Burden New development will not exacerbate overcrowding, overpayment, or displacement. These conditions typically occur in lower income, older, or substandard units. Homeowners or renters who desire to purchase or rent homes will largely be moderate and above moderate income households and must prove the ability to afford housing. Lower income units will be deed restricted, and such lease agreements would preclude overpayment (which leads to overcrowding and displacement). Renewed interest and investment in the area could exacerbate housing concerns expressed by residents, particularly renters. In light of these concerns, the Housing Plan contains programs to mitigate displacement concerns and improve housing security, such as homeownership assistance, targeted marketing and housing preference policy, condominium conversion protections, at-risk inventory protections, voucher policy, etc. 510 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 121 4.5.4 Summary of Projects and Credits Toward the RHNA Table 4-33 shows a summary of the pipeline residential projects that have been approved, pending approval, or are under construction and which will receive a certificate of occupancy/final inspection during the 2021-2029 planning period. Six projects were in the prior 2013-2021 Housing Element. Project affordability is assumed to be market rate and affordable to above moderate income households unless the project rent or sales prices are controlled by an Affordable Housing Agreement. Comparing the RHNA credits across income levels shows a deficit among the very low income category but a strong surplus among low income RHNA credits. Therefore, as allowed by law, when the City combines the two categories into a “lower” income category, the low income component of the RHNA is fully addressed. Table 4-33 Approved and Planned Residential Projects in Moorpark Project Name Project Specs Affordability Level Project Status Type- Units Afford. Reqd Very Low Low Mod Above Mod Oakmont Assist 77 N/A Not eligible for RHNA credit High Street Depot Apts 79 DA/AHA –– –– 11 68 A Green Island Villas Town 63 DA/AHA –– 10 –– 53 A Pacific Comm. SFR 284 DA/AHA –– 25 –– 259 A Aldersgate Apts 260 DA/AHA –– 26 –– 234 A Essex (Vendra) Apts 200 DA/AHA 69 129 –– 2 A Beltramo Ranch Condo 47 DA/AHA –– –– –– 47 A Everett Street Condo 60 DA/AHA 3 6 –– 51 A North Ranch SFR 139 DA/AHA 2 –– 18 119 A Hitch Ranch SP Mix 755 DA/AHA 56 57 –– 699 A City Site Apts 468 DA/AHA –– 234 234 –– P Accessory Dwellings ADU 80 Market 12 25 34 9 –– RHNA Credit 653 297 1,541 2021-2029 RHNA 610 245 434 Balance RHNA Met RHNA Met Source: City of Moorpark, March 2020. Notes: ** Project listed in the prior 2013-2021 Housing Element. Project status is one of three phases: C= Under Construction: projects where building permits have been approved and construction is underway A = Approved: projects which have received approvals and entitlements. P = Pending approval: projects working through the process (e.g., CEQA, DA/AHA, or application) 511 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 122 4.5.5 Financial and Administrative Resources Most California cities rely on a combination of public, private, and not-for-profit agencies to provide financial assistance needed to develop, rehabilitate, and preserve affordable housing and/or provide services for low and moderate-income residents. Financial and administrative resources for addressing the City’s housing needs are summarized below. Financial Resources The City of Moorpark relies on local, state, federal, and nonprofit entities to provide funding that can finance the development, rehabilitation, and preservation of affordable housing. Recent projects in the City have used the following funding sources: City Bonds Moorpark has used bond to finance the development and preservation of affordable housing. In 2000, the City issued local mobile home revenue bonds to finance the acquisition, rehabilitation, and preservation of the Villa Del Arroyo Mobile Home Park. As part of this project, 48 units were deed restricted as affordable to income-qualified residents. In addition, in 2016, the City of Moorpark issued Multifamily Housing Revenue Bonds to finance the development of the Vintage Crest Senior Apartment project, which provided 189 units of affordable housing to lower income seniors. According to the City’s 2019 Consolidated Annual Financing Report, however, each of these bond programs does not constitute an indebtedness of the City; the bonds are paid through proceeds and revenues earned by the individual housing projects that have received public financing. Low-Income Housing Tax Credits The low-income housing tax credit (LIHTC) program is the largest source of federal and state funds used by the affordable housing development community to finance the construction and rehabilitation of low- income affordable rental housing The California Tax Credit Allocation Committee is responsible for reviewing and approving applications of projects and allocating federal and state tax credits. The committee verifies that the developer meets all the requirements of the program and ensures the continued affordability and habitability of the projects for 55 years. Although the application process is competitive, 115 affordable housing projects in Ventura County have received tax credit funds since 2000. In Moorpark, three affordable rental housing projects (Vintage Crest Apartments, Charles Street Apartments, and Walnut Family Apartments) have been financed through tax credits. Community Development Block Grants Federal funding for housing programs is available through the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Since the City is not an entitlement jurisdiction, Moorpark receives its Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) allocation through the County of Ventura rather than directly from HUD. The CDBG program is flexible. Eligible activities include, but are not limited to, acquisition and/or disposition of real estate or property, public facilities, and improvements, relocation, rehabilitation, and 512 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 123 construction (under certain limitations) of housing, homeownership assistance, and clearance activities. The County is the final decision-making body regarding CDBG projects, and the City plays an advisory role in recommending applications to fund. In the past, the City’s public service allocation has typically been used to fund social service organizations. The CDBG allocation for Moorpark generally varies and depends on the number and type of funding applications submitted countywide, county funding available, and alignment with CDBG priorities. Housing Choice Vouchers The City maintains membership in the Area Housing Authority of the County of Ventura (AHACV), which administers the Section 8 Housing Assistance Payments (HAP) Program. The HAP Program assists elderly and disabled households by paying the difference between 30% of an eligible household's income and the actual cost of renting a unit. The Housing Authority also operates Tafoya Terrace, a 30-unit affordable senior apartment project in Moorpark, and Charles Street Terrace, a 20-unit affordable large-family apartment project adjacent to Tafoya Terrace. While these two apartment developments are available to tenants who receive Section 8 certificates, they are not restricted to only Section 8 tenants. The AHACV currently owns 73 units of public housing and provides an additional 123 rental vouchers to income- qualified households annually, totaling $1.7 million in housing payments in 2019. In-Lieu Fees and the Housing Trust Fund Since 1997, the City has collected or has agreements in place for the collection of in-lieu fees from developers for the purposes of providing affordable housing pursuant to development agreements. The in-lieu fees and amounts are project specific and vary based on the terms of the development agreement. Annual increases in the fees are tied to the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The in-lieu fee revenue collected from developers is placed in the housing trust fund, which is used (as specified by regulations) to assist in the development, rehabilitation, or preservation of affordable housing in Moorpark. In past years, the City has often used housing in-lieu fees to purchase residential land, which is then sold or transferred to developers of affordable housing who will build projects in Moorpark. The City has approximately $3.3 million in housing funds for affordable housing as of January 1, 2022. Housing Trust Fund Ventura County Housing Trust Fund (VCHTF) was created in 2008 to respond to the needs of affordable housing developments, which often experience funding gaps during the planning or construction phases. The VCHTF works to leverage funds by combining private resources with foundation and public agency funds to build a revolving loan fund dedicated to expanding affordable and workforce housing. VCHTF often makes loans early in the development cycle, before traditional funding is available, and thus provides the financial support and credibility needed to attract other money. Today, VCHTF has become a state and federal Certified Development Financial Institution (CDFI), receiving financial support from all 10 cities in Ventura County. VCHTF has provided bridge funds for most of the cities in Ventura, including three loans totaling $1,125,000 to finance the development of the Walnut Street Apartments. As part of the Housing Element, the City is planning on establishing a local housing trust fund. 513 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 124 Administrative Resources Ventura County has a large network of local nonprofits, government agencies, organizations, and developers who are active in providing affordable housing and social services to low and moderate- income families and individuals in Moorpark. Some of the many nonprofit agencies operating in Moorpark are noted below. First 5 Ventura County First 5 provides PACT (Parent and Child Together) classes and resources for families. Families can access screenings, referrals, parent education, and more services to families with children aged 0 to 5. Services provided include family education training on parenting issues; information, guidance, and referrals for children with special needs; resources for childcare and childcare providers; medical/dental/vision/nutrition screenings and workshops; Healthy Families/MediCal application assistance; adult English as a second language and literacy classes; and other services. Catholic Charities and Moorpark Community Service Center Catholic Charities is a nonprofit organization that provides various social services such as eviction prevention assistance, utility payments, and emergency rental payments. Since 1978, Catholic Charities has operated the Moorpark Food Pantry, which collects various donations of perishable and nonperishable food items, clothes, and personal hygiene items to be distributed to the neediest families in the community. Other services are provided to meet unexpected needs that a family or individual may have. Catholic Charities operates out of the Ruben Castro Human Services Center. Cabrillo Economic Development Corporation The Cabrillo Economic Development Corporation’s (CEDC) mission is to provide comprehensive housing services and community economic development activities through a community-building approach that facilitates self-sufficiency for individuals and families who are most lacking in opportunity in Ventura and Santa Barbara counties. CEDC also has construction, property management, homeownership, counseling, and community building divisions. CEDC, in cooperation with Peoples’ Self-Help Housing Corporation, was involved in developing the 62-unit Villa Campesina project in Moorpark. Habitat for Humanity of Ventura County Habitat for Humanity is a nonprofit organization dedicated to building affordable housing and rehabilitating damaged homes for lower income families. Located countywide, Habitat has an office in Simi Valley. Habitat builds and repairs homes for families with the help of volunteers and homeowner/partner families. Habitat homes are sold to partner families at no profit with affordable, no- interest loans. Volunteers, churches, businesses, and other groups provide most of the labor for the homes. Land for new homes is usually donated by government agencies. Since Habitat launched its “Preserve a Home” program in 2011, 12 homes have been rehabilitated in the county. 514 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 125 Many Mansions Inc. Many Mansions is a nonprofit housing and community development organization founded in 1979 to promote and provide safe, well-managed housing to limited income residents of cities in Ventura County. Many Mansions develops, owns, and self-manages special needs and permanent affordable housing. The organization also provides resident services, housing counseling, a food bank, and homeownership counseling. Many Mansions built the Walnut Avenue Apartment projects in Moorpark and is under contract to build additional affordable housing projects in Moorpark. Housing Rights Center Along with many other communities in Ventura County, Moorpark contracts with the Housing Rights Center to provide a wide range of fair housing services for residents. These services include landlord and tenant counseling regarding their rights and responsibilities, including questions about security deposits, evictions, repairs, rent increases, harassment, and more. The Housing Rights Center also offers investigations of discrimination and fair housing education and outreach. The Housing Rights Center participated in the regional analysis of fair housing for Ventura County. Ruben Castro Charities In 2012, the City of Moorpark built the Ruben Castro Human Services Center (RCHSC), a multiservice and “one stop” location where social service organizations provide services to vulnerable people in the community. Local nonprofits, including Catholic Charities, Interface, and the Ventura County Human Services Agency, have offices and operate from this location. The RCHSC also has the benefit of housing the County of Ventura’s Moorpark Family Medical clinic. The center is conveniently located in downtown Moorpark. Area Housing Authority The Area Housing Authority of the County of Ventura (AHACV) is an independent, nonprofit agency serving the unincorporated areas of Ventura County and the cities of Camarillo, Fillmore, Moorpark, Ojai, Simi Valley, and Thousand Oaks. The AHACV provides a range of services, but its primary responsibility is to manage the federal housing voucher program. The AHACV provides 123 rental housing vouchers to income-qualified households, owns and manages 73 public housing units, and partners with other agencies to provide housing and related services for residents of Moorpark. As of January 2020, the Housing Authority provides rental assistance to approximately 200 households in Moorpark. 515 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 126 4.6 Housing Program Evaluation Section 65588(a) of the California Government Code requires that local governments evaluate the effectiveness of their existing Housing Element; the appropriateness of goals, objectives, and policies; and the progress in implementing housing programs from the previous planning period. The following sections summarize the progress achieved in meeting the quantified objectives of the 2014–2021 Housing Element and a program-by-program assessment of the programs in the prior Housing Element. 4.6.1 Quantified Objectives The 2014-2021 Moorpark Housing Element contained specific quantified objectives for the development, rehabilitation, and preservation of housing in Moorpark. Table 4-34 lists those quantified objectives and the progress made toward each objective. The progress is derived from the annual progress reports for the Housing Element provided to the California Department of Housing and Community Development in accordance with §65400 of the Government Code. In summary, the City met its housing production goal for units affordable to above moderate-income households, but fell short for its very low, low, and moderate-income goals because these goals require public subsidies. Rehabilitation projects also fell short due to limitations in the structure of the program. Finally, no affordable multiple family projects are at-risk of conversion; therefore, no activity occurred. Table 4-34 2014-2021 Housing Element Objectives and Accomplishments Goals and Progress Affordability Level of Units Very Low Low Moderate Above Moderate Total Units Goals Housing Production1 289 197 216 462 1,164 Housing Rehabilitation2 20 15 0 0 35 Housing Preservation3 0 0 0 0 0 Progress Housing Production1 15 39 11 518 583 Housing Rehabilitation2 0 1 0 0 1 Housing Preservation3 0 0 0 0 0 Source: City of Moorpark, October 2020. 1 The quantified objective for housing production is equivalent to the City’s 2014 regional housing needs allocation. 2 Rehabilitation activity is constrained by the number of applications submitted and by applicants’ qualifications. 3 No multifamily housing projects were at risk of conversion to market rents; therefore, there is no quantified objective. 516 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 127 Progress Toward Addressing Special Needs Groups, 2014-2021 Moorpark is home to a number of groups with special housing needs, including seniors, large families, disabled persons, single-parent families, homeless people, and farmworkers. The 2014-2021 Housing Element thus included Goal 3, “Expand and Protect Housing Opportunities for Lower Income Households and Special Needs Groups,” to guide objectives for housing and related service programs. The following summarizes progress made over the 2014-2021 period with respect to housing and supportive services.  Disabled Residents. The City updated its Transition Plan and continued to modify infrastructure, facilities, and services to improve accessibility. This included an inclusive playground at Tejada Park. The Housing Authority allocated 41 vouchers to households with a disability in Moorpark. The City also approved the Oakmont Living project for residents with a disability. Regionally, transit agencies provided subsidized low cost transit to residents with a disability. Moorpark College and the local school district also provided specialized educational services to disabled students.  Large and Female-Headed Families. The City worked with Many Mansions to approve development of the Walnut Family Apartments, which contains 24 units (one-, two-, and three-bedroom floorplans). The Housing Authority provided 88 vouchers to lower income families. The City also worked with developers to build 43 single-family homes in three- and four-bedroom unit formats. The City also continued to maintain the long-term affordability of all its housing, including mobile homes. The First Five Learning Center continued to provide services to children of lower income families.  Seniors. The City approved an application for the 390-unit Aldersgate senior retirement community (as well as Oakmont Living), which will be developed during the 6th cycle. The Housing Authority continued to assist 60 elderly households with housing choice vouchers. The City provided a variety of services (e.g., recreation, health, fitness, etc.) to seniors at its Active Adult Center. Locally, Ruben Castro Charities, through its pantry locations, serve 50 senior households each month. The City also completed construction of the Ruben Castro Human Services Center in 2013 for local service agencies.  Homeless. The City has historically had one of the smallest homeless populations in Ventura County. In 2019, the City signed an MOU with the county committing to participation in a regional service system (Pathways to Home), use of the County’s HMIS system, and annual financial contributions to the county’s 2-1-1 system. Furthermore, the City committed to addressing local housing needs (transitional, supportive, extremely affordable, etc.). The City also supported the Ruben Castro Charities, which provides food pantry and other services to residents at risk of homelessness. The City also participated in the biennial homeless census to track emerging needs in Moorpark.  Farmworkers. The City updated its municipal code definitions regarding farm workers and agricultural housing. In 2012, Clinicas health clinic opened, which serves low income individuals and farmworkers. The Ruben Castro Charities also provides services to low income residents, including farmworkers. 517 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 128 4.6.2 Progress in Implementing Housing Element Programs The 2014–2021 Housing Element contained 22 housing programs to implement the goals and policies of the Housing Element. Table 4-35 describes the progress made in implementing each program based on annual progress reports submitted to the Department of Housing and Community Development. Also included is an evaluation of the appropriateness of the program for the 2021-2029 Housing Element based on City staff evaluation and interviews with stakeholders and workshop sessions with the GPAC. Additional programs will be added to the Housing Element based on staff evaluation, changes to state law, and comments received during the engagement process for the 2021-2029 Housing Element. Progress is summarized below. Table 4-35 Moorpark’s 2014-2021 Housing Element Progress Programs Program Specifics and Progress Objective Progress and Continued Appropriateness Program 1. Housing Rehabilitation Provide loans for a maximum of 25 single-family homes and 10 mobile homes  One mobile home loan was issued in the 2014-2021 cycle although the City has issued 60 rehab loans since the 1990s. In recent years, however, structural issues with the program have led staff to investigate repurposing funds from housing rehabilitation to other planning and program efforts.  Housing rehabilitation remains a concern, but the issue is localized in several areas or concentrated among lower income households. The City will continue the housing rehabilitation program for the 2021-2029 Housing Element, but seek different funding sources, partners (e.g., Habitat), and strategies to better target efforts. Program 2. Code Enforcement Continue code enforcement activities  Code Compliance responds to code violations to reduce the incidence of building and property maintenance hazards. Typical issues include illegal garage conversions, unpermitted subdivisions, unpermitted patio enclosures, people living in non-habitable structures and RVs, and drug houses. City staff see 4 to 8 cases per month for each category, usually concentrated in the Downtown.  Code compliance remains an important tool for maintaining quality of life and addressing blight and unsafe housing and property conditions. The City will continue this program for the 2021-2029 Housing Element. Active nonprofits may also be encouraged to help residents remedy violations. Program 3. RHNA Sites Ensure no net loss of residential capacity for the RHNA throughout 2014-2021  The City identified sufficient sites to accommodate the entire 2014–2021 RHNA as part of the Housing Element. Since adoption of the Housing Element, the City continues to implement this effort in accordance with SB 166.  The program will continue for the 2021-2029 Housing Element period since housing is a key council goal. 518 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 129 Table 4-35 Moorpark’s 2014-2021 Housing Element Progress Programs Program Specifics and Progress Objective Progress and Continued Appropriateness Additional housing sites will be added as part of the General Plan update, allowing the City to ensure no net loss of residential capacity through 2029. Program 4. Downtown Specific Plan Continue to implement the Downtown Specific Plan.  In 2020, the City amended the Specific Plan to allow mixed land uses. Subsequently, the City approved plans for the 69- unit High Street Station, which included 11 units deed restricted as affordable to moderate-income households.  As part of the General Plan update, the City will implement the Downtown Specific Plan to facilitate additional residential and mixed use development. This program will continue for the 2021-2029 Housing Element period. Program 5. Farmworker Housing Implement zoning regulations in conformance with the Employee Housing Act.  The Municipal Code continues to allow farmworker housing for employees of a farming operation in the zoning districts allowing rural residential and agricultural uses. No applications were submitted to develop farmworker housing.  The program will continue for the 2021-2029 Housing Element. The City anticipates revising zoning code provisions for employee housing and working with local and regional partners to address the need for farmworker housing. Program 6. Accessory Dwelling Units Continue to encourage and facilitate such uses  City staff updated ADU standards and process to comply with state law in effect as of 1/1/20. Handouts and customer references were updated. More than 40 ADU permits were issued from 2017 to 2020 and interest remains strong.  As a key strategy for the RHNA, this program will continue for the 2021-2029 Housing Element. The City will examine ways to incentivize additional ADU production and work with VCOG cities on a regional strategy to facilitate ADUs. Program 7. Emergency Shelters and Transitional and Supportive Housing Continue to comply with SB 2. Amend Zoning Code to update definitions of uses consistent with SB 745 of 2013.  In conformance with Government Code §§65583 and 65589.5, the zoning code allows emergency shelters by right subject to objective development standards in the C-2 zone, and at existing places of worship in residential zones. Definitions of transitional and supportive housing were also amended.  Though the City’s homeless population is small, this program will continue for the 2021-2029 Housing Element. The City will update the zoning code to allow navigation centers and reexamine codes that address housing for homeless people. Program 8. Single Room Occupancy Continue to allow SROs by right in the C-2 zone.  The City continues to maintain compliance. No applications were submitted requesting an SRO project. This program will continue to be implemented much like other municipal codes and will be reviewed and updated as state law changes. 519 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 130 Table 4-35 Moorpark’s 2014-2021 Housing Element Progress Programs Program Specifics and Progress Objective Progress and Continued Appropriateness  Because the action was simply a code amendment, this will not be included as a separate program in the 2021-2029 Housing Element. Program 9. “Section 8” Rental Housing Voucher Participate, advertise, and encourage rental property owners to register units with the Housing Authority.  Moorpark continues to participate in and advertise Section 8 Housing, which is provided and managed by the Area Housing Authority of the County of Ventura. Presently, there are 200 households using Section 8 vouchers in Moorpark.  Section 8 remains a key program to assist low-income renters and will continue for the 2021-2029 Housing Element. Opportunities for increasing the use of vouchers, particularly in new apartments, will also be explored. Program 10. Mortgage Credit Certificate Program Continue to participate in program and advertise.  From 2017-2019, 5 MCC loans were issued. The lack of loans in recent years is due to the escalation of housing prices and changes in tax laws. The program has yielded modest results, but first time homeownership remains a priority.  The MCC program will be deleted for the 2021-2029 Housing Element, but the City will explore funding sources to start a new homeownership program for residents. Program 11a. Mobile Home Affordability Monitor Villa Del Arroyo's compliance with its Regulatory Agreement  The City monitors Villa Del Arroyo’s compliance agreement to ensure that the 48 affordable units remain occupied by very-low-income families. Villa Arroyo may be eligible for assistance under AB 83 (Housing Trailer bill), so this project may warrant further review in the Housing Element.  This program will continue for the 2021-2029 Housing Element. The City will also explore options to maintain/improve the condition of the mobile home park to retain its long-term viability. Program 11b. Resale Refinance and Option to Purchase Monitor Resale Refinance Restriction and Option to Purchase Agreements.  The City continues to monitor the status of affordable projects that received public financing to ensure that occupancy and affordability terms are maintained in accordance with their agreements. Currently none of the projects are at risk of conversion.  While there are no affordable projects at risk of conversion, it will remain important to retain this program as there may be options for improving existing properties. This program will continue for the 2021-2029 Housing Element. Program 12. Inclusionary Program Implement fee expenditure priorities; Use inclusionary funds to assist  The City continues to implement these fee expenditure priorities: 1) affordable housing production; 2) subsidy of affordable housing; 3) housing rehabilitation; and 4) housing assistance. From 2014 to 2021, the City facilitated development of 19 VLI units. 520 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 131 Table 4-35 Moorpark’s 2014-2021 Housing Element Progress Programs Program Specifics and Progress Objective Progress and Continued Appropriateness development of up to 20 VLI units by the end of 2014.  While the program continues to be successful, since the City is updating its General Plan and zoning code, the City will explore the adoption of an inclusionary requirement and formal expenditure policy to ensure development of affordable housing. Program 14. Land Assemblage Assist in purchase and assembly of land to accommodate the City's fair share of housing needs.  The City continues to encourage the provision of quality, affordable housing through use of land write-downs, assemblage of land, direct financial assistance, and/or regulatory incentives. The Successor Agency negotiated a DDA on property it owns on Everett Street to provide for 23 very low/low-income affordable units.  This program has been effective in facilitating and encouraging the development of affordable housing and therefore will continue for the 2021-2029 Housing Element. Program 15. Regulatory and Financial Assistance Provide regulatory assistance for projects that address local housing needs at least twice during the planning period.  The City provided regulatory assistance to the Area Housing Authority to facilitate development of Charles Street Terrace. The City also granted a $2 million fee reduction for under- grounding utility lines for projects. The City is renegotiating DAs to assist in the development of affordable housing.  This program has been effective in facilitating and encouraging the development of affordable housing and therefore will continue for the 2021-2029 Housing Element. Program 16. Assistance to CHDOs Continue to work with local CHDOs by providing assistance for affordable housing.  The City assembled 3 parcels on 136 First Street, 1.6 acres for Pacific Communities, and other parcels for potential affordable housing (e.g., Charles Street, Fremont Street, and Walnut Canyon). The City recently worked with a CHDO to assist in the development of the Walnut Street Apartments.  For the 2021-2029 Housing Element, the City will seek to expand its potential collaborative partners to facilitate the provision of affordable housing and services to residents. Program 17. Density Bonus Continue to monitor state Density Bonus law and update local regulations as needed  The City updated its density bonus ordinance in 2017. Since its adoption, a density bonus was granted for the Walnut Street Apartments, and other projects are underway.  This program will continue for the 2021-2029 Housing Element. However, the ordinance will also be updated for the latest changes in density bonus provisions in state law and for consistency with the inclusionary housing ordinance. Program 18. R-P-D Designation and PDP Process Continue to use R- P-D Zone to encourage a variety of housing  The City continues to use the R-P-D zone and PDP process to facilitate the development of affordable housing, most recently for the Walnut Street Apartments for families. This is 521 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 132 Table 4-35 Moorpark’s 2014-2021 Housing Element Progress Programs Program Specifics and Progress Objective Progress and Continued Appropriateness to address local needs. the primary zone used to facilitate the production of multiple family and affordable housing at higher densities.  This program will continue for the 2021-2029 Housing Element. However, the role of the RPD will diminish because amendments to existing General Plan designations and zoning will allow for additional capacity without an RPD. Program 19. Off-Street Parking Continue to monitor parking conditions in residential developments.  The City’s Code Compliance continues to monitor off-street parking congestion in residential neighborhoods and respond to complaints as necessary. Off-street parking remains an issue at times in overcrowded areas or hillsides.  While off-street parking remains an issue, this effort will continue but will be subsumed under the larger Code Compliance Program for the 2021-2029 Housing Element. Program 20. Fair Housing Services Continue provision of fair housing services and publicize services throughout  The Housing Rights Center, as the fair housing provider for Ventura County cities, continues to provide counseling and legal guidance for residents and landlords regarding all fair- housing-related concerns. HRC holds workshops as well.  Given the City Council’s direction on housing opportunity, this program may be expanded for the 2021-2029 Housing Element, not only to increase housing choice and opportunity, but to address other fair housing concerns. Program 21. Reasonable Accommodation Continue to implement the ordinance  In 2016, the City issued one zoning clearance 2016-366 for a Reasonable Accommodation to convert one garage space to a wheelchair-accessible pantry for the resident. No other reasonable accommodations were identified.  As this program is a key “aging in place” strategy, the reasonable accommodation program will continue for the 2021-2029 Housing Element. To increase participation, the program will be advertised online and through other venues. Program 22. Childcare Facilities Consider incentives for co-locating childcare facilities and affordable housing; prioritize funds for projects with family support and childcare  The City partners with First 5 to provide childcare, preschool type services at the Ruben Castro Human Services Center and manage a preschool at the Arroyo Vista Center. During the 2014-2021 cycle, no developers used childcare facilities to receive development incentives such as the density bonus.  This program will be folded into the density bonus update program for the 2021-2029 Housing Element. Sources: City of Moorpark, Annual Progress Reports, 2014-2020; Interviews with City staff and program managers; housing stakeholders. 522 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 133 4.6.3 Housing Element Outreach State law requires cities to make a "diligent effort" to achieve participation by all segments of the city in the Housing Element. The Housing Element update was part of an overall update to the General Plan, so Moorpark solicited input from the public throughout the Housing Element process—during development of the draft element, public review of the draft element, and the adoption process. A high-level summary of the City’s program for public engagement and participation follows. Community Survey The City administered an online survey via SurveyMonkey from June 17, 2020, through August 31, 2020. The City advertised the survey using postcard mailers, social media, “M-Powered” newsletters, Moorpark TV, and the General Plan project website at MoorparkGeneralPlan.com. The survey was available in English and Spanish. Participants were asked about how important it was to provide more of certain housing types in Moorpark. The most important housing characteristic reflected was the need for a mix of housing types (reported by 70% of the respondents), closely followed by affordable rental housing (noted by 69% of residents). Feedback received through this survey was considered by the City and GPAC and was reflected in the City’s Strategic Plan goals. General Plan Advisory Committee As part of the General Plan update, a GPAC was appointed to provide input, feedback, and recommendations to City staff, the Planning Commission, and City Council on key components of the General Plan update. All GPAC meetings were duly advertised and open to any member of the public who could attend either in person or online. All agendas and materials can be found at: http://moorparkgeneralplan.com/participate/gpac/. GPAC meetings were also covered by the local press, with articles posted in the Moorpark Acorn, and other organizations. Between 2020 and 2021, the GPAC held one dozen meetings covering topics relevant to the Housing Element, including housing sites; housing needs and trends; and housing goals, policies, and programs. GPAC agendas indicated that assistance and information in Spanish would be available upon request. Meeting dates and topics that provided foundation material for the General Plan update and the development of the 2021-2029 Housing Element were: October 1, 2020. GPAC Orientation October 22, 2020. Visioning December 10, 2020. Visioning November 12, 2020 Existing Conditions February 25, 2021. Opportunity Sites March 18, 2021. Opportunity Sites April 29, 2021. Development Types and Housing May 27, 2021. Land Use and Opportunity Sites July 10, 2021. Land Use Workshop September 2, 2021. Housing Issues December 9, 2021. Housing Goals and Programs December 16, 2021. Land Use Opportunity Areas 523 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 134 Special Needs Consultations The City conducted direct consultations with community stakeholders and developers during the update of the Housing Element. These included groups such as senior service providers, service providers to people with disabilities, college representatives, service agencies for lower income populations, developers and architects, nonprofit housing developers, and fair housing organizations. These consultations helped to refine the issues and priorities for the 2021-2029 Housing Element. Interviews included:  Farmworker Housing Interests (House Farmworkers)  Homeless Service Providers (County of Ventura)  Senior Service Agencies (City of Moorpark, Area Agency on Aging)  Disabled Person Organizations (Independent Living Center, Tri County Regional)  Fair Housing (Housing Rights Center, DEFH, and HUD)  College Student, Faculty, and Employees (Moorpark College)  Affordable Housing Developers (People’s Self Help, Habitat, etc.)  Market Rate Housing Developers (Private Developers and Architects) Website Presence The City made a diligent effort to keep the public informed about the status of the General Plan update and 2021-2029 Housing Element update. A General Plan website was set up to inform residents of the update, including the Housing Element. The website included presentations made to the advisory committee, planning reference documents, information from community surveys, draft Housing Element, review letters from HCD, and other materials. The website can be accessed online at: http://moorparkgeneralplan.com. 524 Homo Built for I.I It Overvtew Parhctpate • Resources FAQ Contact Us arln resc· re• (land. water, Click here to review Moorpark's Vision Statement! for trucks "'" ,,g trails thatcon ect Senior and Teen Center e e •11ers. '/Of hiking trails HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 135 Incorporation of Outreach Results Through more than a dozen GPAC meetings and many supplemental discussions with community stakeholders, new and expanded housing programs were proposed for the Housing Element. Table 4-36 lists those programs. Further information on each program is found in the Housing Plan. Table 4-36 Highlights of Selected Program Changes Based on Outreach Comments by Goal Area Program Specifics and Progress Synopsis Incorporated Goal 1: Housing and Neighborhood Quality Need for stronger housing rehabilitation and neighborhood improvement; extend to mobile homes and underserved areas such as Downtown and Virginia Colony  Restart housing rehabilitation program  Include capital improvement plan  Priority for underserved areas Goal #2: Housing Assistance Need to establish citywide inclusionary requirements and sustainable long-term fund to support housing production. Also need funding to allow new/existing residents to purchase homes  New citywide inclusionary program – not dependent on project-by-project DDAs.  New Affordable housing trust fund program  Restart/refund homeownership program  Develop priority list for fund expenditure Goal #3: Housing Opportunities Significant need to expand the type, breadth, and tenure of affordable and market rate housing  Stronger ADU program  Stronger homeless housing/services program  New College/Faculty Housing program  New Seniors/disabled people program  New Farmworker Housing program Goal #4: Remove Housing Constraints Developers, stakeholders, and City staff recognized the many constraints to the production of housing – permit processing, fees, lack of land and need for collaborative partners  New Development Fee Study program  New Permit Process Streamlining program  New comprehensive Zoning Code update  New collaborative partnership program  Expanded land acquisition/disposition program Goal 5. Fair Housing While systemic fair housing issued were not found, the City needs to significantly expand housing opportunities for all ages and incomes  Fair housing program expanded  New housing opportunity programs targeting the City’s special needs groups  Housing and reinvestment strategies targeting underserved areas/groups  Homeownership programs to help residents build wealth Sources: City of Moorpark, Stakeholder Interviews, 2021. 525 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 136 4.7 Housing Plan The Housing Plan is Moorpark’s statement of priorities for addressing its housing needs. It contains a series of goals, policies, and implementation programs to address local housing needs in accordance with statutory requirements set forth in Housing Element law. The goals represent end states that the City desires to achieve over the Housing Element period. Policies provide strategic guidance to achieve the future end state desired by the City. Programs refer to implementation activities that the City is committed to undertaking to achieve or further achievement of a policy and/or goal. As the City looks forward through 2029 and beyond, the Housing Plan (e.g., goals, policies, and programs) is intended to reflect three major emphases: 1) state law requirements to address the maintenance, preservation, improvement, and development of housing for residents of all economic segments in a manner that affirmatively furthers fair housing; 2) local needs that require a broader mix of affordable, accessible, and quality housing that serves the needs of all residents; and 3) City Council strategic goal to identify options and solutions to barriers for housing for all economic and age ranges. 526 . ., •, \~ •. ' ~t. ~ , •• ~ HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 137 4.6.1 Housing Goals and Policies Housing and Neighborhood Quality Moorpark residents cherish their neighborhoods and the peaceful and desirable environment provided. In south Moorpark, the Mountain Meadows, Peach Hill, and Carlsberg neighborhoods provide a mix of single-family suburban neighborhoods, predominantly comprised of single-family homes. The Downtown is the City’s historic core, dating back to the founding of the community. It provides the greatest variety of housing–single-family to townhomes to apartments–in highly differentiated districts. The College area is master planned, providing single-family and townhome units. Moorpark Highlands and other areas north of downtown provide residential hillside settings. Maintaining neighborhoods and housing in good condition is a priority to ensure desirable residential environments. The City continues to undertake efforts to provide supporting infrastructure and public facilities; offer a mix of quality parks and open spaces; and offer programs to maintain and improve the quality of housing. These efforts will ensure the long-term health and viability of neighborhoods. Goal HE-1: Provide neighborhoods of well-maintained homes, ample public services and facilities, open spaces and recreation, and infrastructure that provide quality places to reside. Policies HE-1.1 Building Code Compliance. Ensure that all new housing construction adheres to applicable building, safety, health, and energy conservation requirements. HE-1.2 Code Compliance. Monitor and enforce building and property maintenance code standards and enlist volunteer participation in maintaining housing and residential neighborhoods. HE-1.3 Neighborhood Amenities. Provide public safety services, infrastructure maintenance, and other public services to maintain the quality of neighborhoods, and the environment. HE-1.4 Housing Condition. Facilitate the repair, revitalization, and rehabilitation of residential dwellings to provide safe and healthful housing for all residents. HE-1.5 Historic Preservation. Support the designation, preservation, and maintenance of historically and/or architecturally significant buildings. HE-1.6 Neighborhood Revitalization. Prioritize funding to rehabilitate housing, provide services, and improve infrastructure in older neighborhoods that have experienced limited investment. 527 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 138 Housing Assistance Recent years have seen housing prices outpace increases in household income. The high demand for housing coupled with a limited supply of housing has made it more difficult to find and afford housing. Increased housing prices and rents have made it more difficult for younger families to buy or rent housing and, in some cases, have led to families leaving the City to buy housing. The unaffordability of rental and ownership housing has made it particularly difficult for college students and faculty, farmworkers, seniors, people with a disability, and others to find and retain housing. Responding to these housing needs requires a sustainable housing strategy that will provide long-term solutions. Housing production is required to address the shortage of housing that underlies price increases. Homeownership assistance is required to attract and retain younger households and other demographic groups. Rental assistance is equally important, allowing households the ability to accumulate wealth and to retain their homes. Preservation of existing affordable housing also helps existing lower income residents retain their housing. Goal HE-2: Facilitate expansion, improvement, and preservation of housing options and support the provision of housing assistance for lower, moderate-income, and special needs households. Policies HE-2.1 Financial Assistance. Use public financial resources, to the extent feasible, to support provision of housing for lower income and special needs households. HE-2.2 Rental/Ownership Assistance. Support county efforts to provide rental assistance and provide homeownership assistance to expand options for low-moderate-income buyers. HE-2.3 Preservation of Affordable Housing. Support the conservation and preservation of mobile home park, publicly subsidized housing, and other sources of affordable housing. HE-2.4 Inclusionary Housing. Require 15% of newly constructed units in qualified ownership and rental housing developments to be affordable to lower-moderate-income households. HE-2.5 Collaborative Partnerships. Participate in and support collaborative partnerships that provide funding and assistance for the development, improvement, and preservation of housing. HE-2.6 Supportive Services. Provide assistance, where feasible, financial and administrative resources to community-based organizations serving Moorpark residents. 528 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 139 Housing Opportunities While Moorpark has developed as a primarily single-family residential and suburban community, the City is gradually changing along with the rest of Ventura County. Broader demographic trends (aging, diversification, household composition, income levels, etc.) coupled with ongoing economic shifts in employment and income levels have changed the role of the City in the region and its population. As the City matures and progresses toward its buildout, the City can expect demographic changes and a continued need for a broader range of housing types. Housing diversity will be a key theme to retain residents. Moorpark strives to have a balanced supply of housing products affordable for all income levels, including groups with special needs. With the high cost of housing in the City, there is an acknowledged need for also addressing a missing middle, including courtyard housing, affordable townhomes, triplexes and fourplexes. Moreover, providing expanded housing options for lower income residents will continue to be needed. The intent of this goal is to assist in the provision of housing to meet the full needs of the community, including renter and owner households of varying lifestyle needs. Goal HE-3: Facilitate well-designed housing that is diverse in product type, occupancy, location, affordability, and tenure and that meets the existing and future needs of residents. Policies HE-3.1 Housing Sites. Identify adequate sites to be made available and zoned at the appropriate densities, to achieve housing goals set forth in the RHNA. HE-3.2 Adequate Service Levels. Ensure residential sites and developments have appropriate and adequate levels of public services, facilities, circulation, and other infrastructure and services. HE-3.3 Housing Design. Encourage exemplary design in housing architecture, site layout, and landscaping consistent with the General Plan, design standards, and sustainability principles. HE-3.4 Mixed Use Development. Promote and encourage mixed-use residential and commercial uses, where appropriate, to create more vibrant neighborhoods and activity centers. HE-3.5 Expanded Housing Options. Support and facilitate a broader range of housing options for college students and faculty, farmworkers, disabled people, seniors, and homeless people. HE-3.6 Missing Middle Income. Support the development of missing middle-income housing, including smaller courtyard housing, triplex/duplexes, cottage housing, and other small-lot developments. 529 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 140 Housing Constraints Moorpark, like many communities in the region, faces potential constraints to housing production. Environmental features include hillside topography, floodplains that span the length of the City, nearby fault lines, and wildfire hazard zones on the north and southern hillsides. These features require special attention to mitigate potential impacts., The City also has a diminishing stock of vacant land. As the City is the newest incorporated community in 1983, many local ordinances were inherited from county ordinances. Moorpark is updating its General Plan and zoning code to address many of the issues that affect the development of residential uses that offer communitywide benefit. The City must be increasingly flexible and creative in the ways it can reduce regulatory, market, or environmental barriers to development while still ensuring environmental impacts are fully addressed and that residential projects are well designed and add value to the community. These methods must extend beyond singular strategies of relaxing development standards but also must include ways to encourage the consolidation of lots and facilitate the creative reuse of underutilized sites. The following goals and policies address potential constraints. Goal HE-4: Where appropriate, mitigate to the extent feasible, constraints to the production, maintenance, and improvement of housing. Policies HE-4.1 Municipal Ordinances. Periodically review City regulations, ordinances, and fees/exactions to ensure they do not unduly constrain the production, maintenance, and improvement of housing. HE-4.2 Regulatory Concessions. Offer regulatory incentives and concessions for affordable housing, including relief from development standards and density bonuses where appropriate. HE-4.3 Permit Processing. Provide for streamlined, timely, coordinated, and concurrent processing of residential projects to minimize holding cots and encourage the production of housing. HE-4.4 Infill/Mixed Use. Support infill residential and mixed use development at suitable locations and provide, where appropriate and feasible, incentives to facilitate their development. HE-4.5 Administrative Exceptions. Offer administrative exceptions to standards, where feasible, that will be needed to facilitate and encourage the production of housing. HE-4.6 Land Assemblage. Facilitate the acquisition, consolidation, and disposition of land in accordance with state law to support the development of affordable housing. 530 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 141 Fair Housing State law requires that all communities affirmatively further fair housing. These provisions guarantee protections to all residents, prohibiting housing discrimination through public or private land-use practices, decisions, and authorizations based on protected status according to state and federal fair housing law. Affirmatively furthering fair housing requires meaningful and deliberate actions to overcome disparities, promote fair housing choice, and foster inclusive communities free from discrimination and other barriers that restrict access to opportunity based on protected characteristics. While the City is predominantly a high(est) resource community, the City is actively committed to expanding housing opportunities for all of its residents regardless of where they reside. This includes providing a diversity of housing and services that are available in each respective neighborhood. The City Council remains firmly committed to improving the equity in housing for residents of all incomes. Goal HE-5: Further equity in the provision, type, and affordability of housing and the availability of services for all Moorpark residents. Policies HE-5.1 Fair Housing Services. Support fair housing services to residents, property owners, landlords, lenders, and others in the provision, financing, and occupancy of housing. HE-5.2 Prohibit Discrimination. Work to end discrimination in either the sale, rental, financing, or occupancy of housing on the basis of state or federal protected classes. HE-5.3 Equitable Access to Resources. Work to ensure that all neighborhoods have equitable access to public facilities, supporting infrastructure, and community services. HE-5.4 Inclusive Public Participation. Provide an open and receptive forum for City residents, commissions, stakeholders, and City staff to discuss opportunities to improve fair housing. HE-5.5 Municipal Practices. Administer municipal programs and activities relating to community development and housing in a manner that affirmatively furthers fair housing. HE-5.6 Housing Stability, Health and Equity. Expand the availability of a diverse housing stock that is suitable for different lifestyle needs, is affordable, and in healthful condition. HE-5.7 Place-Based Investment. Focus resources to improve and maintain the resources and opportunities available in older areas of Moorpark which require greater investment. 531 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 142 4.6.2 Housing Programs Housing and Neighborhood Rehabilitation Program 1: Historic Preservation Although incorporated in 1983, the City of Moorpark dates back more than a century to the original agricultural communities of Epworth and Fremontville in the late 1800s and early 1900s. The town of Moorpark was founded in 1900, centered around the downtown and railroad line. The Downtown Core, its street layout, infrastructure, scattered housing projects, and vestiges of the City’s agricultural past are scattered in the core of the community and potentially the northern sphere. The City’s knowledge of historic resources is limited to defined county landmarks, surveys of a few properties, general knowledge of the City’s history and resources, and a historic preservation ordinance. A general district assessment would help establish a baseline of resources and indicate a need for more formal historic planning. Objective(s):  Initiate a general identification and assessment of historic resources in the downtown to assist in determination of the need for more formal preservation activities.  Work with Moorpark Historical Society and other local and regional partners to assist in identifying resources.  Explore programs to assist the City in preserving historic resources or older housing that is of local importance. Program 2: Housing Rehabilitation The City periodically administers a housing rehabilitation loan and/or grant program to assist Moorpark residents in making repairs and improvements to their homes. While the program is not funded at this time, there remains a continued need to assist residents in repairing their homes, addressing code violations, and making accessibility improvements. A field survey identified that homes in the Virginia Colony, Downtown, and Villa Del Arroyo Mobile Home Estates could benefit from rehabilitation assistance. Other homes scattered throughout the City might also be assisted. To address this unmet need, the City will seek funding and collaborative partners to provide financial assistance needed to restart the housing rehabilitation program. This program will assist in ensuring that housing provides a safe and healthful environment for residents, particularly for households with limited financial means, and will improve housing security by allowing residents to live in safe and healthful housing. Objective(s):  Seek, apply for, and allocate funding for housing rehabilitation program.  Develop program to include assistance for ownership units, mobile homes, and rental units.  Contact nonprofits capable of making home repairs and/or providing financial assistance. 532 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 143 Program 3: Housing Code Compliance Code compliance is one of the most tangible ways to maintain quality housing and neighborhoods. The City’s Building Code, Housing Code, Property Maintenance Code, and other regulations establish minimum standards for the construction and maintenance of buildings, property, and structures. The City’s Code Compliance program enforces these regulations to protect the health, safety, and welfare of the public, maintain quality neighborhoods, and ensure a high quality of life. The program also includes enforcement of the no-smoking/vaping ordinance in apartment properties and compliance with parking restrictions in neighborhoods. In addition to City codes, homeowners may need to comply with Codes, Covenants, and Restrictions adopted by homeowner associations that are more restrictive than City ordinances and that are outside the purview of City staff. To encourage code compliance, the City provides information about relevant codes and resources available to address code violations. Objective(s):  Require adherence to local property regulations and requirements.  Ensure that new housing meets state building codes, including green building designs.  Conduct code compliance inspections averaging up to 150 residences or properties on an annual basis.  Implement new Energov system to track code compliance cases, building permit issuance, and entitlement permitting. Program 4: Capital Improvement Plan Every year, the Public Works Department submits a Capital Improvement Program (CIP) that identifies needed improvements to capital facilities such as streets, storm drains, parks and facilities, water facilities, and wastewater systems, etc. The CIP is correlated with goals, policies, and programs of the General Plan and adopted Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Transition Plan to expand access to facilities, infrastructure, and services. The City will be retaining a consultant to identify and quantify the condition of pavement and associated infrastructure. Expenditures are prioritized based on community needs and the availability of funding. Programs can be neighborhood specific or have broader community benefit. This process will help the City maintain the quality of its operating infrastructure, address and prevent the accumulation of deferred maintenance, and ensure that resources are wisely expended. As part of the program, the City will also prioritize improvements to the disadvantaged areas noted in the AFH. Objective(s):  Prepare, implement, and report the CIP to City Council to improve community infrastructure  Develop a geographic information system (GIS)-based pavement management system to guide street maintenance and repair.  Target efforts, to the extent feasible, to areas that have experienced disinvestment. 533 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 144 Housing Assistance Programs Housing assistance programs include those designed to assist extremely low-, very low-, low-, and moderate-income households secure and retain affordable housing in the community. Program 5: Inclusionary Housing/Nexus Study/Fee The City implements an informal inclusionary housing program and requires developers to set aside up to 15% of new units as affordable to lower- and moderate-income households. This program has facilitated the production of several hundred apartments, condos, and single-family housing units affordable to income-eligible households. However, the current inclusionary requirement only applies to projects requiring a legislative action (e.g., a zone change or General Plan amendment). With the enactment of SB 166, many cities are adopting inclusionary ordinances to ensure that affordable housing is built, to avoid “no-net loss requirements,” and to assist the City in meeting state obligations. Having a formal program will streamline the process as it will avoid a project-by-project negotiation and complex development agreement. The program can be structured to require different levels of affordability for rental or ownership projects, thus tailoring the program to market conditions. Objective(s):  Conduct a nexus study as a prerequisite to design an inclusionary requirement.  Draft and adopt the inclusionary housing program and expenditure priorities.  Monitor program effectiveness on an annual basis. Program 6: Affordable Housing Trust Fund While the State of California has made increasingly more financial assistance available for affordable housing, it has also become more competitive to secure funds for local governments. To help address the gap in funding, the City seeks to establish a Moorpark Affordable Housing Trust Fund (AHTF) Program to fund the provision of long-term below market rate housing for very low-, low-, and moderate-income households and enhance housing opportunities for all economic segments of the community. The AHTF is anticipated to be used for a wide variety of housing-related purposes, including the provision of loans to qualified developers, public entities, groups, and individuals to encourage the development of new housing and obtain credit toward the City’s current and future RHNA mandate. Objective(s):  Develop and adopt AHTF program parameters (priority, eligibility, and assistance levels).  Seek mechanism to establish, grow, and maintain the affordable housing trust fund.  Issue RFQs for affordable housing in conjunction with the City’s acquisition, land assemblage, and disposition program to further City affordable housing goals and priorities. 534 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 145 Program 7: Assist in the Development of Affordable Housing The provision of housing for extremely low-, very low-, and low-income households is a priority of the State of California and a requirement for the City’s Housing Element. Moorpark will develop an affordable housing assistance program to assist in the development of extremely low-, very low-, and low-income housing by leveraging a variety of affordability tools, incentives, partners, and financing. For instance, the City will develop an inclusionary ordinance that requires the provision of affordable housing as part of new projects (Program #5). The second component (Program #23) will be the implementation of regulatory and financial incentives (e.g., density bonus, administrative exceptions, and other regulatory relief) to improve project feasibility. The third component (Program #6) will be the establishment of the Moorpark Affordable Housing Trust Fund to provide a self-sustaining fund to support the long-term delivery of affordable housing. The combination of affordability requirements, development incentives, funding sources, and administrative capacity will be the basis for the City’s new housing program. Objective(s):  Recruit a new Program Manager, Housing, or equivalent position to implement housing program  Develop the City's affordable housing assistance program, including funding and revenue stream  Fund affordable housing projects that achieve the goals of the Housing Element and General Plan Program 8: Housing Choice Voucher (Section 8) The housing choice voucher program is administered by the Area Housing Authority of the County of Ventura (AHACV) that provides rental assistance to extremely low- and very low-income households. The program offers a rent “voucher” that is equal to the difference between the current fair market rent for an apartment and what a tenant can afford to pay (i.e., based on 30 percent of their household income). The AHACV sets preferences for the following six groups: Residency (lives or works in City), AHA Preference, Elderly, Disability, Veteran/Active Serviceperson, or Families Terminated Due to Insufficient Funding. A tenant may choose to live in housing that costs above the normal 30-percent payment standard if they pay the extra rental cost. Housing vouchers can be allocated to projects (“project-based”) or to renters (tenant-based). Presently, about 200 income-eligible households benefit from the housing choice voucher program in Moorpark. While the AHACV is solely responsible for administering this federal program, the City can support county efforts through referrals and public information/advertisements. Objective(s):  Participate in the housing choice voucher program and refer eligible households to the County Authority for rental vouchers.  Publicize program through a housing resource brochure and on the City’s website, including outreach and education on the state’s source of income protection (SB 329, SB 222)  Publicize housing choice program to homeowners every two years to maintain at least 189 vouchers issued by the AHACV and encourage participation 535 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 146 Program 9: Homeownership Assistance Moorpark has always been known for its high rate of homeownership. However, housing prices have soared over the past decade. Local surveys indicate that residents and businesses see the need for expanding homeownership opportunities, particularly as a means of retaining and attracting employees, providing young adults the option to stay in Moorpark rather than move to other lower-cost cities, and allowing individuals to downsize to other homes. Traditionally, the City has supported the mortgage credit certificate program, but it has had limited success because of housing prices. Nevertheless, with the adoption of an inclusionary ordinance, the increase in the number of forecasted affordable single- family homes, and the pursuit of other complementary affordable housing funds, the opportunity exists to retool the homeownership program to better align with the real estate market in Moorpark. Objective(s):  Retool the homeownership opportunity program, with a focus on moderately priced single-family homes, condominiums, and townhomes.  Prioritize funding and opportunities to Moorpark residents and those working or attending educational institutions in the community.  Apply for up to two funding grants before 2025 and two after 2025; and if successful, seek to assist up to 10 households during the planning period. Program 10: Affordable Housing Preservation Moorpark has more than a dozen affordable housing projects serving lower moderate-income residents. Traditionally, these projects have received public assistance in return for affordable housing units. The City has four apartment properties that receive public subsidies. In addition, the City has mobile homes, condominiums, townhomes, and single-family homes that also have deed restrictions guaranteeing long- term affordability or, due to market sales prices, are affordable to low- and moderate-income residents. Some of the projects have options to terminate affordability covenants during the 7th cycle Housing Element, while others are restricted as affordable in perpetuity. While no affordable housing project is at risk of conversion to non-low-income uses in the next 10 years, the City supports the long-term preservation of these properties. Moorpark will initiate discussions with owners of at-risk properties. Objective(s):  Initiate and maintain discussions with owners of affordable housing properties as to their needs. As feasible, identify and/or offer options to maintaining the long-term affordability of the properties.  If needed, coordinate technical assistance and education to tenants and work with owners regarding proper notification procedures should properties become at risk of conversion.  Continue to implement condominium conversions, require adherence to regulation requiring housing affordability, and periodically review for effectiveness.  Prepare an annual report for the Planning Commission, City Council, stakeholders, and the public regarding status and progress in achieving housing goals. 536 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 147 Housing Opportunities Programs Housing production programs are specifically designed to expand the number, type, and availability of housing in the community through specific programs to address different need groups. Program 11: Downtown Specific Plan Moorpark has long envisioned a downtown that provides a vibrant and pedestrian-oriented environment with shopping, entertainment, and housing for residents. Such an opportunity would capitalize on the Metrolink extension and the economic activity that accompanies increased rail activity. The Downtown Specific Plan encompasses the Moorpark Downtown and Old Moorpark area. The plan envisions transforming Downtown Moorpark into a vibrant commercial and residential destination that harkens back to its earliest days as the center of the community. The plan outlines the envisioned uses for each parcel, including residential, multifamily, mixed-use, and commercial uses. In addition, the plan prescribes roadway improvements and circulation changes and lists the various infrastructure features and services. The City recently approved the development of the High Street Depot, the City’s first mixed-use project adjacent to the railroad right-of-way. The City anticipates continuing to support development and revitalization of the downtown as part of implementation of the Housing Element. Objective(s):  Continue to implement the Downtown Specific Plan and support the introduction of residential, mixed uses, and other land uses within the area.  Revise and adopt current specific plans to include objective development and design standards for all projects to be drafted in accordance with Gov’t Code §65913 and 66300. Program 12: Objective Development and Design Standards Ensuring well-designed residential projects is essential to creating a desirable living environment and preserving and enhancing the character of neighboring areas. Design review is accomplished through three means—specific plans, RPD process, or through specific requirements of overlay zones. Following staff review of the application, the Planning Commission then reviews the project based on findings. Currently, the City does not have stand-alone residential design guidelines that are applied citywide. Instead, design standards are negotiated on a project-by-project basis. At times, the lack of standards has resulted in delays for approving and conditioning applications for residential development projects. Looking forward, the City seeks to provide greater certainty to the development community regarding the City’s expectations for residential development in accordance with applicable state law. Objective(s):  Prepare and adopt objective development and design standards (zoning, subdivision, or design review) for all projects in accordance with Gov’t Code §65913 and 66300. 537 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 148 Program 13: Housing Sites Inventory This Housing Element provides an inventory of residential projects in the development pipeline that contain vacant and underutilized sites that will fully accommodate the city’s 2021-2029 RHNA. To facilitate and encourage development, the City will maintain an inventory and map of these sites for residential development and other sites that will be redesignated after adoption of the General Plan. Many of the residential projects in the pipeline were included in the prior 2014-2021 Housing Element. Projects and needed sites will be monitored to ensure that there is no net loss in residential development capacity during the planning period. However, if sites become insufficient for the RHNA or projects are not completed in a prescribed timeframe, additional sites will be redesignated in accordance with state law. Objective(s):  Maintain inventory of residential sites needed to address the 2021-2029 RHNA; periodically review list of sites for compliance with no-net-loss requirement.  Allow by-right residential projects consistent with zoning that offers 20% of units affordable to low- income households and are proposed on sites from the 2014-2021 Housing Element.  If housing products and affordability levels are different than anticipated and cause a shortfall in the RHNA, redesignate sites within 180 days to address the shortfall. Program 14: Developer Assistance The City is relying on the development of ten (pipeline) residential projects along with accessory dwelling units to satisfy its 2021-2029 RHNA. All of these pipeline residential projects have been proceeding through various stages of the entitlement process—application, CEQA clearance, developer agreement, affordable housing agreement, building permit, and construction. As such, various assistance is beneficial at times to ensure that these projects continue to move forward. The City will play an active role in facilitating the timely approval and development of each of these projects. In addition, the City is working with other applicants on future/proposed mixed-use development projects following adoption of the General Plan. To ensure timely completion, the City commits to continue proactively working with developers and property owners throughout each step of the projects. If projects are not completed in a timely manner, the City will undertake measures to find additional sites or projects (see Program #13). Objective(s):  Outreach to property owners and developers of pipeline projects as a means to identify and address potential obstacles to developing their property  Support funding applications (e.g., tax credit, bonds, etc.) to help applicants be awarded local, state, and federal monies  Continue to coordinate with applicants using a “Conditions Compliance Checklist” to approve stages of the project and ensure remaining conditions are followed 538 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 149 Program 15: Accessory Dwelling Units An ADU is a self-contained living unit with cooking, eating, sleeping, and full sanitation facilities, either attached to or detached from the primary residential unit on a single lot. ADUs can be an effective strategy for providing intergenerational housing and reducing overcrowding. The City has periodically amended its municipal codes to allow for ADUs consistent with changes in state law. The municipal code allows Junior (J)ADUs in all residential zones with a zoning clearance and allows JADUs and qualified ADUs without a zoning clearance depending on the unit specifications (except O-S and TPD zones). The City is working with VCOG to develop prototypical modular ADUs that can be adapted to Moorpark. Until then, the City is projecting 80 ADUs over the planning period in accordance with the safe-harbor approach. Objective(s):  Amend zoning code to permit ADUs as a by-right use on any lot that allows single- or multifamily housing or mixed-use zone in accordance with Gov’t Code §65852.2(a); make other substantive changes and municipal code amendments required by HCD to comply with state law.  Record progress in ADU production on the annual progress report for the Housing Element by April 1 of each year; monitor every year and, if production falls short of goals and shortfall in sites become apparent, take measures to rezone sites or other actions to address shortfall within six months.  Review and implement options for encouraging ADU productions, such as prototype plans, fee waivers, expedited procedures, and affordability monitoring programs Program 16: Single-Family, Mobile Homes, and Manufactured Housing The MMC defines a single-family dwelling as a detached building constructed in conformance with the Uniform Building Code, or a mobile home constructed on or after June 15, 1976, designed or used exclusively for occupancy by one family and containing one dwelling unit. In accordance with California Government Code §65852.3, Moorpark allows manufactured homes certified under national manufactured housing construction and safety standards on a permanent foundation in zones that allow single-family homes. The City also conditionally permits mobile homes and mobile home parks. Current definitions contained in the MMC raise concerns. The definition of a single-family dwelling raises fair housing concerns as it could be interpreted to limit families occupying a home. In addition, the codes are unclear on whether, how, and where factory-built housing is permitted, although this land use must be allowed like any other single-family residential land use in the community. Concurrent with the zoning code update, amendments will be made to address these issues. Objective(s):  Remove the references to potentially restricting single-family residential units designed or used exclusively to one family to address any potential fair housing.  Review and, as necessary, revise provisions for mobile homes and factory-built housing in accordance with Gov’t Code §65852.3 and other applicable provisions of state law. 539 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 150 Program 17: Homeless Services Homelessness is a pressing issue for many cities, and the varied dimensions have significant implications for the type of housing provided to homeless people and their service needs. While the City has had a point-in-time count of zero, outside agencies report potentially higher numbers countywide. As required by state law, the City amended its municipal code to allow for emergency shelters, transitional housing, and supportive housing, but additional amendments will be made. The City has also signed an MOU with the County pledging participation in countywide efforts to address homelessness. Locally, the City supports the Ruben Castro Center, which is home to Ruben Castro Charities, Moorpark Family Medical Clinic, the County Human Services Agency (HSA), Catholic Charities, Interface Children Family Services, and First 5—all of which provide direct or referral services to individuals who are unhoused. Objective(s):  Amend zoning code to clarify the process and the zones where transitional and supportive housing is permitted in accordance with Gov’t §65583 (4)(A)(ii) and 65651.  Amend zoning code to modify parking standards for shelters and reduce the 500 foot spacing requirement to 300 feet, as required by Gov’t Code §65583 (a)(4)(A)(ii) and §65583 (a)(4)(A) (v).  Amend zoning code to permit a Low-Barrier Navigation Center as a by-right use in areas zoned for mixed uses and nonresidential zones permitting multifamily uses (Government Code §65662).  Support a more robust point-in-time count of people experiencing homelessness in the county and city to obtain more accurate information for planning purposes. Program 18: College Housing Services Moorpark College has long been a highly valued community asset, providing education, employment, and enrichment opportunities to the community. Presently, the college is a commuter school for both faculty and students due to the high price of ownership and rental housing in the community. Moreover, as is the case statewide, college students often face precarious and uncertain housing situations. Looking forward, Moorpark College seeks to help address the increasing unmet need for housing affordable for faculty and students, and help to retain and attract both. The State Legislature has recently made available one-time competitive grants for community colleges. The Ventura Community College District and Moorpark College will be applying for planning grants. Should the planning study yield a favorable result, the College seeks additional options for partnering with the City for expanding housing opportunities. Objective(s):  Support the College’s efforts to apply for a housing planning feasibility study; if study demonstrates a need, support college in application for a construction grant.  Support other housing initiatives to address student and faculty needs.  Assist in the development of housing that is attainable to this group. 540 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 151 Program 19: Housing for Seniors and Disabled People Moorpark has a large senior population that is the fastest-growing segment. The City is responding by approving retirement communities and specialized housing for memory care. The City also provides services to seniors through its Active Adult Community Center. The City implements a transition plan to update its facilities, services, and programs to make them accessible and provides low-cost transit. Despite these efforts, affordable senior housing is in short supply as are housing options and services for disabled people. To address the unmet needs of seniors and people with disabilities, Moorpark seeks to pursue a “housing for all ages and stages” philosophy and work with its local and regional partners on implementing a coordinated, comprehensive, and compassionate service delivery system. Objective(s):  Amend zoning code to define and permit residential care facilities serving six or fewer clients in accordance with the Community Care Facilities Act (Health and Safety Code §1502 et seq.  Assist developers, homeowners, and others at the planning and building safety counter regarding how to incorporate universal/accessible housing features and/or reasonable accommodation process; publicize and advertise the housing directory and reasonable modification process via web, email, etc. Seek to assist at least 10 parties/individuals over the planning period.  Support efforts to provide community support services; expand affordable/accessible transit and community walkability in accordance with the City's Transition Plan. Program 20: Farmworker Housing Moorpark’s history is rooted in agriculture. Over time, most of the traditional field agricultural operations in the City have been replaced by residential development, with significant agricultural operations remaining in the county’s unincorporated areas. Developing a coherent strategy for addressing local and regional housing needs for farmworkers has been challenging because of the lack of a reliable count of farmworkers and lack of understanding of their need for housing. The County is leading a regional effort to document the housing needs of farmworkers. The City seeks to participate in this countywide effort and contribute resources to address its share of the region’s need for farmworker housing and/or services. Objective(s):  Amend zoning code to define and permit employee housing as a by-right use in zones allowing single- family housing in accordance with Health and Safety Code §17021.5.  Work with the County-led coalition to support, fund and implement a countywide survey of farmworkers, employers, and housing providers to define housing conditions, needs, and barriers.  Support and participate in the Housing Trust Fund and the creation of a dedicated source of funding for affordable housing that will meet the needs of farmworkers.  Use the survey results to develop targeted programs and strategies to address the verified needs of farmworkers and to support agricultural businesses with a stable and healthy workforce. 541 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 152 Housing Constraints Programs Program 21: Developer Fee Study Moorpark charges planning and engineering fees to recoup the cost of services provided by City staff. In addition, development impact fees are assessed for proposed residential developments to ensure that sufficient public services, facilities, and infrastructure are available to support that development. In some cases, additional fees may be charged to make other needed improvements, such as underground utility lines or off-site improvements (roads or flood control improvements) needed for a proposed project. These types of fees and charges are common for cities throughout California and are intended to ensure quality housing and surrounding residential neighborhoods. As part of the Housing Element update, the Housing Plan proposes a process for City staff to initiate a review of fees charged and make revisions needed that balance the need for full cost recovery, ensure proposed residential developments are adequately planned for, and consider the cumulative effect on housing development. Objective(s):  Review residential development-related fees to determine their appropriateness (nexus), amount charged, and reasonableness; revise fees based on the findings.  Periodically assess the cumulative impact of all fees and service charges and make revisions as needed to achieve cost recovery and further City goals and objectives. Program 22: Land Acquisition/Consolidation/Disposition An effective strategy to facilitate housing is through land assemblage, consolidation, and disposition. While the City no longer has a Redevelopment Agency, the City has acquired a number of parcels over the years as part of normal course of business and not through eminent domain. The Successor Agency has an inventory of parcels, subject to disposition in accordance with state law. Developers also have the option of providing donated land in lieu of inclusionary requirements and several have agreed to do so. Moorpark has managed its land assets and assisted in the development of affordable housing by providing low cost/leases to organizations in return for deed-restricted affordable housing. The City intends to continue this practice where feasible in accordance with state law requirements. Objective(s):  Continue to acquire, consolidate, and dispose of land in return for the production of deed-restricted affordable housing.  As assets are acquired, periodically release an RFQ to advertise the sale or lease of the land for long- term deed-restricted affordable housing.  Create a publicly accessible map which includes sites that are acquired, being consolidated, or otherwise being disposed of for affordable housing. 542 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 153 Program 23: Regulatory Assistance Developers often face challenges in building affordable housing due to parcel size and configuration, state and local regulatory requirements, and financing to mention a few. To mitigate these barriers, local governments often attempt to provide regulatory and financial assistance, where feasible, to encourage the production of affordable housing. The City’s current menu of regulatory assistance programs include a state-mandated density bonus program (last revised in 2017), an administrative exception program, and variance process among others. In addition, the City uses its RPD zone to allow for regulatory relief from development standards to produce more creative housing projects. As part of the preparation of the Housing Element, interviews with developers indicated a significant need for further flexibility in residential development standards to make residential projects more feasible to build. Further review of the municipal ordinances revealed a need to adjust several provisions of the codes. Objective(s):  Review and revise the City’s density bonus regulations to ensure consistency with changes in state law (e.g., AB 2345) over the past planning period.  Review the administrative exception ordinance and add authority to allow additional flexibility in other specific development standards cited as potential constraints. Program 24: Permit Process Streamlining The City historically used the R-P-D and PD permitting process to review, condition, and approve residential developments that are larger than four units. While this process has resulted in the development of more than 100 affordable units, it typically requires a DA/AHA, which results in significant delays in time. With the enactment of state law for expedited permit processing and to reduce the delay in processing future projects, revisions to permit processing procedures are warranted and beneficial to the City, developers, and residents. To that end, the City has committed to examining, among other items, its discretionary permit processes (R-P-D and PD permits), including its criteria, findings required, and approval authority for action. Review of other minor permitting processes may be beneficial to provide appropriate regulatory relief. In 2020, the Staff concluded an audit of the Community Development Department work program prepared by Management Partners. This audit identified 34 recommendations to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the development process and review. Staff have rapidly set to work on making these changes. As an example, Recommendation No. 2 to update the General Plan and Zoning Ordinance are currently underway and will be completed within the next year. Objective(s):  Review and revise the R-P-D permit process to remove the threshold of five or more units, and review and revise as needed the approving authority, criteria, and other provisions.  Review other administrative and conditional permit processes as part of the overall update of the zoning code following adoption of the General Plan.  Continue to implement other regulatory and management measures from the City’s 2020 management audit of planning and permitting processes in the City. 543 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 154 Program 25: Zoning Code Update Moorpark was incorporated in 1983 concurrent with the development of large-scale residential subdivisions approved by Ventura County prior to incorporation. When the City incorporated, the county codes were incorporated into the Municipal Code as a baseline. The Municipal Code has been periodically updated on an incremental basis for various changes in state law and to address local concerns. However, the municipal codes have not been revised in 40 years and many provisions pre-date incorporation. State law has been amended many times over the past several decades, making obsolete certain municipal codes or regulatory processes. Moreover, the General Plan update will require additional zoning districts and other amendments to implement its vision and land use element. As such, the City will undertake a comprehensive update of its zoning code following adoption of the General Plan and Housing Element. Objective(s):  Review and revise land use designations and zoning districts to eliminate any inconsistencies and to implement the land use element of the updated General Plan.  Identify and make required changes to the Municipal Code in compliance with state and federal statutes, including building, safety, land use, and permitting requirements.  Modify municipal codes (see Programs 15-20) to affirmatively further fair housing, including allowing residential care facilities serving seven or more residents as a by right use in all residential zones.  Amend municipal code to allow for administrative reduction in parking space requirements pursuant to applicant’s parking study; forward staff recommendations to the appropriate project hearing body for consideration. Program 26: Water and Sewer Priority The 2006 Senate Bill 1087 (Gov’t Code §65589.7 and Water Code §10631.1) requires that water providers develop written policies that grant priority to proposed development that includes housing affordable to lower income households. The legislation also prohibits water providers from denying or conditioning the approval of development that includes housing affordable to lower income households unless specific written findings are made. Senate Bill 1087, described above, also mandates priority wastewater collection and treatment service to housing developments providing units affordable to lower income households. The City will comply with this legislation by continuing to ensure priority service provision to affordable housing developments and provide the adopted Housing Element to such agencies within 30 days of adoption. Ventura County Waterworks District 1 does not have such policies. Objective(s):  Provide the adopted 2021–2029 Moorpark Housing Element to the Ventura County Water Works District 1 within 30 days of adoption for inclusion in its planning projections.  Coordinate with Ventura County to ensure affordable housing developments receive priority water and sewer service if and when development is restricted by capacity shortages. 544 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 155 Program 27: Collaborative Partners Collaborative partnerships are needed to facilitate the provision of affordable housing, community services, and housing-related services. The City actively works with and partners with local organizations and government agencies that offer housing-related services. These include the County of Ventura, Ruben Castro Charities, Moorpark College, First Five, Area Housing Authority, affordable housing developers, Moorpark Unified School District, and many other others. As the City expands its efforts to address unmet local housing needs, it will be important to expand the depth and breadth of collaborative partners. Additional partners will include, among others, the following: service organizations : (Tri-County Regional Center, SCIL, etc.); Moorpark Community College; nonprofit affordable housing developers; and housing advocacy groups serving special-needs groups. These partnerships, among others, will help implement housing programs and further the goals and policies of the Housing Element. Objective(s):  Meet with with housing partners (e.g., county, developers, stakeholders, realtors) to augment existing administrative and financial resources and coordinate on future projects.  Produce and update a brochure advertising all services provided by City partners and publicize on the City’s web page. Update annually. Program 28: Fair Housing The City contracts with the Housing Rights Center to provide a broad range of services associated with fair housing. This includes education, testing, investigation, and case resolution services related to tenant and landlord issues. The City has a generally modest number of cases due to the limited number of apartment properties. The City conducted an extensive AFH (see Section 4.4) in order to identify fair housing issues, contributing factors, and meaningful actions to address the fair housing issues in Moorpark. This effort was informed by multiple GPAC meetings, stakeholder interviews, community workshops, and supplemental materials. Table 4-28 summarizes approximately three dozen meaningful actions the City will undertake to affirmatively further fair housing. Objective(s):  Implement initiatives in Table 4-28 of the Housing Element to affirmatively further fair housing.  Contract with Fair Housing agency to provide services and annually assess the need for changing level or mix of service, including but not limited to: tenant and landlord education, homeownership counseling, testing and investigations, and case processing.  Report progress as part of the Annual Progress Report for the Housing Element and annually review contract for needed program changes. 545 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 156 Program 29: Place-Based Program The Los Angeles Avenue Corridor and the Virginia Colony are the oldest areas of Moorpark, dating back long before the City’s incorporation in 1983. Developed many decades before residential subdivisions were built, these neighborhoods have the greatest need for infrastructure, housing, and social services. The City continues to earmark funds for both areas. In 2022, the City will earmark $8.0 million of ARPA funds for a new Library, slated for construction by 2023/2024. In 2025/2026, the City will refurbish playgrounds citywide including parks in these neighborhoods. The City has approved and anticipates the construction of the High Street Depot and Aldersgate project (390 units for seniors/disdabled), and will pass a $75 million bond to finance Vendra Gardens, a 200-unit apartment property for low income families. Princeton Avenue, which connects to Virginia Colony, is also being improved. Objective(s):  Facilitate the completion of Vendra Gardens, Aldersgate, and High Street Depot from 2023 to 2025  Allocate $8 million in American Rescue Plan funds to develop a new City Library to commence in 2023.  Refurbish and replace playgrounds citywide, including the greater downtown by 2025/2026  Continue to seek other community development projects for the greater downtown  Update the General Plan Safety Element, incorporating Ventura County’s MultiHazard Plan, Fire Strategic Plan, and FEMA flood plans; identify and maintain evacuation routes to ensure safety for residents, business, and animals; and integrate with the City’s Emergency Operation Plan as required. Program 30: Parking Management Although the City has had success in faciliting new residential development under current parking space standards, a review of current municipal codes identified the need to make clarifications in several parking standards. The following modifications will be undertaken as part of the update of the zoning code. Objective(s):  Amend zoning code to align ADU requirements with Gov't Code §65852.2(a); make other code amendments, including parking, as required by HCD to comply with state law.  Amend zoning code to make parking standards for emergency shelters consistent with Gov’t Code §65583 (a)(4)(A)(ii); clarify parking standards for transitional/supportive housing.  Develop a process and standard to address the parking requirements for mixed use developments that accommodate parking needs of both uses in a flexible and market driven manner.  Update City’s density bonus ordinance, including provisions for reduced/modified parking spaces, to comply with recently enacted state law (AB 2345, SB 290, and others). 546 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 157  Allow for administrative reduction in parking space requirements pursuant to applicant’s parking study; forward staff recommendations to the appropriate project hearing body for consideration.  To ensure the City’s parking requirements are not a constraint to residential development, especially new housing units affordable to lower and moderate-income households, the City shall continue to review and monitor all parking requirements and specifically requirements for 1.75 spaces for 1- bedroom multifamily housing. If it is determined that this requirement is not in line with regional requirements or is a constraint to the development of housing, the City will revise their parking requirements, as appropriate. 547 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 158 Table 4-37 Program Summary, 2021-2029 Planning Period Program Responsible Party & Fund Program Specifics and Progress 8-Year Objectives Time Frame 1. Historic Preservation ComDev4 General Fund  1a Initiate a general identification and assessment of historic resources in the downtown to assist in determination of the need for more formal preservation activities 2023  1b Work with Moorpark Historical Society and other local and regional partners to assist in identifying resources 2023  1c Explore programs to assist the City in preserving historic resources or older housing that is of local importance 2024 2. Housing Rehab. ComDev General Fund  2a Seek, apply for, and allocate funding for housing rehabilitation program. 2023  2b Develop program to include assistance for ownership units, mobile homes, and rental units 2024  2c Contact nonprofits capable of making home repairs and/or assisting in financial assistance on an annual basis Annual 3. Code Compliance ComDev General Fund  3a Require adherence to local property regulations and requirements Annual  3b Ensure that new housing meets state building codes, including green building designs Annual  3c Conduct code compliance inspections totaling an average of up to 150 residences on an annual basis Annual  3d Implement new Energov system to track code compliance cases, building permit issuance, and entitlements Fall 2022 4. Capital Improvement Plan Public Works5 Varied  4a Prepare, implement, and report progress on the CIP to City Council to improve community infrastructure. Annual  4b Develop GIS-based pavement management system to guide street maintenance and repair 2023  4c Target efforts, to the extent feasible, to areas which have experienced disinvestment Annual 5. Inclusionary Housing/Nexu s Study/Fee ComDev General Fund  5a Conduct a nexus study as a prerequisite to design an inclusionary requirement 2022  5b Draft and adopt the inclusionary housing program and expenditure priorities 2023  5c Monitor program effectiveness on an annual basis Annual 6. Affordable Housing Trust ComDev  6a Develop and adopt AHTF program parameters (priority, eligibility, and assistance levels) 2023 4 Community Development Department 5 Public Works Department 548 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 159 Table 4-37 Program Summary, 2021-2029 Planning Period Program Responsible Party & Fund Program Specifics and Progress 8-Year Objectives Time Frame Fund General Fund  6b Seek mechanism to establish, grow, and maintain the affordable housing trust fund Annual  6c Issue RFQs and fund an affordable housing in conjunction with the City’s acquisition, land assemblage, and disposition program to further affordable housing goals and priorities 2024 7. Assist in Development of Affordable Housing ComDev General Fund  7a Recruit a new Program Manager, Housing, or equivalent position to implement housing program 2023  7b Develop the City's affordable housing assistance program, including funding and revenue stream 2024  7c Fund affordable housing projects that achieve the goals of the Housing Element and General Plan As projects proposed 8. Housing Choice Voucher (Section 8) ComDev Federal funds  8a Participate in the housing choice voucher program and refer eligible households to the AHACV for rental vouchers Annual  8b Publicize program through a housing resource brochure and on the City’s website, including outreach and education on the state’s source of income protection (SB 329, SB 222) 2022 Federal funds  8c Publicize housing choice program to homeowners every two years to maintain at least 189 vouchers issued by the AHACV and encourage participation Biennial 9. Home- ownership Assistance ComDev Funding TBD  9a Retool the homeownership program, focusing on moderately priced single-family homes, condominiums, and townhomes 2023  9b Prioritize funds and opportunities to residents and those working or attending educational institutions in the City 2024  9c. Apply for up to two funding grants before 2025 and two after 2025; and if successful, seek to assist up to 10 households during the planning period. Periodically 10. Affordable Housing Preservation ComDev General Fund  10a Periodically initiate and maintain discussions with owners of affordable housing properties as to their needs. As feasible, identify and/or offer options to maintaining the long-term affordability of the properties Annual General Fund  10b If needed, coordinate technical assistance and education to tenants and work with owners regarding proper notification procedures should properties become at risk of conversion Annual General Fund  10c Prepare an annual report for the Planning Commission, City Council, stakeholders, and the public regarding status and progress in achieving housing goals Annual 549 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 160 Table 4-37 Program Summary, 2021-2029 Planning Period Program Responsible Party & Fund Program Specifics and Progress 8-Year Objectives Time Frame 11. Downtown Specific Plan ComDev General Fund  11a Continue to implement the Downtown Specific Plan and support the introduction of residential, mixed uses, and other land uses within the area. Ongoing  11b Revise and adopt updated Downtown Specific Plan to include objective development and design standards in accordance with Gov't Code §§65913 and 66300 2024 12. Objective Development Design Standards ComDev General Fund  12a Prepare and adopt objective development and design standards (zoning, subdivision, or design review) for all projects in accordance with Gov't Code §65913 and 66300. 2024 13. Housing Sites Inventory ComDev General Fund  13a Maintain inventory of residential sites needed to address the 2021-2029 RHNA; periodically review list of sites for compliance with no-net-loss requirement Annual  13b Allow by-right residential projects consistent with zoning that offers 20% of units affordable to low-income households and are proposed on sites from the 2014-2021 Housing Element As projects proposed  13c If housing products and affordability levels are different than anticipated and cause a shortfall in the RHNA, redesignate sites within 180 days to address the shortfall 14. Developer Outreach ComDev General Fund  14a Outreach to property owners and developers of pipeline projects as a means to identify and address potential obstacles to developing their property Annual  14b Support funding applications (e.g., tax credit, bonds) to help applicants be awarded local, state, and federal monies Annual  14c Continue to coordinate with applicants using a “Conditions Compliance Checklist” to approve stages of the project and ensure remaining conditions are followed Continuously 15. Accessory Dwelling Units ComDev General Fund  15a Amend zoning code to permit ADUs as a by-right use on any lot that allows single- or multifamily housing or mixed-use zone in accordance with Government Code §65852.2(a) Dec. 2023  15b Record progress in ADU production on the annual progress report for the Housing Element by April 1 of each year; monitor every year and, if production falls short and shortfall in sites become apparent, take measures to rezone sites or other actions to address shortfall within six months. Annual  15c Review and implement options for encouraging ADU productions, such as prototype plans, fee waivers, expedited procedures, and affordability monitoring programs Annual 550 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 161 Table 4-37 Program Summary, 2021-2029 Planning Period Program Responsible Party & Fund Program Specifics and Progress 8-Year Objectives Time Frame 16. Single-family, Mobile Homes, and Mfgr Homes ComDev General Fund  16a Remove the references to potentially restricting single- family residential units designed or used exclusively to one family to address any potential fair housing End of 2023 Dec. 2023  16b Review and, as need, revise provisions for mobile homes and factory-built housing in accordance with Government Code §65852.3 and other provisions of state law 17 Homeless Services ComDev General Fund  17a Support a more robust point-in-time count of people experiencing homelessness in the county and city to obtain more accurate information for planning purposes 2022  17b Amend zoning code to modify parking standards for shelters and reduce the 500 spacing requirement to 300 feet as required by Gov't Code §§65583 (a)(4)(A)(ii) and (v). End of 2023  17c Amend zoning code to clarify the process and the zones where transitional and supportive housing is permitted in accordance with Gov’t Codes §65583 (4)(A)(ii) and §65651. End of 2023  17d Amend zoning code to permit Low-Barrier Navigation Center by-right in areas zoned for mixed uses and nonresidential zones permitting multifamily uses (Gov't Code §65662.) End of 2023 18 College Housing Services ComDev General Fund  18a Support the College’s efforts to apply for a housing planning feasibility study; if study demonstrates a need, support college in application for a construction grant 2022 and ongoing  18b Support housing initiatives to address student and faculty needs As projects opportunity arises  18c Assist in the development of housing attainable to this group 19. Housing for Seniors and Disabled People ComDev General Fund  19a Amend zoning code to define and permit residential care facilities serving six or fewer clients in accordance with the Health and Safety Code §1502 et seq. End of 2023  19b Assist developers, homeowners, and others at the planning and building safety counter regarding how to incorporate universal/accessible housing features and/or reasonable accommodation process; publicize and advertise the housing directory and reasonable modification process via web, email, etc. Seek to assist at least 10 parties/individuals over the planning period. As requested  19c Support efforts to provide community support services; expand affordable/accessible transit and community walkability in accordance with the City’s transition plan Annual 551 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 162 Table 4-37 Program Summary, 2021-2029 Planning Period Program Responsible Party & Fund Program Specifics and Progress 8-Year Objectives Time Frame 20. Farmworker Housing ComDev General Fund  20a Amend zoning code to define and permit employee housing as a by-right use in zones allowing single-family housing in accordance with Health and Safety Code §17021. End of 2023  20b Work with County-led coalition to support, fund and implement a countywide survey of farmworkers, employers, and housing providers to define housing conditions, needs, and barriers 2022 and ongoing  20c Use results to develop targeted programs and strategies to address the verified needs of farmworkers and to support agricultural businesses with a stable and healthy workforce 2023 and ongoing 21. Developer Fee Study ComDev General Fund  21a Review residential development-related fees to determine their appropriateness (nexus), amount charged, and reasonableness; revise fees based on findings. July 2023  21b Periodically assess the cumulative impact of all fees and service charges and make revisions as needed to achieve cost recovery and further City goals and objectives. Annual per City Ord. 22. Land Acquisition/ Consolidation / Disposition ComDev General Fund  22a Continue to acquire, consolidate, and dispose of land in return for the production of deed-restricted affordable housing As land becomes available and is suitable  22b As assets are acquired, periodically release an RFQ to advertise land sale or lease for deed-restricted affordable housing  22c Create a publicly accessible map which includes sites that are acquired, being consolidated, or otherwise being disposed of for affordable housing purposes 2023 23. Regulatory Assistance ComDev General Fund  23a Review and revise the City’s density bonus regulations to ensure consistency with changes in state law (e.g., AB 2345) over the past planning period By Dec 2023  23b Review the administrative exception ordinance and add authority to allow additional flexibility in other specific development standards cited as potential constraints 24. Permit Process Streamlining ComDev General Fund  24a Review and revise the R-P-D permit process to remove threshold of 5+ units, and review and revise as needed the approving authority, criteria, and other provisions By Dec 2023  24b Review other administrative and conditional permit processes as part of the overall update of the zoning code following adoption of the General Plan  24c Continue to implement regulatory and management measures recommended from the 2020 City's management audit of planning and permitting processes in the City 552 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 163 Table 4-37 Program Summary, 2021-2029 Planning Period Program Responsible Party & Fund Program Specifics and Progress 8-Year Objectives Time Frame 25. Zoning Code Update ComDev General Fund  25a Review and revise land use designations and zoning districts to implement the updated General Plan By Dec 2023  25b Identify required changes to the municipal codes for compliance with state and federal statutes, including building, safety, land use, and permitting requirements  25c Modify municipal codes (Programs 15–20) to further fair housing, including allowing residential care facilities serving seven or more clients as a by-right use in residential zones. Dec 2023 26. Water and Sewer Priority ComDev General Fund  26a Provide adopted 2021-2029 Moorpark Housing Element to the Ventura County Water Works District 1 within 30 days of adoption for inclusion in its planning projections. Within 30 days of adoption 2023  26b Coordinate with Ventura County to ensure affordable housing receives priority water and sewer service if and when development is restricted by capacity shortages. 27. Collaborative Partners ComDev General Fund  27a Meet with housing partners (e.g., county, developers, stakeholders, realtors) to augment existing administrative and financial resources and coordinate on future projects. Annual  27b Produce and update a brochure advertising all services provided by City partners and publicize on the City's web page. Update annually. Annual 28. Fair Housing ComDev Gen Fund  28a. Implement initiatives in Table 4-28 of the Housing Element to affirmatively further fair housing. 2021-2029  28b Contract with Fair Housing agency to provide services and assess the need for changing level or mix of services Annual  28c Report progress as part of the Annual Progress Report for the Housing Element and annually review contract for needed program changes Annual 29. Place- based Program CommDev CommSvc  29a. Facilitate completion of the Vendra Gardens and the Aldersgate housing projects from 2023 to 2025 2023-2025 General Fund;  29b. Allocate $8 million in ARPA funds to develop a new City Library to commence in 2023. 2023 Grants  29c. Refurbish and replace playgrounds citywide, including the greater downtown by 2025/2026 2025/2026  29d. Continue to seek other community development projects for the greater downtown Continuously  29e. Update the General Plan Safety Element, incorporating Ventura County's MultiHazard Plan, Fire Strategic Plan, and FEMA flood plans; identify and maintain evacuation routes to ensure safety for residents, business, and animals; and integrate with City's Emergency Operation Plan as required. 2023 and ongoing 553 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 164 Table 4-37 Program Summary, 2021-2029 Planning Period Program Responsible Party & Fund Program Specifics and Progress 8-Year Objectives Time Frame 30. Parking Management CommDev General Fund  30a. Amend zoning code to align ADU requirements with Gov't Code §65852.2(a); make other code amendments, including parking, to comply with state law.  30b. Amend zoning code to make parking standards for emergency shelters consistent with Gov't Code §65583 (a)(4)(A)(ii); clarify transitional/supportive housing parking.  30c. Develop a process and standard to address parking requirements for mixed use that accommodate parking needs of both uses in a flexible and market driven manner.  30d. Update City's density bonus ordinance, including provisions for modified parking spaces, to comply with recently enacted state law (AB 2345, SB 290, and others).  30e. Amend municipal code to allow for administrative reduction in parking space requirements pursuant to applicant's parking study; forward staff recommendations to the appropriate project hearing body for consideration.  To ensure City parking requirements are not a constraint to residential development, especially new housing units affordable to lower and moderate-income households, the City shall continue to review and monitor all parking requirements and specifically requirements for 1.75 spaces for 1-bedroom multifamily housing. If it is determined that this requirement is not in line with regional requirements or is a constraint to the development of housing, the City will revise their parking requirements, as appropriate. Make code amendments by Dec 2023 Review and Monitor annually as part of the APR Quantified Objectives Ext. Low Very Low Low Moderate Above Total New Construction 189 188 233 245 434 1,289 Rehabilitation 5 15 15 -0- -0- 35 Preservation 17 152 533 23 -0- 725 Sources: City of Moorpark, 2021. 554 HOUSING ELEMENT Draft | November 2022 555 556 CEQA: California Environmental Quality Act NOTICE OF EXEMPTION To: Office of Planning and Research 1400 Tenth Street, Room 121 Sacramento, CA 95814 From: City of Moorpark 799 Moorpark Avenue Moorpark, CA 93021 County Clerk County of Ventura 800 South Victoria Avenue Ventura, CA 93009 Moorpark 2021-2029 Housing Element Update Project Title Citywide Project Location – Specific Moorpark Ventura Project Location – City Project Location – County State Law requires that localities update the Housing Element of their general plan every eight years. The City of Moorpark is updating its Housing Element, which will cover the 2021-2029 planning period. Description of Nature, Purpose, and Beneficiaries of Project City of Moorpark Name of Public Agency Approving Project City of Moorpark Name of Person or Agency Carrying Out Project Exempt Status: (check one below) Ministerial (Sec. 21080(b)(1); 15268); Declared Emergency (Sec. 21080(b)(3); 15269(a)); Emergency Project (Sec. 21080(b)(4); 15269(b)(c)); Categorical Exemption. State type and section number: Statutory Exemptions. State code number: The “common sense” Exemption (Sec. 15061(b)(3)) 557 □ □ □ □ □ ~ □ □ PC ATTACHMENT 2 CEQA: California Environmental Quality Act The adoption of the 2021-29 Housing Element is covered by the general rule that CEQA applies only to projects which have the potential for causing a significant effect on the environment. Where it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility that the activity in question may have a significant effect on the environment, the activity is not subject to CEQA. The 2021-2029 Housing Element makes minor changes to the current Housing Element, which constitutes a project under CEQA. None of these changes have the potential to adversely affect the physical environmental, as they merely require adherence to requirements necessary to bring the Housing Element to conformance to state law. All other portions of the Housing Element would not result in changes to the physical environment, but rather reflect the current Housing Element provisions. As such, the current step of adopting and updating the 2021-29 Housing Element and is exempt under the “common sense” exemption as stated in the CEQA Guidelines section 15061(b)(3) Reasons why project is exempt Doug Spondello (805) 517-6251 Contact Person: Area Code/Telephone/Extension: If filed by applicant: 1. Attach certified document of exemption findings 2. Has a Notice of Exemption been filed by the public agency approving the project Yes No Date Received for Filing: Signature: Title: 558 □