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HomeMy WebLinkAboutAGENDA REPORT 1993 0915 CC ADJ ITEM 11P o'' � -?ARK. CALIFC?>:;. ITEM a �'o y Council Meeting i .;r / —4,5 19 CAL ...: uracil Mooi.ng ACTION: '%c _ AGENDA REPORT 9- g 199 CITY OF MOORPARK 1ACTION: 61.- �' !��4� - 9- s93 TO: Honorable City Council 1 U �oe4 -- - -FROM: Mary_K.-Lindley_,_ Assistant .to the_City._Manager-._. DATE: August 30, 1993 SUBJECT: Consider Adoption of Ordinance No. 93_, Control and Abatement of Graffiti Background As part of a regional effort to eradicate graffiti, the Council considered a draft graffiti ordinance distributed by VCOG on July 7, 1993. The Council expressed its interest in adopting such an ordinance and referred it to the Public Works, Facilities, and Solid Waste Committee (Councilmembers Montgomery and Wozniak) for further development. The Committee meet on July 19 to discuss various graffiti strategies and provide staff with direction. The purpose of the ordinance, as drafted, is to: 1) significantly reduce incidents of graffiti by targeting the segment of the population which commits the most graffiti offenses, 2) restrict the possession of graffiti implements by minors, 3 ) recover graffiti abatement costs, and 4) facilitate the abatement of graffiti on private property. The significant provisions of the proposed ordinance that speak to its purpose are as follows: • Definition of Graffiti Implement - Graffiti implements include aerosol paint containers and glass etching tools. The inclusion of broad-tipped markers in the definition was seen as too restrictive by the Committee since they are widely used by minors at home and in school. • Possession by Minors - This ordinance makes it unlawful for any minor who is not accompanied by a responsible adult, to possess a graffiti implement on public property or on private property without the consent to the owner. School Exception - It is lawful for any person to possess a graffiti implement while the person is attending or traveling to or from school if the person is required to have the implement for a class. • Restriction on Sale of Graffiti Iiplement - Retail establishments may not store graffiti implements in an area that is accessible to the public and which does not require the assistance of an employee. Graffiti Ordinance August 23 , 1993 Page 2 • Summary Nuisance Abatement - This._.section outlines the process for abating graffiti on public property. The City Manager shall give 72 hours notice to the property owner that unless the graffiti is removed, the City will enter the property for the purpose of abating the graffiti. In addition, all costs incurred with the abatement may be assessed against the property owner. Upon review of the draft ordinance, the City Attorney cautioned that much of what is in draft is either fully or partially addressed in state law. Preemption of a local ordinance occurs when state law is either duplicated or when a local agencies tries to legislate in an area already occupied by the State. The sections of the draft ordinance where preemption may occur are as follows: Possession of Graffiti Implements by Minors - This section partially contradicts Penal Code Section 594.1(e) which addresses the "possession" rather than the "sale" of graffiti implements, and would only be considered non-preemptive if the courts were willing to give an expansive interpretation to the word "sale" as in Penal Code Section 594. 5. Penal Code Section 594.5 reads "Nothing in this code shall invalidate an ordinance by a city, city and county, or county, if such ordinance regulates the sale of aerosol containers of paint or other liquid substances capable of defacing property. " Civil Debt - This section is occupied by state law. Civil Code section 1714 imposes responsibility for willful and negligent acts and Civil Code section 3281 et sea. governs the extent to which damages may be recovered. The City Attorney also pointed out that Government Code section 53069. 6 imposes a duty upon the City to "take all practical and responsible steps to recover civil damages for the negligent, willful, or unlawful damaging" of its property, including "appropriate legal action". Unlawful to Apply Graffiti - The second paragraph contradicts Penal Code Sections 594 , 640.5, and 640.6 which limit restitution to clean-up of the damage and then only at the option of the victim. Parental Civil Liability - This section duplicates Civil Code Section 1714.1 which states that any willful act of misconduct of a minor which results in injury to the property of another shall be imputed to the parent or guardian having custody and control of the minor for all purposes of civil damages. The Graffiti Ordinance August 23, 1993 Page 3 joint_and_several_.iabilityof_ the parent or guardian having__ custody and control of a minor under this subdivision shall not exceed $10,000 for each tort act of the minor. Possession of Graffiti Implements in Public Places - This section in part duplicates Penal Code Section 594 . 1 which addresses the "carrying" of an aerosol container of paint larger than six ounces while in a public place. Nuisance/Summary Nuisance Abatement - Abating graffiti on private property without the owner's consent, as proposed in the ordinance, may invite litigation. With the jurisdictional limit for small claims court set at $5,000 , the City Attorney believes that it would be simpler to make it unlawful for the owner to fail to abate graffiti on their property. After notification, the owner would then have the option of performing self-abatement, consenting to let the City abate, or being prosecuted. Both the City Attorney and Lt. Dean commented on the definition of araffiti implement and recommended the inclusion of broad-tipped markers. As defined in the draft ordinance . a araffiti implement includes aerosol paint containers and class etching tools. The City of Los Anaeles included broad-tipped markers in their ordinance which was unsuccessfully challenged by Sherwin-Williams. Many other cities have added broad-tipped markers to their definitions of araffiti implements. The City currently has the ability to arrest and seek a conviction for affixing araffiti to any form of real and personal property and minors "Carrying" and "possessing" aerosol pain} containers pn nrnnerti, without consent . under state l a..>_ Whether nor not thalnnnnil -r.r.rn:r.nc m nraffit'. r.rrii tha �>?::: nc -f _h_c. flitv A ttnrrc.:r 4 a th t thc. 4 ti: nnntinno tn•••- mrroc4= he s..-1 nn atmto 1m.= i-rhana:;er nnaoihlo Rocafi. nn tho rnmrnont AaA h.ir the cit r At}nrnc:r -toff i s 1nnfring Fnr Ai rantinn frnm frnnr41 nn tint cent-nnc••- tint draft nrAi nonnc }km* ci..vr1 A ho Aci. c}ea .-.r rc. n - Man,: .-4 . . r_.c hmsro m AnntaA••-•' ___ -c. mhinh ntai n }hc ca.n. . - that hsva hec.n _ti ri _A thin. _ _nr anr.rt -- A� -l4 __ r _._i .j.i nt -... i Ac.. .� ir. hic Wit- -. ._...... _� ... . . .eti:�o ^r -.:n. ra..: rv. nry Ctncc rannnaaramtievn ni ran4 ctmff mc. Acomorl mnnrnnriato m t. o_ Af+achwctrt A ORDINANCE NO. AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF MOORPARK, CALIFORNIA, ADDING CHAPTER 8. 14 PERTAINING TO THE CONTROL AND ABATEMENT OF GRAFFITI TO TITLE 8 OF THE MOORPARK MUNICIPAL CODE. THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF MOORPARK, CALIFORNIA, DOES ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS: SECTION 1. Chapter 8. 14 of Title 8 of the Moorpark Code is hereby added to read as follows: CHAPTER 8 . 14 - GRAFFITI 8.14.010 Purpose The purpose of this Chapter is to provide for the prompt abatement of graffiti from public and private properties in the City and to regulate the sale and possession of materials used in acts of graffiti. The City Council finds that graffiti is inconsistent with the City's aesthetic standards, and unless it is quickly removed from public and private properties, other properties soon become the target of graffiti. Graffiti on public and private properties encourages other acts of malicious vandalism, and depreciates the value of the adjacent and surrounding properties. Further, the City finds and determines that graffiti is obnoxious and a public nuisance. The existence of graffiti tends to breed community discontentment and criminal activity. The unlawful placement of graffiti on public and private properties is often committed by persons twenty-one (21) years of age and under using aerosol and pressurized containers of paint, broad-tipped markers and pens, and glass etching tools. The public's interest, convenience and necessity require the adoption and implementation of the provisions of this Chapter. 8.14.020 Definitions Unless the context otherwise requires, the definitions in this section shall govern the construction of this Chapter. "Aerosol paint container" means any aerosol or pressurized container, regardless of the material from which it is made, which is adapted or made for the purpose of spraying paint, or other substance capable of defacing property. "Glass etching tool" means any etching tool or glass cutter. "Graffiti" means any unauthorized inscription, word, figure, character or design that is marked, etched, scratched, drawn, or painted. "Graffiti Implement" means an aerosol paint container, indelible marker, or a glass etching tool. "Indelible Marker Pen" shall mean any indelible marker, felt tip marker or similar implement containing non-water soluble fluid and has a flat, pointed or angled writing surface of 1/8 inch or greater. "Minor" means a person under 18 years of age. "Responsible Adult" means a parent or legal guardian of a minor or school teacher of a minor. 8.14.030 Unlawful to Apply Graffiti It shall be unlawful for any person to apply graffiti to any trees or structures including, but not limited to, buildings, walls, fences, poles, signs, sidewalks, and other personal property or paved surfaces located within the City. Any individual who is found guilty of violating this section shall pay restitution to the property owner or other person who is entitled to possession of the property upon which the graffiti was placed, in addition to other authorized penalties. If the violator is a minor, the minor's responsible adult shall be responsible for payment of such restitution in the discretion of the court in a criminal proceeding involving the minor. "Restitution" as used herein shall mean the recovery, in accordance with State law, of all damages resulting from the placement of graffiti contrary to the provisions of this Chapter, including, but not limited to, direct and indirect costs of the removal thereof. 8. 14.040 Civil Debt Any person who defaces private or public property with graffiti shall be responsible to the property owner or person who is entitled to possession of the property for all damages occurring as a result of the placement of said graffiti, including, but not limited to, direct and indirect costs for the removal thereof. If graffiti is removed by the City, all costs of such removal, direct and indirect, shall be recoverable from the person who caused the graffiti. The obligations imposed pursuant to this Section shall be enforceable as a civil debt. 8.14.050 Furnishing Graffiti Implement to Minors Prohibited It shall be unlawful for any person, other than a responsible adult, or a school teacher for purposes of instruction, to knowingly sell, exchange, give, loan or in any way furnish to any minor a graffiti implement. 8.14 . 060 Possession of Graffiti Implement by Minors It shall be unlawful for any minor to have in his or her possession a graffiti implement while upon public or private property without the consent of the owner, lessee or operator of such property. 8. 14.070 Parental Civil Liability Any act of willful misconduct of a minor which results in the placement of graffiti shall be imputed to the minor's responsible adult for all purposes of civil damages, including all attorneys' fees and court costs incurred in connection with the civil prosecution of any such claim for damages. The responsible adult shall be jointly and severally liable with the minor for all damage, not to exceed Ten Thousand Dollars ($10, 000) for each chargeable act of the minor. This section in no way limits or narrows the liability of a responsible adult for acts of a minor pursuant to Civil Code Section 1714 . 1, Government Code Section 53069. 5, Penal Code Section 640. 5 or any other applicable provision of law. 8.14.080 Possession of Graffiti Implements in Public Places It shall be unlawful for any person twenty-one (21) years of age or younger to have in his or her possession a graffiti implement while in any public street, park, playground, swimming pool, recreational facility or other public place. The provision of this Section shall not apply to an authorized employee of the City, a public agency, or private utility, or an authorized employee of a person under contract with the City, a public agency, or private utility in the performance of official duties that necessitate of a person under contract with the City, an authorized employee of a public agency, or an authorized employee of a private utility company if such employee is performing official duties that require the use of a graffiti implement . 8.14 .090 School Exception for Graffiti Implements Notwithstanding any other provision of this Chapter, it shall be lawful for any person to possess a graffiti implement while the person is attending, or traveling to or from a school at which such person is enrolled, if the person is participating in a class at such school, which has, as a class requirement, the need to use such a graffiti implement. 8.14.100 Restriction on Storage of Graffiti Implement Every person who owns, conducts, operates or manages a retail commercial establishment selling aerosol containers graffiti implements shall store or cause such aerosol containers graffiti implements to be stored in an area viewable by, but not accessible to the public in the regular course of business without employee assistance, pending legal sale of such aerosol container graffiti implements. 8.14.110 Sign Required Any person who owns, conducts, operates or manages a retail commercial establishment which offers for sale or sells graffiti implement shall display at the location of retail sale of such graffiti implements a sign, in letters at least three-eighths (3/8) of an inch high, clearly visible and legible to customers which states as follows: "IT IS UNLAWFUL FOR THIS BUSINESS TO ANY PERSON TO SELL OR GIVE TO ANY INDIVIDUAL UNDER THE AGE OF EIGHTEEN YEARS ANY AEROSOL PAINT CONTAINER, INDELIBLE MARKER PEN, OR GLASS ETCHING TOOL. " 8.14.120 Reward The City Council may authorize the offer of rewards for information leading to the arrest and conviction of any person for a violation of any provision of this Chapter. The amount of any such reward and the procedures for claiming said reward shall be established, from time to time, by the City Council. 8.14.130 Nuisance It is hereby declared that the existence of graffiti on any building, structure, fence or landscaping is a public nuisance, and shall be abated as such as provided in this Code. 8.14.140 Prohibition Against Maintaining Graffiti on Private Property It shall be unlawful for the owners and/or persons in possession of property to permit graffiti or other inscribed material capable of being viewed from any public right-of-way within the city to remain on such property for more than seventy- two hours after notice from the city to remove the same. 8.14.140 Summary Nuisance Abatement This City Council has determined that the continued existence of graffiti on buildings, structure, fence, or landscaping within the City is obnoxious and a nuisance, and has the effect of encouraging the placement of more graffiti at the same location as well as on adjacent buildings, structures, fences, landscaping or other surfaces. The prompt removal of graffiti is necessary to prevent the proliferation of graffiti. Accordingly, it shall unlawful for the owners and/or persons in possession of the property to fail to abate graffiti on their property. Where the City Manager finds that graffiti has been placed on privately owned buildings, structures, fences, landscaping and the consent of the owner, or other person entitled to possession thereof, cannot, for any reason, be obtained for the entry by the City of its agents upon the property where such building, structure, fence or landscaping is located for the purpose of removing the same, the City Manager may cause the owner or persons in possession of the property to be notified to abatement of the graffiti in the following manner: Notice. The City Manager shall give the owner or other person entitled to possession of the building, fence, landscaping or structure not less than seventy-two (72) hours written notice to either self-abate the graffiti on the property, provide consent to allow the City to abate the graffiti at the owners expense, or face prosecution.that, unless the graffiti to which the notice relates is removed within the period of time set forth in said notice, the City will enter upon the property for the purpose of abating the public nuisance by removal of the graffiti. The notice shall also contain a statement that if the graffiti is not timely removed by such owner or person entitled to possession and the removal is done by the City or its agent that all cost incurred therein will be assessed against the property upon which said nuisance is located, in the time and manner set forth in this Code. Notice. The notice shall be given by personal service on the person to be notified, or by first class mail , addressed to the person to be notified at his/her last known address. Assessment of Costs. Where graffiti nuisance abatement costs are to be assessed against the property pursuant to the provisions of this Section, the same shall be accomplished in the time manner set forth in this Code. 8.14.150 Expenditure of Public Funds This City Council has determined that the continued existence of graffiti on buildings, structures, fences, or landscaping within the City is obnoxious and a nuisance, and has the effect of encouraging the placement of more graffiti at the same location as well as on adjacent buildings, structures, fences, landscaping or other surfaces. The prompt removal of graffiti is necessary to prevent the proliferation of graffiti. Accordingly, the City may is authorized to expend City funds to remove graffiti from publicly or privately owned real property within the City. At the City's discretion, such removal shall be performed by the City only after a finding by the city Manager that the graffiti is located on public or privately owned permanent structures located on public or privately owned real property within the City and after securing the consent of the owner or other person entitled to possession of the property pursuant to Section 8 . 14 . 140. 8.14.160 Penalties for Violation A violation of any provision of this Chapter, is a misdemeanor and shall be punishable by a fine not to exceed One Thousand Dollars ($1, 000) , or by imprisonment for a period not to exceed six (6) months, or by both such fine and imprisonment. SECTION 2. Severability. If any section, subsection, clause or phrase (hereinafter collectively referred to as provision) of this ordinance or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, it is the intent of the City Council in adopting this ordinance that such invalidity shall not affect the remaining provisions or applications which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this ordinance are severable. SECTION 3. That this ordinance shall take effect 30 days after final passage and adoption. SECTION 4. The City Clerk shall certify to the passage of this ordinance and shall cause the same to published as required by law. PASSED AND ADOPTED this 3rd day of November , 1993 . Mayor of the City of Mokbrpark ATTEST: City Clerk ♦' P}}E-c A rPnn-1 b RECEIVED AUG 2 4 1993 LAW OFFICES L1.y of uorp3rk BURKE, WILLIAJS 8c SORENSEN 7 VENTURA COUNTY OFFICE 611 WEST SIXTH STREET. SUITE 2500 RURKE,WILLIAMS.SORENSEN A GAAR 2310 PONDEROSA ORIVELIGI4TON PLAZA SUITE I LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90017 7300 COLLEGE BOULEVARD CAMARILLO. CALIFORNIA 93010 12131 236-0600 SUITE 220 16051 987-3465 OVERLAND PARK, KANSAS 66210 19131 339-6200 T£LECOPI ER: 12131 236-2700 ORANGE COUNTY OFFICE WRITER'S bIRECT DIAL 3200 BRISTOL STREET --- - SUITE 640 213-236-2721 COSTA MESA,CALIFORNIA 92926 17141545-5559 OUR FILE NO. 01359-001 August 23 , 1993 Mary K. Lindley Assistant to the City Manager City of Moorpark 799 Moorpark Avenue Moorpark, California 93021 Re: Graffiti Ordinance Dear Mary: By letter dated August 9, 1993 , you have requested review of the above-described ordinance. Please find enclosed a copy of the ordinance on which I have corrected typographical errors and have made other revisions for the sake of internal consistency as well as consistency with the remainder of Title 8. My substantive comments regarding the ordinance are noted below. As a preface to those comments, I do want to call your attention to the doctrine of preemption since, as your letter recognizes, much of the ordinance is already contained in state codes. A. Preemption. Local legislation that the courts find has been preempted by state law is void and 1i.ence is unenforceable. Preemption exists if the local legislation duplicates state law, contradicts state law (e.g. , is more or less restrictive than a state statute) or enters an area fully occupied by state law, either expressly (i.e. , the statute contains a Legislative declaration that by the enactment of the statute the state intends to preempt local legislation) or by implication (i.e. , the subject matter (i) is so fully and completely covered by state law as to clearly indicate that it has become a matter of LAX:66303.2 Mary K. Lindley August 23, 1993 Page 2 exclusive state concern; (ii) has been partially covered by a statute that is couched in terms that indicate clearly that the state will not tolerate further or additional local legislation; or (iii) has been partially covered by a statute and the subject is of such a nature that the adverse effect of local legislation on transient citizens outweighs the possible benefits to the locality. (Sherwin-Williams v. City of Los Angeles (1993) 16 Cal. Rptr. 2d 215, 217-218 . ) Even when the state has not preempted local regulation, the City should consider whether existing state law adequately addresses its concern. The District Attorney, at no direct expense to the City, prosecutes the violattron of state statutes; he does not prosecute the violation of municipal ordinances. The cost of taking just one violator of this proposed ordinance to trial would almost surely cost the City many times more than the fines that it could expect to collect in a year from violators who plead guilty. B. The Ordinance. 1. Definitions. I call your attention to the fact that, at least in the experience of the City of Los Angeles, a broad-tipped marker pen (one exceeding four millimeters in diameter) is just as destructive a "graffiti implement" as aerosol paint containers. (Sherwin-Williams v. City of Los Angeles supra, at 220. ) 2 . Unlawful to Apply Graffiti. The first paragraph of this section contradicts state law. Penal Code sections 594, 640.5 and 640. 6, collectively, make it unlawful to affix graffiti to any form of real property, not just structures, as well as to any form of personal property (e.g. , vehicles) , not just trees. The second paragraph also contradicts state law. Penal Code sections 594, 640. 5 and 640. 6 lipit restitution to clean-up of the damage and then only at the option of the victim. Aside from the preemption issue, the restitution paragraph would be subject to challenge for being overly broad -- it makes teachers responsible per se for the actions of their minor students. (See Definitions section. ) AX:66303.2 • Mary K. Lindley August 23, 1993 Page 3 3 . Civil Debt. This section enters an area that, at least by implication, appears to be fully occupied by state law. Civil Code section 1714 imposes responsibility for willful and negligent acts and Civil Code section 3281 et seq. governs the extent to which damages may be recovered. I also call your attention to Government Code section 53069.6. This section imposes a duty upon the City to "take all practical and reasonable steps to recover civil damages for the negligent, willful, or unlawful damaging" of its property, including "appropriate legal action". 4 . Furnishing to Minors Prohibited. This section, in -,t(Ark some ways duplicative of, and in other ways contrary to, Penal Code Section 594. 1(a) , is not preempted. Penal Code section t 9419'. 5 expressly renders state legislation regarding the sale of aerosol paint containers and "other liquid substances capable of defacing property" non-preemptive. Although not void, this section right be subject to a successful challenge on the basis of overbreadth or unreasonable- ness. As written, selling to a minor is illegal per se, even though the minor may have produced evidence, albeit forged, of majority. 5. Possession by Minors. This section, at least in part, contradicts Penal Code section 594. 1 (e) . That subdivision, unlike Penal Code section 594 . 1(a) , addresses the "possession" rather than the "sale" of graffiti implements, and so it would only be deemed non-preemptive if the courts were willing to give an expansive interpretation to the word "sale" as used in Penal Code section 594 . 5 . 6 . Parental Civil Liability. This section is essentially duplicative of Civil Code section 1714. 1. Aside from the matter of preemption, this section would be subject to challenge for being overly broad -- it makes school teachers liable per se for the actions of their minor students. (See Definitions section. ) It also confuses civil liability with criminal activity by its use of the term "chargeable action" instead of "tort" . AX:66303.2 Mary K. Lindley August 23 , 1993 Page 4 7. Possession of Graffiti Implements in Public Places. This section, in part, duplicates and in part contra- dicts Penal Code section 594. 1(d) . That subdivision, unlike Penal Code section 594. 1(a) , addresses the "carrying" rather than the "sale" of graffiti implements, and so it would only be deemed non-preemptive if the courts were willing to give an expansive interpretation to the word "sale" as used in Penal Code section 594 . 5. Aside from the matter of preemption, the section could be subject to challenge for being overly broad -- it does not exempt employees of private utility companies in the performance of their official duties; they arguably haeme as much of a need to • mark property with graffiti implements as do City employees or agents. 8 . Restriction On Sale of Graffiti Implement. A provision similar to this section has been upheld by the Califor- nia Supreme Court in Sherwin-Williams v. City of Los Angeles, { supra, on the basis that it regulates the non-preemptive subject matter of the sale of graffiti implements. This section does not, however, exactly duplicate the Los Angeles regulation. Whenever a court, particularly the Supreme Court, has upheld an ordinance, it is prudent to adopt that ordinance verbatim, making only changes that are necessary to conform to the City's termino- logy. (For your information, I am enclosing a copy of the Los Angeles regulation. ) 9. Sign Required. This section is not preempted by any subdivision of Penal Code section 594. 1, since it pertains to the sale of graffiti implements. However, the text that is required to be displayed on the sign is misleading; there is nothing in this ordinance that makes it illegal to sell to a minor only when the minor is not accompanied by a responsible adult. (See Furnishing To Minors Prohibited above. ) 10. Nuisance/Summary Nuisance Abatement. Abating graffiti on private property without the consent of the owner or person in possession will almost surely invite litigation, in particular because the paint used to remove graffiti seldom matches the existing paint. With the jurisdictional limit of small claims courts set at $5, 000. 00, it would be a simple matter for a property owner to sue the City to recover the costs of repainting the entire building. AX:66303.2 Mary K. Lindley August 23, 1993 Page 5 In light of the liability to which the Summary Nuisance Abatement section exposes the City, you may want to consider making it unlawful for the owners/persons in possession to fail to abate graffiti on their property. The owner/person would then have the option of performing self-abatement (or consenting to pro-offered City abatement) or of being prosecuted. Such an approach would also make unnecessary the Nuisance section. (See M.M.C. § 1.12 .070. ) 11. Expenditure of Public Funds. The second paragraph contradicts state law. Government Code section 53069. 3 enables the City to adopt an ordinance authorizing expenditure of City funds for graffiti removal, but the funds *can only be used to remove graffiti from "permanent structures" and the City must find that the graffiti is obnoxious. If you have any questions regarding my comments, please do not hesitate to contact me. Very truly yours, CH ci. _ KANE CI ORNEY, MOORPARK; and BURKE, WILLIAMS & SORENSEN CJK:hsk cc: Steven Kueny, City Manager LAX:66303.2