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HomeMy WebLinkAboutAGENDA REPORT 2013 0206 CCSA REG ITEM 08A ITEM 8.A. City Council Meeting of MOORPARK CITY COUNCIL ACTION: AGENDA REPORT TO: Honorable City Council FROM: John Brand, Senior Management Analyst DATE: January 31, 2013 (CC Meeting of 2/06/2013) SUBJECT: Consider Resolution Adopting the 2010 Ventura County Hazard Mitigation Plan and the City of Moorpark 2013 Update to the Mitigation Plan SUMMARY The Hazard Mitigation Plan is a multi-hazard plan that identifies hazards and their effects on the community, and sets goals and specific actions to effectively mitigate these hazards. The City's adoption of the 2010 Ventura County Hazard Mitigation Plan and the City of Moorpark 2013 Update to the Plan will allow the City to apply to the Federal Emergency Management Agency for pre-disaster and post-disaster grant funding and maintains compliance with state and federal requirements for plan maintenance. Incorporation of the City's plan into the County of Ventura Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan will provide significant operational efficiencies and economies of scale for the City. The Ventura County Hazard Mitigation Plan includes Ventura County, the cities of Camarillo, Ojai, Oxnard, Port Hueneme, Santa Paula, Thousand Oaks, San Buenaventura, as well as the Calleguas Municipal Water District, Casitas Municipal Water District, Channel Islands Beach Community Services District, Conejo Recreation and Park District, Ojai Valley Sanitary District, United Water Conservation District, Ventura County Fire Protection District, Ventura County Office of Education, and the Ventura and County Watershed Protection District. BACKGROUND The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000) amended the Federal Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act by requiring that local governments reduce risks from natural hazards through mitigation planning and activities carried out in advance of natural disasters. The general purpose of DMA 2000 was to reduce preventable, repetitive disaster losses by encouraging states and local jurisdictions to plan more 1 Honorable City Council Meeting of February 6, 2013 Page 2 wisely through mitigation of natural hazards, vulnerability, and risk. The basic reason for its passage was the growing volume and severity of preventable, repetitive losses from natural disasters aggravated by the widespread problem of poorly planned local development. Pursuant to DMA 2000, a local agency must adopt a Hazard Mitigation Plan and update it every five years to remain eligible for various pre and post disaster grants and community assistance from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). A Hazard Mitigation Plan is a planning document which assesses a local jurisdiction's vulnerabilities to natural hazards and identifies mitigation strategies that the jurisdiction can take before natural disasters occur in order to reduce the property damage and injury that otherwise might result from such hazard events. It differs from an emergency response plan in that it is proactive rather than reactive. The Hazard Mitigation Plan must include mitigation strategies in a five—year implementation plan that the local agency will strive to carry out. DISCUSSION The Hazard Mitigation Plan documents the mitigation planning effort (i.e. the process of learning about hazards that affect the community, setting goals, identifying actions, and applying a mitigation strategy). Implementation of the Plan can reduce long-term hazard vulnerability and the cost of disasters to property owners and local government. The hazards identified and profiled in the Plan were considered to be of paramount importance within the City of Moorpark. The following hazards of concern, in order of significance, were selected for evaluation in the mitigation plan: Natural Hazards • Earthquake • Wildfire • Flooding/Winter Storm • Landslide/Mudslide • Dam Failure • Utility Failure Mitigation Measures Mitigation activities for each hazard include a range of options consistent with the six broad categories of mitigation actions outlined in FEMA publication 386-3 "Developing the Mitigation Plan: Identifying Mitigation Actions and Implementing Strategies." 2 Honorable City Council Meeting of February 6, 2013 Page 3 • Prevention: Government administrative or regulatory actions or processes that influence the way land and buildings are developed and built. These actions also include public activities to reduce hazard losses. Examples include planning and zoning, building codes, capital improvement programs, open space preservation, and storm water management regulations. • Property Protection: Actions that involve modification of existing buildings or structures to protect them from a hazard, or removal from the hazard area. Examples include acquisition, elevation, relocation, structural retrofits, storm shutters, and shatter-resistant glass. • Public Education and Awareness: Actions to inform and educate citizens, property owners, and elected officials about hazards and potential ways to mitigate them. Such actions include outreach projects, real estate disclosure, hazard information centers, and school-age and adult education programs. • Natural Resource Protection: Actions that, in addition to minimizing hazard losses, preserve or restore the functions of natural systems. Examples include sediment and erosion control, stream corridor restoration, watershed management, forest and vegetation management, and wetland restoration and preservation. • Emergency Services: Actions that protect people and property during and immediately following a disaster or hazard event. Services include warning systems, emergency response services, and protection of critical facilities. • Structural Projects: Actions that involve the construction of structures to reduce the impact of a hazard. Such structures include dams, levees, floodwalls, retaining walls, and safe rooms. Should the City not adopt the Plan update, then the City would not be eligible to apply for FEMA grant assistance. Once the Plan is adopted, not only will the City be compliant with the DMA 2000 requirement to update the Plan every five years, the City will become eligible to apply for hazard mitigation funding from both the Pre-Disaster Mitigation Grant Program (PDM) and the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP). The PDM competitive grant program provides funds to State, Tribal, and local governments for pre-disaster mitigation planning and projects primarily addressing natural hazards. The HMGP provides grants to States and local governments to implement long-term hazard mitigation measures after a major disaster declaration. The mitigation measures in the proposed Hazard Mitigation Action Plan (Exhibit A, Table 1-12) would be eligible for PDM funding, and reimbursement for emergency 3 Honorable City Council Meeting of February 6, 2013 Page 4 expenses and disaster recovery activity would be eligible for HMGP funds if the proposed plan is approved. In the past the City received reimbursements for three declared disasters that affected the City of Moorpark: $5,614 for the 2003 Simi Fire; $27,785 for the 2005 Winter Storms; and $16,518 for the 2009 Guiberson Fire. Public contact was made through posting of the agenda on the City's official notice bulletin board, posting of the agenda on the City's web page, and availability of the agenda and staff report in the City Clerk's office, and at the Moorpark City Library. County wide Integration In 2011, the County of Ventura Emergency Planning Council adopted 2010 Ventura County Hazard Mitigation Plan that includes nine cities and nine special districts. Simi Valley retains a stand-alone plan. There may be significant advantages to integrate the City's plan into the county wide plan. As Council is aware, the bulk of our first responder resources are provided by other agencies. Law enforcement services are provided under contract with the Ventura County Sheriff's Department, and fire protection services are provided by the Ventura County Fire Protection District. Since none of the hazards likely to affect Moorpark are confined to the City itself, integrating the City's mitigations with the rest of the county may make sense. The Ventura County Hazard Mitigation Plan is structured as follows: Sections 1-9 cover general information (introduction, statutory prerequisites, the planning process) followed by Hazard Analysis, Vulnerability Analysis, Capability Assessment, Mitigation Strategy, Plan Maintenance, and References. Each participating jurisdiction or agency has its specific information in the Appendices. The City of Moorpark's information is Appendix I, and attached as Exhibit A to the proposed Resolution. Included in the Critical Facilities listed in Table 1-4 are water storage and transmission facilities of other agencies that are critical to Moorpark, and not yet identified in the County Hazard Mitigation Plan, such as the water wells, storage tanks, pump stations, and wastewater treatment plant of the of Ventura County Waterworks District #1, and the new Calleguas pump station on Spring Road. A copy of the full plan document is available for Council review in Conference room reading file. FISCAL IMPACT Staff effort, and consideration of mitigation priorities during annual budget preparation, including seeking competitive grant funding when available. In previous Fiscal Years, approximately $12,000 has been spent in preparation of the Hazard Mitigation Plan. It is anticipated that future updates if the Hazard mitigation Plan will be eligible for PDM grant funding. 4 Honorable City Council Meeting of February 6, 2013 Page 5 STAFF RECOMMENDATION 1. Open the public hearing, accept public testimony and close the public hearing 2. Adopt Resolution No. 2013- Attachment 1: Resolution Exhibit A: 2013 City of Moorpark Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Exhibit B: 2010 Ventura County Hazard Mitigation Plan Summary 5 ATTACHMENT 1 RESOLUTION NO. 2013- A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF MOORPARK, CALIFORNIA, ADOPTING THE VENTURA COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN AND THE CITY OF MOORPARK UPDATE TO ITS PORTION OF THE LOCAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN WHEREAS, the City of Moorpark recognizes the threat that hazards pose to people and property within our community; and WHEREAS, undertaking hazard mitigation actions will reduce the potential for harm to people and property from future hazard occurrences; and WHEREAS, the City of Moorpark fully participated in the FEMA-prescribed mitigation planning process to prepare this Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan; and WHEREAS, the Ventura County Emergency Planning Council, and Emergency Coordinators Council has updated the Hazard Mitigation Plan to advance better mitigation planning and projects within the county; and NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF MOORPARK DOES HEREBY RESOLVE AS FOLLOWS: SECTION 1. That the 2013 update to its City of Moorpark Hazard Mitigation Plan included as an Exhibit "A" to this resolution, is approved. SECTION 2. That the plan entitled "The Hazard Mitigation Plan for Ventura County, California" is adopted by reference by the City Council as an updated regional plan and a guidebook to a more disaster resistant community, and summarized in Exhibit "B". SECTION 3. That the City of Moorpark adopts, and adapts with this multi- jurisdictional plan as its Local Hazard Mitigation Plan, subject to final language approval by the City Manager. SECTION 4. The City of Moorpark commits to continuing to take those actions and initiating further actions, as appropriate, as identified in the City of Moorpark Local Hazard Mitigation Plan for inclusion in the multi jurisdictional Local Hazard Mitigation Plan. 6 SECTION 5. The City Clerk shall certify to the adoption of the resolution and shall cause a certified resolution to be filed in the book of original resolutions. PASSED AND ADOPTED this 6th day of February, 2013. Janice S. Parvin, Mayor ATTEST: Maureen Benson, City Clerk Attachments: Exhibit A: 2013 City of Moorpark Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Exhibit B: 2010 Ventura County Hazard Mitigation Plan Summary 7 Exhibit A Appendix 1 ClIv of Moorpark 8 Table I-1. City of Moorpark,Total Population and Residential Buildings Population Residential Buildings Total Residential Building Value 34,421 10,7381 $215,373,500 9 Appendix I City of Moorpark Table 1-2.Cltv of MoonDa rk,Total Critical Facilities and Infrastructure CATEGORY DD. City Government Arroyo Vista Recreation Center 4550 Tierra Rejada Rd,Moorpark,CA 93021 $ 3,598,577 City Government AVRC Well House No 1 4550 Tierra Rejada Rd,Moorpark,CA 93021 $ 76,668 City Government AVRC Weil House No 2 4550 Tierra Rejada Rd,Moorpark,CA 93021 $ 58,633 City Government Moorpark Civic Center(City Hall Library,Active Adult Center,and Community Center 699-799 Moorpark Avenue,Moorpark,CA 93021-1136 $ 6,003,338 City Government Public Services Facility(City Yard 629 Fitch Avenue,Moorpark,CA 93021-2061 $ 10,325,486 Social Services and Medical Clinic Ruben Castro Human Services Facility 612 Spring Road,Moorpark,CA 93021 $ 14,255,000 County Government Ventura County Road Maintenance Yard 1750 Walnut Canyon Road,Moorpark,CA 93021 County Government Ventura County Waterworks District No.1 6767 Spring Road,Moorpark,CA 93021 Emergency Response Police Services Center Police CHP Sher' 610 Spring Road,Moorpark,CA 93021-1278 $ 9,341,915 Public Utility Detention Basin Site No."1" above Valle Rd. 34.290313,-118.876716 Public Utility Detention Basin Site No."2" near Campus Drive 34.297235,-118.833876 Public Utility Detention Basin Walnut Canyon Meridian Hills 34.29638,-118.879361 Public Utility Moorpark Edison Company Substation 5027 Gabbert Road,Moorpark,CA 93021-1776 Public Utility Moorpark Waste Water Treatment Plant 9550 W.Los Angeles Avenue,Moorpark,CA 93021 Public Utility Fairview Water Reservoir Tank west 34.327188,-118.928354 Public Utility Stockton Water Reservoir Tank 34.321269,-118.923976 Public Utility Skyline Water Reservoir Tank 34.330519,-118.900781 Public Utility Fruitvale Water Reservoir 34.328685,-118.890529 Public Utility Fairview Water Reservoir Tank east 34.328659,-118.882627 Public Utility Palmer Water Reservoir Tank 34.307587,-118.884194 Public Utility Gabbert Road Water Reservoir Tank 34.29704,-118.903441 Public Utility Moorpark Yard Water Reservoir Tank 34.295268,-118.876534 Public Utility College Water Reservoir Tank#1 34.295658,-118.831258 Public Utility College Water Reservoir Tank#2 34.295374,-118.831344 Public Utility Grimes Canyon Road Water Reservoir Tank 34.288708,-118.92374 Public Utility Temez Water Reservoir Tank 34.261168,-118.919452 Public Utility Mountain Meadows Water Reservoir Tank#1 34.258912,-118.895084 Public Utility Mountain Meadows Water Reservoir Tank#2 34.259056,-118.894617 Public Utility Peach Hill Water Reservoir Tank 34.261091,-118.8784 Public Utility Miller Water Reservoir Tank#1 34.268101,-118.859662 Public Utility Miller Water Reservoir Tank#2 34.267838,-118.859909 Public Utility VCWWD#1 Pumping Stations(5) various Public Utility Moorpark Pump Station 4764 Spring Road,Moorpark,CA 93021 State Government Caltrans Maintenance Yard 626 Fitch Avenue,Moorpark,CA 93021 Transportation Tierra Rejada Bridge S.R.23 At Tierra Rejada Road Transportation Los Angeles Ave Underpass Bridge Los Angeles Ave/S.R.23,Moorpark,CA 93021 Transportation Princeton Avenue Bridge S.R.118 At Princeton Avenue Transportation Collins Drive Bridge S.R.118 At Collins Drive Transportation Moorpark Station-Metrolink/Amtrak 310 High Street,Moorpark,CA 93021 Transportation Spring Road Bride Spring Road at Arroyo Simi,Moorpark,CA 93021 Transportation State Route 23/188 Transition Bride S.R.23/118 at Arroyo Simi,Moorpark,CA 93021 Transportation Tierra Rejada Road Bride Tierra Rejada Road at Arroyo Simi,Moorpark,CA 93021 Transportation Transition Bridge 23-118 Moorpark,Moorpark,CA 93021 F-+ 1.2 CD Table I-3. City of Moorpark, Vulnerable Population and Residential Buildings Hazard Population Residential buildings Total Residential Building Value Earthquake-Groundshaking Extreme 19,404 4,933 $1,141,828,807 Earthquake-Groundshaking High 12,007 3,631 $1,010,896,193 Earthquake-Groundshaking Moderate 0 0 $0 Flooding- 100 Year Flood Zone 6,464 1,386 $319,749,866 Flooding-500 Year Flood Zone 3,342 668 $160,327,877 Flooding-Dam Failure 12,544 2,906 $709,081,857 Flooding-Levee Failure 165 58 $17,257,908 Geological-Landslide 592 172 $43,697,657 Geological-Liquefaction 15,355 3,706 $849,635,544 Post-Fire Debris Flow 8 2 $506,246 Severe Winter Storm-Freeze Moderate 0 0 $0 Severe Winter Storm-Freeze Low 31,411 8,564 $2,152,725,000 Tsunami 0 0 $0 Wildfire-Very High 13,043 3,904 $959,770,765 Wildfire-High 4,360 1,225 $299,899,435 Wildfire-Moderate 3,362 840 $212,390,422 Appendix I City of Moorpark Table 1-4.City of Moo ark,Vulnerable Critical Facilities and Infrastructure CATEGORY Hazard DD- Earthquake-Groundshaking Extreme City Government Arro o Vista Recreation Center 4550 Tierra Rejada Rd,Moorpark,CA 93021 $ 3,598,577 Earthquake-Groundshaking Extreme City Government Moorpark City Hall and Community Center 799 Moorpark Avenue, Moorpark, CA 93021-1136 $ 6,003,338 Earthquake-Groundshaking Extreme City Government Public Services Facility(City Yard 629 Fitch Avenue, Moorpark,CA 93021-2061 $ 10,325,486 Earthquake-Groundshaking Extreme County Government Ventura County Road Maintenance Yard 1750 Walnut Canyon Road, Moorpark,CA 93021 Earthquake-Groundshaking Extreme County Government Ventura County Waterworks District No. 1 6767 Spring Road, Moorpark,CA 93021 Earthquake-Groundshaking Extreme Emergency Response Police Services Center Police CHP Sheriffl 610 Spring Road, Moorpark,CA 93021-1278 $ 9,341,915 Earthquake-Groundshaking Extreme Public Utility Detention Basin Site No."1" 34.290313,-118.876716 Earthquake-Groundshaking Extreme Public Utility Detention Basin Site No."2" 34.297235,-118.833876 Earthquake-Groundshaking Extreme Public Utility Moorpark Edison Company Substation 5027 Gabbert Road, Moorpark,CA 93021-1776 Earthquake-Groundshaking Extreme Public Utility Moorpark Waste Water Treatment Plant 9550 W. Los Angeles Avenue, Moorpark,CA 93021 Earthquake-Groundshaking Extreme State Government Caltrans Maintenance Yard 626 Fitch Avenue,Moorpark,CA 93021 Earthquake-Groundshaking Extreme Transportation Tierra Rejada Bridge S.R.23 At Tierrqa Rejada Road Earthquake-Groundshaking Extreme Transportation Los Angeles Ave Underpass Bridge Los Angeles Ave/S.R.23, Moorpark,CA 93021 Earthquake-Groundshaking Extreme Transportation Princeton Avenue Bridge S.R. 118 At Princeton Avenue Earthquake-Groundshaking Extreme Transportation Collins Drive Bridge S.R. 118 At Collins Drive Earthquake-Groundshaking Extreme Transportation Moorpark Station—Metrolink/Amtrak 310 High Street,Moorpark,CA 93021 Earthquake-Groundshaking Extreme Transportation Spring Road Bride Spring Road at Arroyo Simi , Moorpark,CA 93021 Earthquake-Groundshaking Extreme Transportation State Route 23/188 Transition Bride S.R.23/118 at Arroyo Simi, Moorpark,CA 93021 Earthquake-Groundshaking Extreme Transportation Tierra Rejada Road Bride Tierra Rejada Road at Arroyo Simi,Moorpark,CA 93021 Earthquake-Groundshaking Extreme Transportation Transition Bridge 23-118 Moorpark, Moorpark,CA 93021 Flooding-500 Year Flood Zone City Government AVRC Well House No 1 4550 Tierra Rejada Rd, Moorpark,CA 93021 $ 76,668 Flooding-500 Year Flood Zone City Government AVRC Well House No 2 4550 Tierra Rejada Rd, Moorpark,CA 93021 $ 58,633 Flooding-500 Year Flood Zone Public Utility Moorpark Edison Company Substation 5027 Gabbert Road,Moorpark,CA 93021-1776 Flooding-Dam Failure City Government Arroyo Vista Recreation Center 4550 Tierra Rejada Rd, Moorpark,CA 93021 $ 3,598,577 Flooding-Dam Failure City Government Moorpark City Hall and Community Center 799 Moorpark Avenue, Moorpark,CA 93021-1136 $ 6,003,338 Flooding-Dam Failure City Government Public Services Facility(City Yard 629 Fitch Avenue, Moorpark,CA 93021-2061 $ 10,325,486 Flooding-Dam Failure Emergency Response Police Services Center Police CHP Sheriffl 610 Spring Road, Moorpark, CA 93021-1278 $ 9,341,915 Flooding-Dam Failure Public Utility Detention Basin Site No."1" 34.290313,-118.876716 Flooding-Dam Failure Public Utility Detention Basin Site No."2" 34.297235,-118.833876 Flooding-Dam Failure Public Utility Moorpark Edison Company Substation 5027 Gabbert Road,Moorpark,CA 93021-1776 Flooding-Dam Failure Public Utility Moorpark Waste Water Treatment Plant 9550 W. Los Angeles Avenue,Moorpark,CA 93021 Flooding-Dam Failure State Government Caltrans Maintenance Yard 626 Fitch Avenue, Moorpark, CA 93021 Flooding-Levee Failure Public Utility Detention Basin Site No. "2" 34.297235,-118.833876 Flooding-Levee Failure City Government Arroyo Vista Recreation Center 4550 Tierra Rejada Rd, Moorpark,CA 93021 $ 3,598,577 Flooding-Levee Failure City Government AVRC Well House No 1 4550 Tierra Rejada Rd, Moorpark,CA 93021 $ 76,668 Flooding-Levee Failure City Government AVRC Well House No 2 4550 Tierra Rejada Rd, Moorpark,CA 93021 $ 58,633 N Appendix I City of Moorpark Table 1-4.CiN of Moorpark,Vulnerable Critical Facilities and Infrastructure CATEGORY Hazard DD- Geological-Liquefaction City Government Arroyo Vista Recreation Center 4550 Tierra Rejada Rd,Moorpark,CA 93021 $ 3,598,577 Geological-Liquefaction City Government Moorpark City Hall and Community Center 799 Moorpark Avenue, Moorpark,CA 93021-1136 $ 6,003,338 Geological-Liquefaction City Government Public Services Facility(City Yard 629 Fitch Avenue, Moorpark,CA 93021-2061 $ 10,325,486 Geological-Liquefaction Emergency Response Police Services Center Police CHP Sheri 610 Spring Road, Moorpark,CA 93021-1278 $ 9,341,915 Geological-Liquefaction Public Utility Detention Basin Site No."1" above Valle Rd. 34.290313,-118.876716 Geological-Liquefaction Public Utility Detention Basin Site No."2" near Campus Drive 34.297235,-118.833876 Geological-Liquefaction Public Utility Detention Basin Walnut Canyon Meridian Hills 34.29638,-118.879361 Geological-Liquefaction Public Utility Moorpark Edison Company Substation 5027 Gabbert Road, Moorpark,CA 93021-1776 Geological-Liquefaction Public Utility Moorpark Waste Water Treatment Plant 9550 W. Los Angeles Avenue, Moorpark,CA 93021 Geological-Liquefaction State Government Caltrans Maintenance.Yard 626 Fitch Avenue, Moorpark,CA 93021 Severe Winter Storm-Freeze Low Public Utility Moorpark Edison Company Substation 5027 Gabbert Road, Moorpark,CA 93021-1776 Severe Winter Storm-Freeze Low Public Utility Detention Basin Site No."1" Wildfire-Very High City Government Moorpark City Hall and Community Center 799 Moorpark Avenue, Moorpark,CA 93021-1136 Is 6,003,338 Wildfire-Very High Public Utility I Moorpark Edison Company Substation 15027 Gabbert Road, Moorpark,CA 93021-1776 N W Table I-5. City of Moorpark, Summary of Impacts for Population and Residential Buildings Hazard Population %of Population No.of Residential Buildings %of Residential Buildings Earthquake-Groundshaking Extreme 19,404 62% 4,933 58% Earthquake-Groundshaking High 12,007 38% 3,631 42% Earthquake-Groundshaking Moderate 0 0% 0 0% Flooding- 100 Year Flood Zone 6,464 21% 1,386 16% Flooding-500 Year Flood Zone 3,342 11% 668 8% Flooding-Dam Failure 12,544 40% 2,906 34% Flooding-Levee Failure 165 1% 58 1% Geological-Landslide 592 2% 172 2% Geological-Liquefaction 15,355 49% 3,706 43% Post-Fire Debris Flow 8 0% 2 0% Severe Winter Storm-Freeze Moderate 0 0% 0 0% Severe Winter Storm-Freeze Low 31,411 100% 8,564 100% Tsunami 0 0% 0 0% Wildfire-Very High 13,043 42% 3,904 46% Wildfire-High 4,360 1 14% 1,225 14% Wildfire-Moderate 3,362 11% 840 10% N Appendix I City of Moorpark Table 1-6. City of Moorpark, Vulnerable Critical Facilities and Infrastructure Hazard . of Critical Facilities and Infrastructure % of Critical Facilities and Infrastructure Earthquake - Groundshaking Extreme 20 40% Earthquake - Groundshaking High 0 O% Earthquake - Groundshaking Moderate 0 0% Flooding - 100 Year Flood Zone 0 0% Flooding - 500 Year Flood Zone 3 6% Flooding - Dam Failure 9 18% Flooding - Levee Failure 4 8% Geological - Landslide 0 0% Geological - Liquefaction 10 20% Severe Winter Storm - Freeze Moderate 0 0% Severe Winter Storm - Freeze Low 2 4% Tsunami 0 0% Wildfire - Very High 2 4% Wildfire - High 0 0% Wildfire - Moderate 0 polo U1 1 -6 Table I-7. City of Moorpark, Human and Technical Resources for Hazard Mitigation Staff/Personnel Resources Department or Agency Principal Activities Related to Hazard Mitigation Develops and maintains the General Plan, including the Safety Element. Develops area plans based on the General Plan,to provide more specific guidance for the development of more specific areas. Planner(s), engineer(s)and technical staff with City of Moorpark, Community Reviews private development projects and proposed capital knowledge of land development, land management Development Department improvements projects and other physical projects involving practices, and human-caused and natural hazards. property for consistency and conformity with the General Plan. Anticipates and acts on the need for new plans,policies,and Code changes. Applies the approved plans,policies,code provisions,and other regulations to proposed land uses. City of Moorpark,Community Engineer(s),Building Inspectors/Code Development Department Enforcement Officers or other professional(s)and Building& Safety Contract Services Oversees the effective,efficient,fair,and safe enforcement of technical staff trained in construction requirements Charles Abbott&Associates the California Building Code and practices related to existing and new buildings. City of Moorpark,City Provides direct or contract civil,structural,and mechanical Engineers, construction project managers,and Engineer/Public Works Department supporting technical staff. engineering services, including contract,project,and construction management. City of Moorpark, City Maintains and operates of a wide range of local equipment Engineer(s),project manager(s),technical staff, Engineer/Public Works Department and facilities as well as providing assistance to members of equipment operators,and maintenance and County of Ventura,Water& the public.These include providing sufficient clean fresh construction staff. Sanitation Department,VC water,reliable sewer services, street maintenance,storm Waterworks District 1 drainage systems, street cleaning,street lights and traffic rn Table I-7. City of Moorpark, Human and Technical Resources for Hazard Mitigation StafVPersonnel Resources Department or Agency Principal Activities Related to Hazard Mitigation signals. City of Moorpark, City Reviews and ensures that new development proposals do not Engineer/Public Works Department, increase flood risk,and that new developments are not located Floodplain Administrator below the 100 year flood level. In addition,the Floodplain County of Ventura, Watershed Administrator is responsible for planning and managing flood Protection District risk reduction projects throughout the local jurisdiction. Maintains and updates the Emergency Operations Plan for the City of Moorpark, Assistant City local jurisdiction. In addition,coordinates local response and Emergency Manager Manager/Community Services relief activities within the Emergency Operation Center,and Department,EOC Coordinator Forks closely with County,state,and federal partners to support planning and training and to provide information and coordinate assistance. City of Moorpark, Deputy City Provides a full range of municipal financial services, Procurement Services Manager Manager,Administration and administers several licensing measures,and functions as the Finance Department local jurisdiction's Procurement Services Manager. v Table I-8. City of Moorpark, Financial Resources for Hazard Mitigation Type Subtype Administrator Purpose Amount General Fund City of Moorpark, Program operations and specific projects. Variable. City Manager GO Bonds are appropriately used for the construction and/or acquisition of General improvements to real property broadly Obligation City of Moorpark, available to residents and visitors. Such Variable (GO)Bonds Finance Department facilities include,but are not limited to, libraries,hospitals,parks,public safety facilities, and cultural and educational facilities. Lease revenue bonds are used to finance Local capital projects that(1)have an identified budgetary stream for repayment(e.g., Lease Revenue City of Moorpark, specified fees,tax receipts,etc.), (2)generate Bonds Finance Department Project revenue but rely on a broader pledge Variable of general fund revenues to reduce borrowing costs,or(3)finance the acquisition and installation of equipment for the local jurisdiction's general governmental purposes. Includes the use of local professionals, business owners,residents,and civic groups and trade associations,generally for the study Public-Private City of Moorpark, of issues and the development of guidance Project-specific. Partnerships City Manager and recommendations. 00 Table I-8. City of Moorpark, Financial Resources for Hazard Mitigation Type Subtype Administrator Purpose Amount Hazard Available to California communities after a Federal Emergency Presidentially declared disaster has occurred in Mitigation Management Supports pre-and and pr post-disaster mitigation California.Grant award based on specific Grant Program Agency FEMA plans and projects. (HMGP) g y( ) projects as they are identified by eligible applicants. Pre-Disaster Available on an annual basis as a nationally Mitigation FEMA Supports pre-disaster mitigation plans and competitive grant.Grant award based on Federal (PDM)grant projects. specific projects as they are identified(no more program than$3M federal share for projects). Flood Available on an annual basis,distributed to Mitigation California communities by the California Mitigates repetitively flooded structures and Assistance FEMA Emergency Management Agency(Cal EMA). (FMA)grant infrastructure. Grant award based on specific projects as they program are identified. Provides equipment,protective gear, Assistance to Available to fire departments and nonaffiliated Firefighters FEMA/USFA(U.S. emergency vehicles,training, and other emergency medical services providers.Grant Fire resources needed to protect the public and Grant(AFG) awards based on specific projects as they are Program Administration) emergency personnel from fire and related identified. hazards. Community Acquisition of real property,relocation and Block Grant U.S.HUD(U.S. demolition,rehabilitation of residential and cont Federal non-residential structures, construction of Program Department of Available to entitled cities. Grant award based (cont) Entitlement Housing and Urban public facilities and improvements,such as on specific projects as they are identified. Communities Development) water and sewer facilities, streets, Grants neighborhood centers,and the conversion of school buildings for eligible purposes. Community U.S.Environmental Through financial and technical assistance Action for a Protection Agency offers an innovative way for a community to Competitive grant program. Grant award based Renewed (EPA) organize and take action to reduce toxic on specific projects as they are identified. Environment ollution(i.e., stormwater)in its local N Table I-8. City of Moorpark, Financial Resources for Hazard Mitigation Type Subtype Administrator Purpose Amount (CARE) environment. Through CARE, a community creates a partnership that implements solutions to reduce releases of toxic pollutants and minimize people's exposure to them. The CWSRF is a loan program that provides low-cost financing to eligible entities within CWSRF programs provided more than$5 Clean Water state and tribal lands for water quality billion annually to fund water quality protection State Revolving PA projects,including all types of non-point g source,watershed protection or restoration, Projects for wastewater treatment,non-point Fund(CWSRF) estuary management projects, and more source pollution control,and watershed and traditional municipal wastewater treatment estuary management. projects. Public Health Department of Funds are intended to upgrade state and local Emergency Health and Human Competitive grant program. Grant award based Preparedness Services' HHS' Public health jurisdictions preparedness and P ( ) response to bioterrorism, outbreaks of on specific projects as they are identified. (PHEP) Centers for Disease infectious diseases,and other public health Madera would participate through the County's Cooperative Control and threats and emergencies. Public Health Department. Agreement. Prevention(CDC) Federal(cont) Homeland Security Build and sustain preparedness technical Technical assistance services developed and Preparedness assistance activities in support of the four delivered to state and local homeland security Technical FEMA/DHS homeland security mission areas(prevention, personnel. Grant award based on specific Assistance protection,response,recovery)and homeland projects as they are identified. Program security program management. (HSPTAP) N O Table I-9. City of Moorpark, Legal and Regulatory Resources for Hazard Mitigation Mitigation, Affects Regulatory Hazards Preparedness, Development Tool Name Description(Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Addressed Response,or in Hazard Recover Areas? Seismic, Geologic, General Plan: Safety Describes hazard areas and regulates current and future Flooding and Mitigation& Yes Element(2001-2005) development based on known hazard areas. inundation,Fire, Preparedness and Hazardous Materials Describes what the local jurisdictions' actions will be Seismic, during a response to an emergency. Includes annexes that Hazardous describe in more detail the actions required of the local Materials, jurisdiction's departments/agencies.Further,this plan Flooding, Plans Multihazard Functional describes the role of the Emergency Operation Center Inundation(dam Plan(2004) (EOC)and the coordination that occurs between the EOC failure),Fire, Response No and the local jurisdiction's departments and other Transportation Incident,Civil response agencies.Finally,this plan describes how the unrest,Terrorism, EOC serves as the focal point among local, state,and Geologic federal governments in times of disaster. (landslide) Describes measures that the local jurisdiction will take to Stormwater Quality minimize stormwater pollution.The SWQMP is required Mitigation& Management Program by the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Stormwater Yes (SWQMP)(2006) Phase II regulations,which became effective in March Preparedness 2003. N N Table I-9. City of Moorpark,Legal and Regulatory Resources for Hazard Mitigation Mitigation, Affects Regulatory Hazards Preparedness, Development Tool Name Description(Effect on Hazard Mitigation) Addressed Response,or in Hazard Recover Areas? The purpose of this code is to establish the minimum Flood,seismic requirements to safeguard the public health,safety,and earthquake,fire, general welfare through structural strength,means of traffic,vehicle, egress facilities,stability,access to persons with animals Mitigation, Policies Code of Ordinances disabilities, sanitation,adequate lighting and ventilation industrial, Preparedness, Yes and energy conservation, and safety to life and property nuisances,safety and Response from fire and other hazards attributed to the built hazards, environment;to regulate and control the demolition of all buildings and structures,and for related purposes. N N Table I-10. City of Moorpark Current, Ongoing, and Completed Hazard Mitigation Projects and Programs Status Current,Ongoing,or Completed) Project/Program Name Description Year(s) Community Emergency Response Up to two 20-hour CERT classes and one refresher Team(CERT)Training to prepare drill conducted each year. Periodic tips distributed, Ongoing residents to help themselves and their g g neighbors before,during,and after and activation of CERT to support fire and public 2006-current emergencies such earthquakes, safety operations during the Guiberson Fire in 2009 fires,and floods. and the Amgen Bike Run in 2011 Distribute emergency preparedness Prepared 22-page Emergency Preparedness information via newsletter,website, Handbook and distrusted approx. 10,000 copies to Completed,Ongoing special events,and refuse bills. every household and business in Moorpark. 2010-current,possible Periodic preparedness tips in quarterly newsletters, update in 2015 and on city TV channel. The emergency operations plan clearly and concisely describes a jurisdiction's emergency organization, its means of coordination with other jurisdictions, and its approach to protecting people and property from disasters and emergencies caused by any of the hazards to which the community is particularly vulnerable. It assigns functional Update the 20004 Multihazard responsibilities to the elements of the emergency P Emergency Operations Completed,Current Functional Plan with an Emergency organization, and details tasks to be carried out at g Y Plan update to be Operations Plan times and places projected as accurately as p permitted by the nature of each situation addressed. completed in 2013 Emergency operations plans are multi-hazard, functional plans that treat emergency management activities generically.They have a basic section that provides generally applicable information without reference to any particular hazard.They also address the unique aspects of individual disasters in hazard-specific appendixes. N W Table I-10. City of Moorpark Current, Ongoing, and Completed Hazard Mitigation Projects and Programs Status Current,Ongoing,or Completed) Project/Program Name Description Year(s) SEMS/NIMS-INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM (ICS)is the model tool for command,control,and SEMS/NIMS ICS.Train City coordination of a response and provides a means to employees in Standardized coordinate the efforts of individual agencies as they Ongoing Emergency Management System work toward the common goal of stabilizing the g g (SEMS),the National Incident incident and protecting life,property,and the 2006-current Management.System(NIMS), and the environment."Incident Command System"uses Incident Command System(ICS) principles that have been proven to improve efficiency and effectiveness in a business setting and applies the principles to emergency response. Los Angeles Avenue Widening at Spring Road- Preparing plans to widen Los Angeles Avenue Current Los Angeles Avenue Widening. between Spring Road and Moorpark Avenue to On going provide total of six travel lanes,as well as curbs, gutters,and sidewalks Realignment and Reconstruction of Flinn Avenue- Realigned and reconstructed Flinn Avenue at Completed Realignment and Reconstruction of Second Street,and installed traffic signal at new 2006 Flinn Avenue four-way intersection. Spring Road Widening-Prepared plans to widen Completed Spring Road Widening-. east side of Spring Road between Flinn Avenue and 2012 point south of Los Angeles Avenue to provide bike lanes and raised landscaped median. The Public Services Facility(City Maintenance Yard)located at 627 Fitch Avenue houses the Completed Public Services Facility City's Public Works,Parks and Facilities 2007 Maintenance,and Vector/Animal Control staff. Consolidating these operations in one location N Table I-10. City of Moorpark Current, Ongoing, and Completed Hazard Mitigation Projects and Programs Status Current,Ongoing,or Completed) Project/Program Name Description Year(s) allows for better communication and workflow. I tis also adjacent to the Caltrans maintenance yard,the Police Services Center,Reuben Castro Human Services Center,and the county's contract ambulance provider. Construction of a 72"diameter water main through the City. The pipe will run under Los Angeles Avenue from the westerly City limits to Spring Road,then south along Spring Road, and under the Completed Water Main Project(Calleguas Arroyo to a pump station southeast of the Spring 2010 Municipal Water District)- Road Bridge. This project connects the District's facilities east of the City to its underground water storage facilities west of the City near Grimes Canyon Road. N Ln Table I-12. City of Moorpark Mitigation Action Plan Potential Responsible Potential Prioritization Facility to Department Funding Implementation Number Description Numbers 1-5 Mitigate or Agency Sources Timeframe Integrate the LHMP, in particular the hazard analysis and mitigation strategy sections, Community Development, PDM and 2 into local planning documents,including 1,3,4,5 All facilities 1 year Emergency HMGP general plans,emergency operations plans, management and capital improvement plans. Work with FEMA Region IX to address any floodplain management issues that may have 1 Public Works PDM and 8 arisen/arise from the DFIRM,Community ,2,3,4 Unknown &Engineering HMGP 3 years Assessment Visits,and/or DWR. Increase participation in the NFIP by entering the Community Rating System program which through enhanced floodplain Public Works PDM and 9 management activities would allow property 1,2,3,4,5 Unknown &Engineering HMGP 3 years owners to receive a discount on their flood insurance Manage vegetation in areas within and Parks and adjacent to rights-of-way and in close Landscape proximity to critical facilities in order to 2 Maintenance PDM and 11 reduce the risk of tree failure and property ,3,4,5 Various and HMGP 3 years damage and avoid creation of wind Community acceleration corridors within vegetated areas. Development N i Ilk ip 0 - . r' i Ventura County Hazard Mitigation Plan Ventura County Final Draft October 2010 City of Camarillo City of Moorpark City of Ojai City of Oxnard City of Port Hueneme City of Santa Paula Co of Thousand Oaks City of Ventura Calleguas Municipal Water District Casitas Municipal Water District Channel Islands Beach Community Services District Conejo Recreation and Park District Ojai Valley Sanitary District united Water Conservation District UM `lentura County Fire Protection District Ventura County Office of Education /?ntura Co!!n*'/Water hPd PrntP 7ion District. Al TABLE N CBNTENTS Section1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................1-1 1.1 Overview.................................................................................................. 1-1 1.2 Hazard Mitigation Planning..................................................................... 1-1 1.3 Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 .............................................................. 1-1 1.4 Grant Programs With Mitigation Plan Requirements.............................. 1-2 1.4.1 Stafford Act Grant Programs....................................................... 1-2 1.4.2 National Flood Insurance Act Grant Programs............................ 1-2 1.5 Local Participants..................................................................................... 1-3 1.6 Community Description........................................................................... 1-4 1.6.1 County of Ventura........................................................................ 1-4 1.6.2 Participating Cities........................................................... 1.6.3 Participating Special Districts...................................................... 1-8 1.7 Description of the Hazard Mitigation Plan............................................ 1-10 1.7.1 Section 2: Prerequisites.............................................................. 1-10 1.7.2 Section 3: Planning Process....................................................... 1-10 1.7.3 Section 4: Hazard Analysis........................................................ 1-10 1.7.4 Section 5: Vulnerability Analysis.............................................. 1-10 1.7.5 Section 6: Capability Assessment.............................................. 1-10 1.7.6 Section 7: Mitigation Strategy................................................... 1-11 1.7.7 Section 8: Plan Maintenance...................................................... 1-11 1.7.8 Section 9: References................................................................. 1-11 Section2 Prerequisites...................................................................................................................2-1 Section3 Planning Process...........................................................................................................3-1 3.1 Planning Process Documentation Overview............................................3-1 3.2 Initial Planning Process, 2004-2005................................................... 3-1 3.3 Plan Update Process, 2010.......................................................................3-2 3.4 Public Outreach and Stakeholder Involvement........................................3-5 3.4.1 Meetings.......................................................................................3-5 3.4.2 Media Announcements................................................................3-5 3.4.3 Website........................................................................................3-6 3.5 Incorporation of Existing Plans and Other Relevant Information...........3-6 Section4 Hazard Analysis..............................................................................................................4-1 4.1 Hazard Analysis Overview......................................................................4-1 4.2 Hazard Identification and Screening........................................................4-1 4.3 Hazard Profiles.........................................................................................4-3 4.3.1 Agricultural Biological Hazards..................................................4-4 4.3.2 Earthquake...................................................................................4-7 4.3.3 Flooding: Riverine and Coastal .................................................4-11 4.3.4 Flooding: Dam Failure...............................................................4-16 4.3.5 Flooding: Levee Failure.............................................................4-20 PZMRU MITIGATION PUNNING-ALL OLIENTSICALIFORHIP HMPS\VENTURA COUNTY OES HMP 3010 UPDRTEIUPDATED VERSION TO DELIVER TO CLIENT 10.1510RRFf VENTURACOUNTY HMP_MTIN BOOY_100110 DOC1 Z 28 TABLE OF CONTENTS 4.3.6 Geological..................................................................................4-21 4.3.7 Post-Fire Debris Flow................................................................4-24 4.3.8 Severe Winter Storm..................................................................4-30 4.3.9 Tsunami......................................................................................4-31 4.3.10 Wildfire......................................................................................4-33 Section Vulnerability Analysis....................................................................................................5-1 5.1 Vulnerability Analysis Overview............................................................5-1 5.2 Asset Inventory........................................................................................5-1 5.3 Methodology............................................................................................5-2 5.4 Data Limitations.......................................................................................5-3 5.5 Exposure Analysis...................................................................................5-3 5.6 RL Properties...........................................................................................5-4 5.7 Summary of Impacts................................................................................5-5 Section 6 Capability Assessment..................................................................................................6-1 6.1 Capability Assessment Overview............................................................6-1 6.2 Calema Capability Assessment Recommendations.................................6-1 Section 7 Mitigation Strategy.........................................................................................................7-1 7.1 Mitigation Strategy Overview..................................................................7-1 7.2 Mitigation Goals......................................................................................7-1 7.3 Identification and Analysis of Mitigation Actions...................................7-2 7.4 Implementation of Mitigation Actions.....................................................7-7 7.5 Identification and Analysis of Mitigation Actions:NFIP Compliance..............................................................................................7-7 Section8 Plan Maintenance...........................................................................................................8-1 8.1 Plan Maintenance Overview....................................................................8-1 8.2 Monitoring, Evaluating and Updating the Plan.......................................8-1 8.3 Implementation Through Existing Planning Mechanisms.......................8-3 8.4 Continued Public Involvement................................................................8-4 Section 9 References......................................................................................................................9-1 Tables 3-1 Planning Committee 3-2 Summary of Initial Update Findings 4-1 Ventura County Hazard Screening 4-2 Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale RD MITIGPTIGN PUNNING-ALL CLIENTS\CPLIFO0.NI�HMPS\VENTIIRA COUNTY OES HMP ZO10 UPO�TE\UPGRTED VERSION TO DELNER TO CLIENT 10.151ORAFT VENTURA COUNTY HMP MNN BODY 10�10_CIOC1 I I 29 TABLE OF CONTENTS 4-3 Date of Initially Mapped FIRM and Emergency/Regular Program Entrance Date into NFIP for Ventura County and Cities 4-4 State-Size Dams Operated by Ventura County Watershed Protection District 4-5 State-Size Dams Not Operated by the Ventura County Watershed Protection District 4-6 Non-State-Size Dams and Basins in Ventura County 4-7 Summary of Debris and Detention Basin Data for Facilities Owned by the Ventura County Watershed Protection District 4-8 Past Tsunami Run-Ups in Ventura County 4-9 Ventura County Fires of Over 1,000 Acres, 1953-2009 7-1 Mitigation Goals 7-2. Potential Mitigation Actions Figures C-1 Diversity and Location of Crops Produced in Ventura County C-2 Regional Faults and Earthquake Groundshaking Hazard Areas C-3 Flood Hazard Area: Riverine and Coastal C-4 Flood Hazard Area: Dam Failure C-5 Flood Hazard Area: Levee Failure C-6 Geologic Hazard Area: Landslide and Liquefaction C-7 Post-Fire Debris Flow Hazard Areas C-8 Post-Fire Debris Flow Hazard Areas C-9 Post-Fire Debris Flow Hazard Areas C-10 Tsunami Hazard Areas C-11 Wildland Fire Hazard Areas C-12 Population C-13 Residential Buildings(Census Blocks) C-14 Critical Facilities and Infrastructure C-15 Repetitive Loss Properties Appendices A FEMA Compliance Documents B Adoption Resolutions C Figures D Planning Committee �R�MITIGATION PUNNING-/LLI GIIENTS\LILLIFORNIR MMPS\VENTURA COUNTY OES HMP 3010 UPDATE\UPORTED VERSION TO DELIVERTO CLIENT l0.15DRPFT VENTURNGOUNTY MMP MAIN BOOV_100]10.00C\111 30 TABLE®F c®MM E Public Outreach and Stakeholder Involvement F Plan Maintenance G Ventura County H City of Camarillo I City of Moorpark J City of Ojai K City of Oxnard L City of Port Hueneme M City of Santa Paula N City of Thousand Oaks O City of Ventura P Calleguas Municipal Water District Q Casitas Municipal Water District R Channel Islands Beach Community Services District S Conejo Recreation and Park District T Ojai Valley Sanitary District U United Water Conservation District V Ventura County Fire Protection District W Ventura County Office of Education X Ventura County Watershed Protection District RD MITIGATION PUNNING-ALL CLIENTSICALIFORNVIHMPSWENTURA COUNTY OES HMP 3010 UPDATE\UPDATED VERSX)N TO DELVER TO CLIENT IO.....fVENTURA COUNTY HMP MAIN BODY II-10 DOC\ IV 31 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acronyms and Abbreviations 2010 HMP Ventura County 2010 Hazard Mitigation Plan CalEMA California Emergency Management Agency CFR Code of Federal Regulations cfs cubic feet per second CGS California Geological Survey County Ventura County CRS Community Rating System DFIRM Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map DMA 2000 Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 DSOD California Division of Safety of Dams ECC Emergency Coordinators' Council FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency FIRM Flood Insurance Rate Map FMA Flood Mitigation Assistance GIS Geographic Information System HLB Huanglongbing(bacterial disease affecting citrus trees) HMGP Hazard Mitigation Grant Program M moment magnitude MMI Modified Mercalli Intensity NCDC National Climatic Data Center NFIP National Flood Insurance Program NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System OES Office of Emergency Services PAL Provisionally Accredited Levee PDM Pre-Disaster Mitigation(Program) PGA peak ground acceleration RFCP Repetitive Flood Claims Program RL repetitive loss SRL severe repetitive loss Stafford Act Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act of 1988 USC United States Code VCOE Ventura County Office of Education VCWPD Ventura County Watershed Protection District RD MITIGATION PUNNING-ALL CIIENTSICALIFORNIq HMPS\VEHTURA GOUNTV DES HMP]010 UPDATE\UPDATED VERSION TO DELIVE0.10 CLIENT 10.i5DRAFf VENTURA COUNTY HMP_MAIN BODV_10010.DOC\ Y 32 This page left intentionally blank 33 SECTI®NONE lMducnon This section provides a brief overview of the topic, an introduction to hazard mitigation planning, and a brief description of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000, grant programs with mitigation plan requirements, local participants, and the 2010 Hazard Mitigation Plan. 1.1 OVERVIEW Ventura County(the County)has developed this Hazard Mitigation Plan(hereinafter referred to as the 2010 HMP)to assess risks posed by natural and human-caused hazards and to develop a mitigation strategy for reducing the County's risks. The County has prepared the 2010 HMP in accordance with the requirements of the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA 2000). The Ventura County Sheriff's Office of Emergency Services(OES), in conjunction with the Ventura County Watershed Protection District(VCWPD), has coordinated the preparation of the 2010 HMP in cooperation with cities and special districts. The 2010 HMP replaces the HMP that the County prepared in 2005 (URS 2005). 1.2 HAZARD MITIGATION PLANNING As defined in Title 44 of the Code of Federal Regulations(CFR), Subpart M, Section 206.401, hazard mitigation is"any action taken to reduce or eliminate the long-term risk to human life and property from natural hazards."As such, hazard mitigation is any work to minimize the impacts of any type of hazard event before it occurs. Hazard mitigation aims to reduce losses from future disasters. It is a process in which hazards are identified and profiled,the people and facilities at risk are analyzed,and mitigation actions to reduce or eliminate hazard risk are developed. The implementation of the mitigation actions,which include short-and long-term strategies that may involve planning,policy changes,programs, projects, and other activities, is the end result of this process. 1.3 DISASTER MITIGATION ACT OF 2000' In recent years, local hazard mitigation planning has been driven by DMA 2000. On October 30, 2000, Congress passed the DMA 2000(Public Law 106-390), which amended the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act of 1988(Stafford Act)(Title 42 of the United States Code [USC] Section 5121 et seq.) by repealing the act's previous mitigation planning section(409)and replacing it with a new mitigation planning section(322). This new section emphasizes the need for state,tribal, and local entities to closely coordinate mitigation planning and implementation efforts. This new section also provides the legal basis for the Federal Emergency Management Agency's(FEMA's)mitigation plan requirements for mitigation grant assistance. To implement these planning requirements,FEMA published an Interim Final Rule in the Federal Register on February 26, 2002 (44 CFR Part 201). The local mitigation planning requirements are identified in their appropriate sections throughout this 2010 HMP and in the FEMA Local Mitigation Planning Crosswalk in Appendix A. In addition,this HMP addresses the Community Rating System(CRS) 10-step planning process requirements. The compliance requirements for CRS are identified in Activity Worksheet 510, which is located in Appendix A. DMITIGATION PLANNING-rLLL Ol1ENTS1GA11FORNIR HMPS\VENTURM COUNTY OES NMP 2010 UPDATEIUPOATED VERSION TO DELNER TOCLIENT l0.15pRRFf VENNftRCOVNTY XMP_4MN BOOY_10p110.00L I-1 34 SEMINONE Ilmducdon 1.4 GRANT.PROGRAMS-WITH MITIGATION PLAN REQUIREMENTS Currently, five FEMA grant programs are available to participating jurisdictions that have FEMA-approved HMPs and are members of the National Flood Insurance Program(NFIP). Two of the grant programs are authorized under the Stafford Act and DMA 2000, and the remaining three are authorized under the National Flood Insurance Act and the Bunning-Bereuter- Blumenauer Flood Insurance Reform Act. 1.4.1 Stafford Act Grant Programs • Hazard Mitigation Grant Program. The Hazard Mitigation Grant Program(HMGP) provides grants to state, local, and tribal entities to implement long-term hazard mitigation measures after declaration of a major disaster. The purpose of the HMGP is to reduce the loss of life and property due to natural disasters and enable mitigation measures to be implemented during the immediate recovery from a disaster. Projects must provide a long- term solution to a problem(for example, elevation of a home to reduce the risk of flood damage rather than buying sandbags and pumps to fight the flood). Also, a project's potential savings must be more than the cost of implementing the project. Funds may be used to protect either public or private property or to purchase property that has been subjected to, or is in danger of, repetitive damage. The amount of funding available for the HMGP under a particular disaster declaration is limited. Under the program,the Federal government may provide a state or tribe with up to 20 percent of the total disaster grants awarded by FEMA and may provide up to 75 percent of the cost of projects approved under the program. • Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program. The Pre-Disaster Mitigation(PDM) Program provides funds to state, local, and tribal entities for hazard mitigation planning and the implementation of mitigation projects before a disaster. PDM grants are awarded on a nationally competitive basis. Like HMGP funding,the potential savings of a PDM project must be more than the cost of implementing the project,and funds may be used to protect either public or private property or to purchase property that has been subjected to, or is in danger of, repetitive damage. The total amount of PDM funding available is appropriated by Congress on an annual basis. The cost-sharing for this grant is 75 percent Federal and 25 percent non-Federal, although cost-sharing of 90 percent Federal and 10 percent non-Federal is available in certain situations. Since the completion of the 2005 HMP, Ventura County and other local participants of the 2005 HMP have submitted nine PDM grant applications. FEMA determined that five of the projects were not eligible and four of the projects were eligible. As of September 2010,the status of the eligible grants is not clear, but it does appear that they have been funded. The PDM grants for the four eligible projects range from $114,000 to $2.8 million. 1.4.2 National Flood Insurance Act Grant Programs • Flood Mitigation Assistance(FMA) Grant Program. The goal of the FMA Grant Program is to reduce or eliminate flood insurance claims under the NFIP. This program places particular emphasis on mitigating repetitive loss (RL)properties. The primary source of funding for this program is the National Flood Insurance Fund. Grant funding is available for three types of grants: planning,project, and technical assistance. Project grants, which use �OMITIGRTION PUNNING-AFL CUENTS\CRLIFO.....PSW 1............. 1-2 35 SEUMNONE lMduclion the majority of the program's total funding, are awarded to local entities to apply mitigation measures to reduce flood losses to properties insured under the NFIP. Cost-sharing for this grant is 75 percent Federal and 25 percent non-Federal,though cost-sharing of 90 percent Federal and 10 percent non-Federal is available in certain situations to mitigate severe repetitive loss(SRL)properties. Information about RL properties in Ventura County is provided in Section 5.6. Since the completion the 2005 HMP, Ventura County and other 2005 HMP local participants have applied for three FMA grants. One project application was withdrawn, one was denied, and the third, submitted by the Ojai Valley Sanitary District in 2007 for trunk sewer relocation, is still open. • Repetitive Flood Claims Program.The Repetitive Flood Claims Program(RFCP)provides funding to reduce or eliminate the long-term risk of flood damage to residential and non- residential structures insured under the NFIP. Structures considered for mitigation must have had one or more claim payments for flood damages. All Repetitive Flood Claims Program grants are eligible for up to 100 percent Federal assistance. • Severe Repetitive Loss Program.The SRL Program provides funding to reduce or eliminate the long-term risk of flood damage to residential structures insured under the NFIP. Structures considered for mitigation must have had at least four NFIP claim payments over $5,000 each,when at least two such claims have occurred within any 10-year period,and the cumulative amount of such claim payments exceeds$20,000; or for which at least two separate claims payments have been made, with the cumulative amount of the building portion of such claims exceeding the value of the property,when two such claims have occurred within any 10-year period. The cost-sharing ratio for this grant is 75 percent Federal and 25 percent non-Federal. Information about SRL properties in Ventura County is provided in Section 5.6. 1.5 LOCAL PARTICIPANTS The participating jurisdictions and special districts, referred to in this plan as local participants, are listed below. • Ventura County • City of Camarillo • City of Moorpark • City of Ojai • City of Oxnard • City of Port Hueneme • City of Santa Paula • City of Thousand Oaks • City of Ventura • Calleguas Municipal Water District OMITIGATION PWNNING.ALL CIlENT51GALIFORNVI HMPR\VENTURA COUNTY OES HMP 1010 UPDATE\UPOATEO VERSION TO DELIVER TO CLIENT 10.15\DRAFT VENT......NTV HMP_MAIN ROOM 100]10.DOC 1-2 36 SEMONONE Introduction • Casitas Municipal Water District • Channel Islands Beach Community Services District • Conejo Recreation and Park District • Ojai Valley Sanitary District • United Water Conservation District • Ventura County Fire Protection District • Ventura County Office of Education, on behalf of the following school districts: Briggs Elementary School District, California State University, Channel Islands, Conejo Valley Unified School District, Fillmore Unified School District, Hueneme School District,Mesa Union School District, Moorpark Unified School District, Moorpark Unified School District, Mupu Elementary School District, Oak Park Unified School District,Ocean View School District, Ojai Unified School District, Oxnard Elementary School District,Pleasant Valley School District, Rio School District, Santa Clara Elementary School District, Santa Paula Union High School, Simi Valley Unified School District, Somis Union School District, Ventura County Community College District and Ventura Unified School District. • Ventura County Watershed Protection District The following cities and special districts participated in the 2005 HMP, but did not participate in this 2010 HMP: • City of Fillmore • Camrosa Water District 1.6 COMMUNITY DESCRIPTION 1.6.1 County of Ventura Ventura County,one of 58 counties in the state, is located on southern California's Pacific coast, just northwest of Los Angeles. Ventura County is bordered by Kern County to the north; Santa Barbara County and the Pacific Ocean to the northwest and southwest, respectively; and Los Angeles County to the east and southeast. Ventura County stretches across 2,208 square miles, of which 1,845 square miles is land and 363 square miles is water. Anacapa Island of the Channel Islands National Park and San Nicholas Island are located within Ventura County. The county seat is the City of Ventura. Ventura County consists of 10 cities and a number of unincorporated communities. The majority of the county's population resides within the cities. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, and using the Population Estimates Program which produces July 1 estimates for years after the last published decennial census (2000)the Ventura County has a population of 802,983, representing a 6.6 percent increase from 2000. The county has 274,062 housing units. The racial makeup of the county is 87.1 percent White, 2.2 percent Black, 1.3 percent Native American, 6.7 percent Asian, 0.3 percent Pacific Islander and 2.4 percent from two or more races. Over 38 percent of the population is Hispanic or Latino. OMITIGATION PUNNING-ALLCLIENTSICLIF.....MPS\VENTUM COUNTY OESHMP2010UPoATE\UPDRTED VERSION TO DELIVER TO CLIENT l0.15�DRgFT VENTURA COUNTYHMP MAIN BODY 100)tO.DOC 1-4 37 SEMINONE Introduction In the county,the age breakdown of the population is as follows: 26.1 percent under 18 (7.5 percent of whom are under 5), 62.1 percent from 18 to 64, and 11.8 percent 65 years of age or older. 1.6.1.1 Economy Ventura County has a wide and strong economic base with most industries represented. The county's economy was dominated by agriculture in the early part of its history,and later by oil production. However, in recent years, Ventura's economy has seen increasing job growth in technology-related fields such as biotechnology, computer software,and multimedia. Services,retail trade, government, and manufacturing account for approximately 70 percent of employment in Ventura. Some cities have also become closely aligned with particular industries. For example, Oxnard is known for its manufacturers and farm production. Health care has a major presence in the Thousand Oaks area. Camarillo is at the heart of what has been dubbed the Highway 101 Tech Corridor, attracting companies that produce everything from silicon chips and consumer electronics components to solar power systems. Simi Valley and Moorpark also have a growing high-tech presence. Agriculture remains important along the coastal Oxnard Plain and interior Santa Clara River Valley communities of Santa Paula,Fillmore,and Piru. The county's agricultural output exceeds $1 billion annually, with the county boasting the state's highest crop revenue-per-acre for the multiple years. With several hotels and attractions at or near the beaches and harbors in Ventura and Oxnard, tourism is important to west Ventura County's economy. Both cities are popular weekend destinations for visitors from the Central Valley and Los Angeles areas. Companies in the region also take advantage of the nearby Port Hueneme,the smallest and only deep-water port between San Francisco and Los Angeles. The port and surrounding city are important locations for receiving automobiles and bananas from overseas and shipping local citrus to Asian markets. In addition,the U.S.Navy and other military units have large facilities at the port and nearby Point Mugu. 1.6.1.2 Employment Ventura County's diversified economic base is reflected in its employment patterns. Of the 411,554 people making up Ventura County's labor force as of 2008, approximately 11.3 percent were employed in manufacturing; 17.3 percent in educational services,and health care and social assistance;and 9.1 percent finance and insurance. The largest employer in the county, however, is the naval base,which provides over 19,000 jobs. According to the U.S. Census Bureau,the median household income was $76,190 in 2008. The per capita income for the county is $24,600, but has not been adjusted since 1999. Approximately 8.7 percent of the population is below the poverty line. 1.6.1.3 Physical Features Ventura County is located along California's Gold Coast(between Santa Barbara and Los Angeles), including 43 miles of coastline. The highest point in the county, Mount Pinos, is 8,831 feet above sea level. The county has six microclimates with varying weather patterns, but the DMITIGRTIONPUNNING-ALL LIJENTS\DNLIFORNIN NMPSNENT........D 1-5 38 SELMONONE Introduction climate is generally Mediterranean with an average annual temperature of 74.2 degrees Fahrenheit. 1.6.1.4 Infrastructure Transportation Ventura County has a well-developed multimodal transportation system, although most travel is concentrated along key highways and arterial streets. Several highways bisect the county, including 1, 23, 33, 10I, 118, 126,and 150. There are a variety of local bus systems that serve Ventura County, Gold Coast Transit and the Ventura Intercity Service Transit Authority being the most comprehensive systems. Ventura County also offers a dial-a-ride service, available to seniors and disabled persons. Ventura offers both the level topography and mild climate to support an extensive bikeway system. However,the system is only beginning to connect throughout the various communities within the county. Existing pedestrian facilities consist of sidewalks, off-street paths shared with bicyclists and other users, neighborhood and park path systems,pedestrian plazas, and river-to- river shoreline bike and pedestrian pathways. Metrolink provides commuter train service that connects Ventura County with Los Angeles and other areas in Southern California. At present,there are three Metrolink runs Monday to Friday to accommodate the Ventura to Los Angeles commute. Two Amtrak routes stop in Ventura County: the Pacific Surfliner,which connects San Luis Obispo to San Diego, and the Coast Starlight, which connects Seattle to Los Angeles. Union Pacific trains run through the county daily,providing freight service out of Los Angeles. Utilities Southern California Gas Company provides gas service to the 10 cities and the surrounding unincorporated areas of Ventura County._ Southern California Edison(listed under Edison International)provides electricity service. Telephone and cable services are provided by Verizon and SBC Pacific Bell to incorporated and unincorporated areas throughout the county. Special districts, cities, and private water companies provide water service in the county. 1.6.2 Participating Cities Ventura County has 10 cities, eight of which participated in the preparation of this Plan. Using the most up-to-date information provided by the U.S. Census Bureau,these cities and key aspects of their socioeconomic and demographic qualities are described below. 1.6.2.1 City of Camarillo Camarillo had an estimated population of 62,489 in 2006, with 21,946 housing units in the City. The City has a total area of 19 square miles. The median income for a household in the City is $62,457 and the per capita income for the City is $28,635.Approximately 5.3 percent of the population is below the poverty line (1999 data, U.S. Census Bureau). CMITIGRTION PLANNING-AIL CLIENTS\CALITORNIR HMPS\VENTURA COUNTY-H MP 2010 UVDATEIUPDATEC VERSION TO CELNER TO CLIENT 1.151DR VENTURACOUNTV HMP_MNN BODV_100]10 WC I-6 39 SEUMNONE Introduction 1.6.2.2 City of Moorpark Moorpark had an estimated population of 34,421, with 10,738 housing units. The City has a total area of 12.4 square miles. The median income for a household in the City is $103,009, and the per capita income for the City is $36,375. About 3.9 percent of the population is below the poverty line(2010 data, U.S. Census Bureau). 1.6.2.3 City of Ojai The City of Ojai had a total population of 7,862, making it one of the smallest cities in the county. The City of Ojai is situated in the Ojai Valley,which is approximately 10 miles long and 3 miles wide and is surrounded by hills and mountains. The City has a total area of 4.4 mil. The City is approximately 15 miles inland. The median income for a household in the City is $44,593, and the per capita income for the City is $25,670. Approximately 10.7 percent of the population is below the poverty line(U.S. Census Bureau 2000). 1.6.2.4 City of Oxnard As of 2006, Oxnard had an estimated population of 184,463,with 45,166 housing units. The City has a total area of 36.6 mil, 25.3 miz of which is land and 11.3 mil of which is water. The median income for a household in the City is $48,603 and the per capita income for the City is $15,288. An estimated 15.1 percent of the population lives below the poverty line. 1.6.2.5 City of Port Hueneme Port Hueneme is a charter City located in Ventura County. As of the 2008,the City had a total population of 23,687. Port Hueneme has a total area of 4.7 miz, 4.4 mil of which is land and 0.2 miz of which is water. There are 8,074 households in the City as of 2008. The average household size is 2.86 people, and the average family size is 3.42 people. The median income for a household in the City is$52,183, and the per capita income for the City is $22,262. An estimated 12.6 percent of the population is below the poverty line. 1.6.2.6 City of Santa Paula Santa Paula had an estimated total population of 28,531 in 2006, with 8,341 housing units. The City has a total area of 4.6 miz. The median income for a household in the City is$41,651, and the per capita income for the City is$15,736. An estimated 14.7 percent of the population is below the poverty line. 1.6.2.7 City of Thousand Oaks Thousand Oaks had an estimated total population of 124,207 in 2006, with 42,958 housing units. The City has a total area of 54.0 miz. The median income for a household in the City is $76,815, and the per capita income for the City is $35,314. An estimated 5.0 percent of the population is below the poverty line. O 1-7 40 SECTI®NONE Introduction 1.6.28 City of Ventura San Buenaventura(Ventura) is the county seat of Ventura County. In 2006 the estimated population was 104,092,with 39,803 housing units. The City has a total area of 32.7 mil,21.1 mil of which is land and 11.6 mil of which is water. The median income for a household in the City is $52,298 and the per capita income for the City is $25,065. An estimated 9.0 percent of the population is below the poverty line. 1.6.3 Participating Special Districts As noted previously, half of the participating communities are special districts. Information about each district is described as follows. 1.6.3.1 Calleguas Municipal Water District The Calleguas Municipal Water District was formed in 1953. In 1960,the District joined the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California as a way of securing water from the state water system. In 1965,the District completed Lake Bard. The 2005 state-of-the-art treatment plant for Lake Bard treats 65 million gallons of water a day. Communities served include the cities of Oxnard, Port Hueneme, Camarillo, Thousand Oaks, Moorpark, Simi Valley, and the unincorporated areas of Oak Park, Santa Rosa Valley, Bell Canyon, Lake Sherwood, Somis, Camarillo Estates, Camarillo Heights and Naval Base Ventura County. The district serves an area of approximately 365 square miles and approximately 75 percent of Ventura County's population. 1.6.3.2 Casitas Municipal Water District The Casitas Municipal Water District was formed in 1952. In 1956, the Ventura River Project was authorized by Congress,which included the Robles Diversion facility on the Ventura River, the Robles Canal, and the Casitas Dam. Currently,the district supplies water to 60,000 to 70,000 people in western Ventura County and to hundreds of farms. The district boundaries encompass the City of Ojai, Upper Ojai, the Ventura River Valley area,the City of Ventura to Mills Road and the Rincon and beach area to the ocean and Santa Barbara County line. The district is governed by a five member board of directors. 1.6.3.3 Ojai Valley Sanitary District The Ojai Valley Sanitary District was established in 1985 as the result of a consolidation of the Ventura Avenue, Oak View, and Meiners Oaks sanitary districts and the Sanitation Department of the City of Ojai. The district provides sanitary sewer service for about 20,000 residents of the City of Ojai and the unincorporated Ojai Valley. It collects and transports wastewater for treatment at the Ojai Valley Treatment Plant and disposes of effluent and sludge. The district is a public agency organized under the Sanitary District Act of 1923 and is governed by an elected seven-member board. The district's collection system consists of approximately 120 miles of trunk and main sewer lines. Q OMITIGPTION PUNNING-RLL CLIENTSICAI.IFORNIA HMPS\VENTURA COUNTY OES NMP 2010 UPDhTE1UPDRTED VERSION TO DELVER TO CLIENT 10.1SDMFT VENNRA COUNTY HMP_MAIN 00DV_100110.00C 1-8 41 SECTIONONE lMducfion 1.6.3.4 United Water Conservation District Local landowners formed the Santa Clara River Water Conservation District in 1927.As cities and agricultural areas grew, water usage increased rapidly. By 1950,the district was reorganized and renamed the United Water Conservation District. The district constructed the Santa Felicia Dam,three spreading grounds,and distribution facilities, all of which were urgently needed to combat seawater intrusion. The United Water Conservation District is governed by seven directors, one elected from each of the seven district divisions. The district administers a"basin management"program for the Santa Clara Valley and Oxnard Plain that uses the surface flow of the Santa Clara River and its tributaries for replenishment of groundwater. Facilities include Santa Felicia Dam; Lake Piru Recreation Area;the Piru, Saticoy, and El Rio spreading grounds; the Pleasant Valley Pipeline and Reservoirs; the Oxnard-Hueneme Pipeline, Pumping Plant, and Pumping Trough Pipeline; and other facilities. 1.6.3.5 Ventura County Fire Protection District In 1928,the Ventura County Fire Protection District was formed to provide fire protection to the county, with the exception of the four established cities. Since that time, six additional cities have become incorporated. Today,the Ventura County Fire Protection District acts as the Ventura County Fire Department in the unincorporated areas of the county and as the City fire department for six cities (Camarillo, Moorpark, Ojai, Port Hueneme, Thousand Oaks,and Simi Valley). 1.6.3.6 Ventura County Office of Education Ventura County is comprised of 20 K-12 school districts. The Ventura County Office of Education(VCOE)provides facility planning, construction, and maintenance to the school districts. VCOE also operates specialized schools in the county. For the 2010 HMP,the VCOE will represent all of 20 K-12 school districts within Ventura County as well as the Ventura County Community College District. 1.6.3.7 Ventura County Watershed Protection District The VCWPD is a dependent district governed by the county board of supervisors. Formerly known as the Ventura County Flood Control District, the VCWPD was renamed in 2002. The district is the responsible sponsoring local agency for Federal flood control projects throughout the county. The VCWPD also serves as the principal co-permittee and manages the implementation of the Ventura Countywide Stormwater Quality Management Program under the municipal National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System(NPDES)permit for urban stormwater runoff discharges in Ventura County. The entire county, except for the islands of Anacapa and San Nicholas, is within the district's sphere of influence and boundaries. �DMITIGATION PLANNING-ALL CLIENTS\CALIFORNIA HMPS\VEHTURACWNTV OES HMP 2010 UPWTE\UPDATED VERSION TO UELIVEN TO CLIENT t0.i3DAAFf ....... 900V_100]tO.DOC 1-9 42 SECHONONE lmduction 1.7 DESCRIPTION OF THE HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN The remainder of this HMP consists of the sections described below. 1.7.1 Section 2: Prerequisites Section 2 addresses the adoption of the 2010 HMP by the local participants.The adoption resolutions are provided in Appendix B. 1.7.2 Section 3: Planning Process Section 3 describes the planning process. Specifically,this section describes the plan development process and identifies members of the Planning Committee, including a description of the meetings held as part of the planning process(relevant documents are attached in Appendix D). This section also documents public outreach and stakeholder involvement activities(relevant documents are attached in Appendix E)and discusses the review and incorporation of relevant plans,reports, and other appropriate information. 1.7.3 Section 4: Hazard Analysis Section 4 describes the process through which the Planning Committee identified,screened, and selected the hazards to be profiled in the 2010 HMP. The hazard analysis includes the nature, history, location, extent, and probability of future events for each hazard. Location and historical hazard figures are provided in Appendix C. 1.7.4 Section 5: Vulnerability Analysis Section 5 identifies the methodology for analyzing potentially vulnerable assets—population, residential building stock, RL and SRL properties, and critical facilities and infrastructure. This information was compiled by assessing the potential impacts from each hazard using Geographic Information System(GIS)data. The resulting information identifies the full range of hazards that each plan participant could face and the potential social impacts, damages,and economic losses. The results of the analysis are provided in each local-participant-specific appendix(Appendix G through Appendix X). 1.7.5 Section 6: Capability Assessment Section 6 describes the capability assessment for hazard mitigation planning for each local participant based on the capability assessment recommendations of the California Emergency Management Agency (CalEMA). Local-participant-specific capability assessments are provided in each local-participant-specific appendix(Appendix G through Appendix X). In each of these appendices,the capability assessment evaluates the human and technical, financial,and legal and regulatory resources available for hazard mitigation for each participating jurisdiction. The results of the capability assessment in each appendix also list current, ongoing, and completed mitigation projects and programs for each plan participant. LITIGATION PLANNING-ALL CLIENTSICALIFONNIA NMPSIVENTU......VOES HMPZ OIO UPDATE\UGDATED VERSION TO DELNEA TO CLIENT 10.15\DMFT VENNRA COUNTV HMP_MAIN BODV_100]tO.COC 1-10 43 SECHONONE �ntroducdon 1.7.6 Section 7: Mitigation Strategy Section 7 provides a blueprint for reducing the potential losses identified in the vulnerability analysis. The Planning Committee,with support from URS Corporation(URS), reviewed mitigation projects identified in the 2005 HMP and revised the existing list to include only the most relevant and fundable mitigation projects. Through a re-evaluation and re-prioritization process described in this section, each plan participant selected high-priority projects to include in his/her updated mitigation action plan. 1.7.7 Section 8: Plan Maintenance Section 8 describes the formal plan maintenance process to ensure that the 2010 HMP remains an active and applicable document. The process includes monitoring, evaluating,and updating the plan(relevant documents are attached in Appendix F); monitoring mitigation projects and closeout procedures (relevant documents attached in Appendix F); implementing the plan through existing planning mechanisms; and achieving continued public involvement. 1.7.8 Section 9: References Section 9 lists the sources used to develop this document. LITIGATION PUNNING-ALICLIENTS\C�LIFORNINMMPS\VENNRA COUNTY OES HMP 2010UPDTEIUPOTEO VERSION TO DELNER TOCLIENT 10.151OMFT VENTUftA COUNTYHMP MAIN BOY_IOO110.00C 1-11 44 This page left intentionally blank 45 SEMONTWO Prereuuisites The requirements for the adoption of this 2010 PIMP by the participating local governing bodies, as stipulated in the DMA 2000 and its implementing regulations,are described below. DMA 2000 REQUIREMENTS:PREREQUISITES Adoption by the Local Governing Body Requirement§201.6(c)(5): (The local hazard mitigation plan shall include]documentation that the plan has been formally adopted by the governing body of the jurisdiction requesting approval of the plan(e.g.,City Council, County Commissioner,Tribal Council).For multi jurisdictional plans,each jurisdiction requesting approval of the plan must document that it has formally adopted the plan. Element ■ Does the new or updated plan indicate the specific jurisdictions represented in the plan? ■ For each jurisdiction,has the local governing body adopted the new or updated plan? ■ Is supporting documentation,such as a resolution,included for each participating jurisdiction? Source:FEMA 2008. Ventura County;the cities of Camarillo, Moorpark, Ojai, Oxnard,Port Hueneme, Santa Paula, Thousand Oaks, and Ventura;and the participating special districts of Calleguas Water District, Casitas Municipal Water District, Channel Islands Beach Community Services District, Conejo Recreation and Park District, Ojai Valley Sanitary District, United Water Conservation District, Ventura County Fire Protection District, Ventura County Office of Education,and Ventura County Watershed Protection District are the local participants represented in this HMP and meet the requirements of Section 409 of the Stafford Act and Section 322 of the DMA 2000. Each local participant's governing body has adopted this 2010 HMP by resolution. A scanned copy of each resolution is included in Appendix B,Adoption Resolutions. �OMITIGATION PUNNING-ALL CLIENTS\CALiFORNIq HMPSiVENTURA COUNTY OES HMP 201011PORTEUIVORTED VERSION TO DELIVER TO CLIENT 10.151DRAFT VENTIIRA COUNTY MMP_MAIN BOOY_100]t000G 2-1 46 This page left intentionally blank 47 SECTI®NTHREE Planning Process 3.1 PLANNING PROCESS DOCUMENTATION OVERVIEW This section summarizes the original planning efforts; details how the plan was updated and who was involved in this process; documents public outreach and stakeholder involvement efforts; and summarizes the review and incorporation of existing plans, studies,and reports used to update the HMP.Additional information regarding the meetings and public outreach efforts is discussed below and provided in more detail in Appendix D and Appendix E. The requirements for the planning process, as stipulated in DMA 2000 and its implementing regulations, are described below. DMA 2000 REQUIREMENTS: PLANNING PROCESS Documentation of the Planning Process Requirement§201.6(b):In order to develop a more comprehensive approach to reducing the effects of natural disasters,the planning process shall include: (1) An opportunity for the public to comment on the plan during the drafting stage and prior to plan approval; (2) An opportunity for neighboring communities,local and regional agencies involved in hazard mitigation activities,and agencies that have the authority to regulate development,as well as businesses,academia and other private and non-profit interests to be involved in the planning process;and (3) Review and incorporation,if appropriate,of existing plans,studies,reports,and technical information. Requirement§201.6(c)(1): [The plan shall document]the planning process used to develop the plan,including how it was prepared,who was involved in the process,and how the public was involved. Element • Does the new or updated plan provide a narrative description of the process followed to prepare the plan? • Does the new or updated plan indicate who was involved in the current planning process?(For example,who led the development at the staff level and were there any external contributors such as contractors?Who participated on the plan committee,provided information,reviewed drafts,etc.?) • Does the new or updated plan indicate how the public was involved?(Was the public provided an opportunity to comment on the plan during the drafting stage and prior to the plan approval?) • Does the new or updated plan indicate that an opportunity was given for neighboring communities,agencies, businesses,academia,nonprofits,and other interested parties to be involved in the planning process? • Does the updated plan document how the planning team reviewed and analyzed each section of the plan? • Does the planning process describe the review and incorporation,if appropriate,of existing plans,studies, reports,and technical information? • Does the updated plan indicate for each section whether or not it was revised as part of the update process? Source:FEMA 2008. 3.2 INITIAL PLANNING PROCESS, 2004-2005 As noted previously,the initial basis for this plan was 2005 HMP. This plan was prepared by Ventura County,the Local Hazard Mitigation Group, which consisted of members of the Inter- Agency Coordination Group, including fire chiefs/officials, emergency managers, safety coordinators,planners, and other officials and staff from 34 local participants including the Ventura county, cities,and special districts, and URS Corporation. The 2005 HMP development occurred from June 2004 to January 2005. The 2005 HMP was adopted by the Ventura County. Board of Supervisors on June 7, 2005. OMITIGATION PLANNING-ALL CLIENTSIOALIFORNIA NMPSVENTURA COUNTY OES HMP2010 UPDATE\UPDATED VERSION TO DELIVER TO CLIENT 10.15IDRAFf VENTURA COUNTY HMP_MAIN BOOY_100]IO.000 3-1 48 SEMINTHREE Planning Process 3.3 PLAN UPDATE PROCESS, 2010 In April 2010,during the fifth year of the 2005 HMP,the Ventura County OES kicked off the update process. The Ventura County OES determined that the standing Emergency Coordinators' Council (ECC) included almost all of the relevant stakeholders. The ECC consists of local emergency managers from the County, cities,and special districts as well as non-governmental agencies,military,private sector, and special districts that have been delegated the authority of local government emergency services directors or City Managers. For special districts not represented in the ECC, Ventura County OES extended an invitation to participate on the ECC for the purposes of updating the HMP. Table 3-1.Planning Committee Department or Agency Name Sheriffs Department OES Laura D.Hernandez Sheriffs Department OES Gil Zavlodaver VCWPD Norma Camacho VCWPD Sergio Vargas VCWPD Bruce Rindahl VCWPD Phil Raba VCWPD Brian Trushinski Channel Islands Beach Community Services District Jared Bouchard City of Camarillo Bruce Fen City of Camarillo John Fraser City of Moorpark John Brand City of Ojai Chris Dunn City of Oxnard Deborah Omalia City of Port Hueneme Maggie Federico City of Santa Paula Steve Lazenby City of Thousand Oaks Angela Wolf City of Ventura Brian Clark Briggs Elementary School District Deborah Cuevas Califomia State University,Channel Island John M Reid California State University,Channel Island Jeff Cow ill Calle uas Municipal Water District Bruce Fischer Camrosa Water District Tony Stafford Camrosa Water District MJ Mitchell Casitas Muni.Water District Neil Cole Cone'o Recreation&Park District Matt Kouba Cone'o Valley Unified School District John Baarstad Fillmore Unified School District Jeff Sweeney Hueneme School District Dr.Gerald Dannenber Mesa Union School District John Pu lisi Moorpark Unified School District Ellen Smith OMRIGATION PLANNING-ALL GLIENTSIGALIF.....M 2 PS\VENTUftA COUNTY OES HMP 3010 UPDATE\UPDATED VERSION TO DELNER TO CLIENT t0.I51DRAFT VENTURA COVNTV NMP_MAIN BODV_100110.DOC ✓-2 49 SERIONTHREE Planning Process Table 3-1. Planning Committee Department or Agency Name Mu u Elementary School District Jeanine Gore Oak Park Unified School District Tony Knight Ocean View School District Nancy Carroll Ojai Unified School District Henry Ban ser Ojai Valley Sanitaiy District John Correa Oxnard Elementary School District Mary Gonzalez Oxnard Elementary School District Norma Ma ana Oxnard Union High School District Bob Carter Oxnard Union High School District Vickory Steinman Rio School District Sherinne Cotterell Rio School District Kevin Mitchell Santa Clara Elementary School District Kari Skidmore Santa Paula Elementary School District Winston A Braham Santa Paula Union High School District Dr.David A Gomez Simi Valley Unified School District Dr. Scroggin Somis Union School District Mary H Mckee United Water Conservation District Jim Kentosh Ventura County Community College District Susan Johnson Ventura County Community College District Richard DeLao Ventura County Fire Protection Vaughan Miller Ventura County Fire Protection Dave Chovanec Ventura County Office of Education Stan Mantooth Ventura County Office of Education Poul Hanson Ventura County Office of Education Russ Olsen Ventura Co.Sheriff Dept/Ojai Chris Dunn Ventura Unified School District Dr Trudy Arria a VCWPD=Ventura County Watershed Protection District A consultant, URS Corporation, also attended and facilitated meetings with the Planning Committee, and coordinated numerous activities to create the 2010 HMP. On May 20, 2010 Ventura County OES held the first Planning Committee meeting to begin the plan update process. As shown in Appendix D,the consultant and Ventura County OES Points-of-Contact Laura Hernandez and Gil Zavlodaver familiarized the Planning Committee with the DMA 2000, the plan update process,the plan outline, and the plan schedule. The Planning Committee also assessed a matrix of hazards which illustrates which hazards were addressed in the following plans: 2005 HMP, 2005 General Plan, draft 2010 State of California Multi Hazard Mitigation Plan as well as state and Presidentially declared disasters within Ventura County. Using this information, the Planning Committee developed a preliminary list of hazards to be profiled in the new plan. During this meeting, the consultant asked that each member of the Planning Committee review a copy of the 2005 HMP(which was posted on the Website for the 2010 OMITIGATION PIANNINGALL CLIENTS\CALIFORNLINMPS\VENTURR GOUNiY OE5 MMP 2010 UPDATE\UPORTED VERSION TO OELIVEP TO CLIENT 10.15ii1RAFTVENNRACOUNTY HMP_MRIN BOOY_100110 DOC ✓-J 50 SECRINTHREE Manning Process PIMP)with staff from other relevant departments and agencies from his/her jurisdiction and email the consultant with any proposed changes to be made to the updated plan. During the second meeting, held on July 17, 2010 the consultant presented the Planning Committee with the draft hazard profiles and maps and summarized the initial update findings (Table 3-2). The consultant also discussed the next steps, creating an asset inventory and developing capability assessment, and explained the involvement needed by the stakeholders. As follow up to the meeting,the Planning Committee members were emailed an electronic template for the capability assessment and were provided a draft list of assets/critical facilities within his/her jurisdiction/special district. Each Planning Committee member was asked to complete the capability assessment on behalf of his/her jurisdiction/special district and review the asset/critical facility list for accuracy and completion. Table 3-2. Summary of Initial Update Findings 2005 HMP Actions to Take Prerequisites Adopt the 2010 HMP by each local participant's governing body Background Rename as"Community Description"section Update demo ra hic information Planning Process Create new Planning Committee Documentation Determine new hazards to be profiled and assets to be analyzed Develop a public outreach and stakeholder strategy Incorporate other existing relevant plans and reports into 2010 HMP Document entire plan update process Risk Assessment Rename as"Hazards Analysis"and"Vulnerability Analysis"sections. Update hazards and assets,per discussion at Planning Team meeting#1 and subsequent emails Update hazards profiled in the 2005 HMP.Utilize various hazard data sources to determine recent historical events,new hazard areas,and new subhazards Update the asset lists to include only local and public critical facilities and infrastructure Include RL properties in vulnerability analysis Conduct vulnerability analysis,using updated asset and hazard information, interpret analysis,and discuss new findings Meet with the Planning Team to discuss vulnerability analysis findings Remap hazard areas and asset locations in GIS Mitigation Strategy Rename as"Mitigation Strategy"section Develop a"Capability Assessment"section Review and document all local legal and regulatory,administrative and technical, and financial resources available for hazard mitigation Meet with the Planning Team to determine if the 2005 HMP goals are still relevant Revise the list of mitigation actions in the 2005 HMP to be more mitigation- focused(rather than focused on response,recovery,and preparedness) Develop a new mitigation action evaluation/prioritization process Determine the mitigation action plan for selected mitigation actions Plan Maintenance Rename as"Plan Maintenance"section Create a more realistic Planning Team monitoring and evaluation process Identify how elements from the HMP will be implemented into other planning mechanisms GIS=Geographic Information System LIMP=Hazard Mitigation Plan RL=repetitive loss OMITGRTION PUNNING-ALL CLIENTS\CALIFORNIq MMPS\VENTURRCOUNTY OEB HMP2O1OUPoATE\UPDNTED VERSION TO DELIVER TO CUENT 1O.151OMFT VENTURACOUNTV HMP MPIN BOGY 100]lO.DOC 3-4 51 SELMINTHREE Planning Process On August 19, 2010 a third Planning Committee meeting was held via conference call to discuss the development of the mitigation strategy and the completion of the Mitigation Strategy Workbook. Two days prior each committee member received a workbook,designed to accomplish the following: familiarize the participant with eligible and ineligible FEMA mitigation actions;provide a list of potential mitigation actions for the participant to review and add additional mitigation actions, if necessary; and to select and prioritize mitigation actions to be included in each local participant's mitigation action plan. Over a two week period, each Planning Committee member worked with staff from other relevant departments and agencies from his/her jurisdiction to develop or update their mitigation action plan. On September 24, 2010 the consultant prepared the Initial Draft 2010 IMP for the Planning Committee to review. Over a two week period,the Planning Committee provided comments to the consultant and the consultant addressed, as necessary. On October 15, 2010 the consultant prepared the Final Draft 2010 HMP for a two week public comment period. During this time, Ventura County OES sent the draft to CaIEMA and FEMA for a courtesy review. Copies of the agenda and meeting minutes for each of the three Planning Committee meetings are provided Appendix D. 3.4 PUBLIC OUTREACH AND STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT 3.4.1 Meetings During the planning process, Ventura County OES and the consultant attended two Ventura County Emergency Planning Council meeting to discuss the 2010 HMP. The Ventura County Emergency Planning Council is an advisory body whose mission is to lead a unified effort in improving disaster preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery countywide. These efforts are achieved through a partnership of cooperation and collaboration with all levels of government, non-government and the private sector. 2010 Emergency Planning Council members include representatives from Ventura County OES, VCFPD,American Red Cross of Ventura County, Ventura County Voluntary Organizations Active in Disasters, Ventura County Economic Development Agency, and the California Air National Guard,to name a few. The Ventura County Emergency Planning Council meetings are open to the public and the details for each meeting(including time, date, location,and agenda)are posted on the county Website. At the July 30,2010 meeting the consultant gave a presentation on the 2010 HMP and discussed progress to date, including hazard-specific maps, and answered any questions and comments about the update process. At the October 22, 2010 meeting the consultant gave a presentation on the Final Draft 201014MP and discussed the CalEMA and FEMA courtesy review and upcoming plan adoption process. Copies of the agenda and meeting minutes for the July 30, 2010 EPC meeting and a copy of the agenda for the October 22, 2010 are provided in Appendix E. 3.4.2 Media Announcements Ventura County OES issued a media release announcing the kick-off of the 2010 IMP update process. The media release also provided the 2010 HMP Website link and contact information should further information be desired. Ventura County OES also announced the 2010 HMP via DMITIGATION PUNNING-ALL CLIENTS\CPLIFORNIA HMPSIVENTURA COUNTY OEB HMP 2010 DPDTEIUPDRTED VERSgN TO DELNER TO CLIENT 10.151ORRFT VENTURA OOVNTV HMP_MAIN BODY_ 710.D 3-5 52 SECHONTHREE Planning Process Twitter on August 6, 2010 and an announcement was published in the Thousand Oaks Acorn on August 19,2010. Copies of the media release, Twitter announcement, and Thousand Oaks Acorn article are provided in Appendix E. 3.4.3 Website As noted above, Ventura County OES re-launched the County's HMP Website,which was first used during the development of the 2005 HMP. For the 2010 HMP,the Website provided information about disasters in Ventura County,the DMA 2000, HMP update requirements,and the planning process overview. In addition, Ventura County OES posted hazard maps as they were completed and provided copy of the Final Draft online for review and comment. The 2010 HMP Website is located at http://portal.countyofventura.org/portal/page/portal/cov/emergencies/mitigation/plan.A snapshot of the 2010 IMP Website is provided in Appendix E. 3.5 INCORPORATION OF EXISTING PLANS AND OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION During the plan update process, the consultant and Planning Committee reviewed hazard and mitigation information from other relevant existing plans, studies, and reports into the 2010 HMP. Based on feedback from the Planning Committee, the consultant incorporated relevant information into the 2010 HMP as warranted. The local and State plans integrated into this document are listed below. A complete list of the sources consulted is provided in Section 9. • Ventura County Community Wildfire Protection Plan(Ojai Valley Fire Safe Council 2010): The Community Wildfire Protection plan provided hazard information and mitigation strategies to be used in the 2010 HMP wildfire hazard profile and for wildfire mitigation strategies. • Ventura County General Plan(2005): The goals and policies in this document provided guidance for the mitigation strategies identified in the 2010 HMP. The hazards identified provided supplementary information for the hazard profiles. • Ventura County Building Codes: These codes regulate new construction and major remodels/additions;they were used to develop the capability assessment. • Draft State of California Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan(2010): This plan, prepared by CalEMA, was consulted to ensure that the hazard profiles and mitigation strategy in the 2010 HMP are consistent with state hazard profiles and the state's mitigation strategy. DMITIGNTION PUNNING-RLLC4ENTS1CAlIFORNIA NMPS\VENTURA COUNN OES NMP]O10 UPORTEWPOATEO VERSION TO OELNER TO OUENT 10.151DMFT..........Y NMP_MAIN BOOY_iW]10.DOC 3-6 53 SECTIBNFOUR N=rd Analysis 4.1 HAZARD ANALYSIS OVERVIEW A hazard analysis includes the identification and screening of each hazard and then the profiling of each hazard. The hazard analysis includes natural,human-caused, and technological hazards. Natural hazards result from unexpected or uncontrollable natural events of significant size and destructive power. Human-caused hazards result from human activity and include technological hazards. Technological hazards are generally accidental or result from events with unintended consequences(for example, an accidental hazardous materials release). Per the local mitigation planning requirements, this hazard analysis consists of the following two steps: • Hazard identification and screening • Hazard profiles 4.2 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND SCREENING The requirements for hazard identification, as stipulated in DMA 2000 and its implementing regulations, are described below. DMA 2000 Requirements: Risk Assessment—Identifying Hazards Requirement 44 CFR§201.6(c)(2)(i): [The risk assessment shall include a]description of the type of all natural hazards that can affect the jurisdiction. Element ■ Does the new or updated plan include a description of all of the types of all natural hazards that affect the jurisdiction? Source:FEMA 2008. As the first step in the hazard analysis,the ECC reviewed the list of hazards presented in Table 4-1 and the following questions: • Is the hazard included in the 2005 HMP? • Is the hazard included in the 2005 Ventura County General.Plan? • Is the hazard included in the Draft 2010 State of California Multi-HMP? • Has the hazard occurred in Ventura County and been declared a Presidential or State emergency or disaster in the past 40 years? The results of the screening are presented in Table 4-1. DMRIGATION PLANNING-ALL CLIENTS\CALIFORNIA HMPS\VENTURACOU..O ES-.10 UI-TEW PDATED VERSION TO DELIVER TO CLIENT I GA 51ORAFf VE NTU RA COUNTY H-AIN BODY 100)10.ODC 4-1 54 SECII®NFOUR NUM ARBINIS Table 4-1. Ventura County Hazard Screening Profiled in Declared Emergencies and 2005 Ventura Disasters in Ventura Profiled in County County,1970 to Present Hazard 2005 HMP General Plan State Presidential Agricultural biological X Avalanche Coastal erosion X X Civil unrest X Dam failure X X Drought X Earthquake X X X Expansive soils&subsidence X Flood(2) X X X X Fog Hailstorm Hazardous materials X Heat Hurricane Infectious disease Landslide/mudslide X X X Levee failure Liquefaction X Severe wind&tornado Severe winter storm X X Terrorism Volcano Tsunami/seiche X Wildfire/fire X X X X Sources:Cal EMA,2010.Ventura County,2005. OMITIOATION PLANNING-ALL CLIENTS\O�LIPOBNU HMPB\VENTURA COUNTY OEB MMP 2010 UPD/TEW PDNTED VERSION TO DELIVER TO CLIENT 1015DRAPT VENTURR COUNTY HMP_MRIN BODY 100]lO.DOL A�7 55 SEMINFOUR Hazard PA81NIS After discussing each hazard listed in Table 4-1,the ECC determined that the following hazard groups pose the greatest threat to the County and should therefore be profiled or reprofiled in the 2010 HMP. The ECC's decisions were based on the likelihood of the hazard's occurrence and the feasibility of mitigation. • Agricultural biological • Earthquake • Flooding - Riverine and coastal - Dam failure - Levee failure • Geological - Liquefaction - Landslide • Post-fire debris flow • Severe winter storm • Tsunami • Wildfire All hazards included in the 2005 HMP are included in this HMV update. Hazards new to the 2010 HMP are: agricultural biological, severe winter storm,and tsunami.Agricultural biological hazards are included due to recent threats to agricultural areas. Severe winter storm was previously not included because it was considered to include heavy snowfall, which only affects the mountainous, mostly uninhabited areas of the County. However,this hazard also includes freezing, severe winds, and hail, all of which may affect agricultural or populated areas of the County. Tsunami was previously not included because the areas affected were assumed to be the same areas affected by coastal flooding, which was included in the 2005 HMP. However,the ECC has determined that areas that could be affected by tsunami are different than areas that could be affected by coastal flooding,particularly if a large tsunami event were to occur. One hazard that is profiled in the County's General Plan that has also received a Presidential Disaster Declaration is coastal erosion. Coastal erosion is addressed in the flooding profile in Section 4.3.3. 4.3 HAZARD PROFILES The requirements for hazard profiles, as stipulated in DMA 2000 and its implementing regulations, are provided below. OMRIGATION PUNNING-ALL OLIENTS\CALIFORNW HMPS\VENTURq COUNTV OES H.I2010 UPORTEIUPORTED VERSION TO DELIVER TO CLIENT 10.1510RRF .TURROW.I.W...800V_100]t0.00C 4-3 56 SECT ONFOUR 8azard Analysis DMA 2000 Requirements:Risk Assessment-Profiling Hazards Requirement 44 CFR§201.6(c)(2)(i): [The risk assessment shall include a]description of the location and extent of all natural hazards that can affect the jurisdiction.The plan shall include information on previous occurrences of hazard events and on the probability of future hazard events. Element • Does the risk assessment identify the location(i.e.,geographic area affected)of each natural hazard addressed in the new or updated plan? ■ Does the risk assessment identify the extent(i.e.,magnitude or severity)of each hazard addressed in the new or updated plan? Does the plan provide information on previous occurrences of each hazard addressed in the new or updated plan? ■ Does the plan include the probability of future events(i.e.,chance of occurrence)for each hazard addressed in the new or updated plan? Source:FEMA 2008. The hazards selected by the Planning Committee were profiled based on existing available information. The hazard profiling consisted of describing the nature of the hazard, disaster history, location of hazard, and extent and probability of future events. The sources of information are listed in Section 9 of this document. The hazards profiled for Ventura County are presented below in alphabetical order. The order does not signify level of risk. 4.3.1 Agricultural Biological Hazards 4.3.1.1 Nature of Hazard Agricultural infestation generally involves the artificial introduction of an insect, disease, vertebrate, or weed pest. These pests are particularly destructive to the local agricultural crops because they have no natural enemies to keep them under control. The type and severity of an agricultural infestation will vary based on many factors, including weather, crop diversity, and proximity to urban areas. The onset for an agricultural infestation can be rapid. Controlling its spread is critical to limiting the impacts of the infestation. Methods for detecting, limiting and eradicating exotic pests include: delimitation trapping, quarantining the area and preventing the shipment of products from the designated area, aerial and ground application of pesticides, and in extreme cases, premature harvest and/or crop destruction. Duration is largely affected by the degree to which the infestation is aggressively controlled,but is commonly more than one week. The warning time needed to control infestation is typically more than 24 hours. Maximizing warning time is also critical for reducing damage from this hazard. The County's agriculture industry provides a very significant base to the County's economy. The agricultural output of Ventura County exceeds $1.5 billion annually and encompasses over 100,000 acres of irrigated cropland. Ventura County is one of the top 10 agricultural counties in California. The impact of infestation of a particular pest or disease would include economic losses due to crop losses from pest damage, limitations on the ability to export products from the OMITIGATION PUNNING-ALL CLIENTS\CALIFORNIA HMPSIVENTURACOU.......P3010 L.T.UJI.. ED VERSION TO DELVER TO CLIENT 10151ORAFT VENTURA COUNTY H-AIN BODY_1 710.00c 4-4 57 SEMINFOUR Nezerd A 8101s area,and increased costs for pest control. The diversity and location of crops produced in the County is shown in Figure C-l.Many of the agricultural areas shown may be affected by the insect pests and agriculture biological diseases described in this section. Many pests not only damage the agricultural economy but also affect residential areas and open space. Damage to landscape plants and vegetable gardens can be significant. Pests such as the Gypsy Moth damage primarily hardwood trees in open space areas such as Oak Woodlands. The most likely biological hazards to agriculture in Ventura County are: • Huanglongbing(HLB)disease. This is a devastating bacterial disease affecting citrus trees carried by the Asian citrus psyllid, an invasive,aphid-like insect pest that spreads the bacteria from tree to tree. The disease ruins the taste and appearance of citrus fruit and eventually kills the infected trees. There is no treatment or cure, and all commercially valuable varieties of citrus fruit are vulnerable. • Laurel wilt disease.An insect-borne fungal disorder, laurel wilt disease is spreading through the United States and is potentially a hazard to the County's avocado crop. laurel wilt disease is carried by the redbay ambrosia beetle which affects trees in the Laurel family. The disease is transmitted in the United States by humans and can be spread in wooden packing materials,potted plants, firewood, logs, and wood chips. When a beetle carrying the fungus bores into a tree,the fungus spreads and begins digesting the wood. Within 6 months of being infected,the tree dies. • Mediterranean fruit fly.The damage caused by larval feeding makes fruit unfit for human consumption. An established population can have a severe economic impact from restrictions or prohibitions on the export of fresh fruit, both domestically and internationally. Many of the crops in the County can be affected by this pest. The Mediterranean fruit fly has infested more than 300 cultivated and wild fruits. • Gypsy moth. The larva of this moth are destructive to forest and landscape trees. The gypsy moth has defoliated millions of acres of forest and urban trees in the eastern United States. Repeated defoliation renders trees more susceptible to other pests and diseases,possibly leading to tree death and an increased potential for fire and erosion. Gypsy moth infestations generally affect the recreational use of forests,parks, and backyards. However, when populations are high,gypsy moth caterpillars are also a threat to forests and agricultural crops such as fruit trees. Gypsy moths can feed on more than 500 plants. • Charcoal rot. It has recently been confirmed that the soil-borne disease of charcoal rot has been affecting strawberry plants in coastal and inland counties of California. Charcoal rot causes wilting of foliage,plant stunting, and drying and death of older leaves, though the central youngest leaves often remain green and alive. The disease can survive for extended periods in the soil and is probably spread within and between fields mostly by the movement of soil during soil tillage and preparation operations. Once infected,the affected plants begin to collapse within days and will eventually die. 4.3.1.2 Disaster History In 1994,the Mediterranean fruit fly affected 11 counties in California, including Ventura County. The loss in Ventura County was about$22 million.In 2007, four gypsy moths were �DMITIGhT10N PUNNING-ALL GIIENTSGAIIF......S.1....... 4-5 58 SEMONFOUR Hazard AnMSIS trapped in Ojai;then in October 2008,a 5-square-mile quarantine area was established in the City of Ojai,centered around two egg mass sites located on South Rice Road. Since 2008, no gypsy moths have been detected. Likewise, in 2007-2009,the Charcoal Rot disease suddenly affected strawberry plants in several fields throughout Ventura County in 2007 and 2008, but the loss of crops was limited. The fungus was limited when growers routinely fumigated fields, but because of restrictions on some fumigation chemicals,many growers have turned to less-potent chemical alternatives. Fields afflicted by charcoal rot have typically been fumigated for several successive seasons with these less-potent chemicals; the effectiveness of the chemicals is still being determined. Research is underway in Ventura County on epidemiology and fungicide treatment. As of 2010,the HLB disease has not occurred in Ventura County. However, the Asian citrus psyllid pest,which carries HLB disease,was identified in San Diego County in 2008, and by 2009 it was also found in Imperial,Orange, and Los Angeles counties. Control and quarantine activities are currently underway in counties where the insect has been found. 4.3.1.3 Location Ventura County's agricultural areas are most susceptible to insect pests and agriculture biological diseases, such as those described above. The County's farm landscape is illustrated on Figure C-1. In addition to agricultural areas,the entire county is susceptible to the Gypsy Moth. In 2008, a quarantine area for the gypsy moth was centered around a six-mile square area in Ojai. In the spring of 2009, hundreds of gypsy moth traps were placed in the same area; no adult gypsy moths were detected in 2009. Visual inspection in the quarantined area began in the fall of 2009. If no gypsy moths are detected,the quarantine will end in September 2010. 4.3.1.4 Extent and Probability of Future Events Future agricultural infestations in Ventura County are likely based on past occurrences. Based on previous history, infestations causing widespread damage have occurred about once every 10 to 20 years. Another factor increasing the likelihood of future infestations is the mild climate in Ventura County, which increases the ability of pests to proliferate. However,the extent and probability of a devastating event are unknown. Other factors that influence agricultural infestations are described below. High population mobility within the country and the increasing number of immigrants who come and go between the United States and their home countries make the introduction of exotic insect pests of all types more likely. Decreased funding at the Federal and State levels for inspection of incoming commodities at high risk centers such as the USPS, UPS, and FedEx increase the ability of non-native insects and plant diseases to enter the area undetected. The agricultural industry is currently preparing for the likely spread of the Asian Citrus Psyllid into the area sometime this year. The disease carried by the insect has not yet been detected in the state, however once the insect is present many experts feel that it is only a matter of time before the disease is also detected. Methyl Bromide has been the fumigant of choice for controlling soil-borne insect and disease pests in many of the county's highest value crops, including bell peppers,tomatoes, berries (including strawberries, raspberries, and blueberries), and cut flowers. With the phase out of Methyl Bromide, control of diseases such as charcoal rot will depend on the availability of A DMITIGATION PUNNING-ALL CLIENTBICALIFORNIA HMPS\VENTUflA COUNTY OES HMP 2010 UPDATE\UPDATED VERSION TO DELIVER TO CLIENT 10.15\DRAFT VENTUBA COUNTY HMP MAIN BODY 100]10.DOO 4-V 59 SEMONFOUR Nazard Analysis alternative methods, including fumigants such as choropicrin, 1,3 D, metam/potassium sodium and methyl iodide. The extent and probability of a devastating event would depend on a number of factors, including the specific pest introduced, climactic conditions at the time of introduction, fluctuations in funding for pest detection and eradication,public pressure regarding aerial and ground applications of pesticides proximate to urban areas, and many other factors. 4.3.2 Earthquake 4.3.2,1 Nature of Hazard An earthquake is a sudden motion or trembling caused by a release of strain accumulated within or along the edge of the earth's tectonic plates. The effects of an earthquake can be felt far beyond the site of its occurrence. Earthquakes usually occur without warning and can cause massive damage and extensive casualties in a few seconds. Common effects of earthquakes are ground motion and shaking, surface fault ruptures, and ground failure. Ground motion is the vibration or shaking of the ground during an earthquake. When a fault ruptures, seismic waves radiate,causing the ground to vibrate. The severity of the vibration increases with the amount of energy released and decreases with distance from the causative fault or epicenter. Soft soils can amplify ground motions. The Richter scale is often used to rate the strength of an earthquake and is an indirect measure of seismic energy released. The scale is logarithmic,with each 1-point increase corresponding to a 10-fold increase in the amplitude of the seismic shock waves generated by the earthquake. However, in actual energy released, each 1-point increase on the Richter scale corresponds to about a 32-fold increase in energy released. Therefore, a magnitude (M) 7 earthquake is 100 times (10X 10)more powerful than an M5 earthquake and releases 1,024 times (32X32)the energy. The Modified Mercalli Intensity(MMI) scale is another way of rating earthquakes. This method attempts to quantify the intensity of ground shaking. Intensity in this scale is a function of distance from the epicenter(the closer a site is to the epicenter,the greater the intensity at that site), ground acceleration, duration of ground shaking, and degree of structural damage.The MMI rates the level of severity of an earthquake by the amount of damage and the perceived shaking,as shown in Table 4-2. OMITIGTIOH PUNNING-ALL CUENTS1CAlIFORNIh MMP$\VENT......N 4-7 60 WHINFOUR Nazard MaNsis Table 4-2. Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale Description of Summary MMI Shaking Damage Value Severity Description Full Description I Micro Little to none Not felt. II Minor Little to none Felt by ersons at rest,on upper floors,or favorably laced. III Minor Hanging objects Felt indoors.Hanging objects swing.Vibration like passing of light move trucks.Duration estimated.May not be recognized as an earthquake. IV Light Hanging objects Hanging objects swing.Vibration like passing of heavy trucks or move sensation of a jolt like a heavy ball striking the walls.Standing motorcars rock.Windows,dishes,doors rattle. In the upper range of IV,wooden walls and frames creak. V Light Pictures move Felt outdoors;direction estimated.Sleepers wakened.Liquids disturbed,some spilled.Small unstable objects displaced or upset. Doors swing,close,open. Shutters,pictures move.Pendulum clocks stop,start,change rate. VI Moderate Objects fall Felt by all.Many frightened and run outdoors.Persons walk unsteadily.Windows,dishes,glassware broken.Knickknacks, books,etc.,fall off shelves.Pictures off walls.Furniture moved or overturned.Weak plaster and masonry D cracked. VII Strong Nonstructural Difficult to stand.Noticed by drivers of motorcars.Hanging damage objects quiver.Furniture broken.Damage to masonry D,including cracks.Weak chimneys broken at roofline.Fall of plaster,loose bricks,stones,tiles,cornices.Some cracks in masonry C.Small slides and caving in along sand or gravel banks.Concrete irrigation ditches damaged. VIII Very Strong Moderate Steering of motorcars affected.Damage to masonry C,partial damage collapse.Some damage to masonry B,none to masonry A.Fall of stucco and some masonry walls.Twisting,fall of chimneys,factory stacks,monuments,towers,and elevated tanks.Frame houses moved on foundations if not bolted down;loose panel walls thrown out.Cracks in wet ground and on steep slopes. X Very Violent Extreme Most masonry and frame structures destroyed with their damage foundations.Some well-built wooden structures and bridges destroyed.Serious damage to dams,dikes,embankments.Large landslides.Water thrown on banks of canals,rivers,lakes,etc. Sand and mud shifted horizontally on beaches and flat land. XI Very Violent Extreme Rails bent greatly.Underground pipelines completely out of damage tan rvice. XII Very Violent Total damage mage nearly total.Large rock masses displaced.Lines of sight level distorted.Objects thrown into air. Masonry A:Good workmanship,mortar,and design;reinforced,especially laterally,and bound together by using steel, concrete,etc.;designed to resist lateral forces. Masonry B:Good workmanship and mortar;reinforced,but not designed in detail to resist lateral forces. Masonry C:Ordinary workmanship and mortar•,no extreme weaknesses like failing to tie in at comers,but neither reinforced nor designed against horizontal forces. Masonry D:Weak materials,such as adobe;poor mortar•,low standards of workmanship;weak horizontally. Sources:Association of Bay Area Governments 2003;USGS 2009. DMITIGATION PLANNING-ALL CUENTS\CPLIPoFNIP HMP5IVENT.......... HMP2010 UPONTEIUPDMTEO VERSION TO DELIVER TO CLIENT 10.151DMFT VENTURA COUNTY HMP_MAIN BODY 100710.000 4-8 61 SMONFOUR Hmr MebsiS 4.3.22 Disaster History While no large(M 5.0>)earthquakes have occurred recently within the County's boundaries, a number of relatively large earthquakes outside the County have caused damage within the County. These earthquakes occurred in 1925 (Santa Barbara), 1927(Point Arguello), 1933 (Long Beach), 1941 (Santa Barbara), 1952 (Tehachapi), 1971 (San Fernando), and 1994 (Northridge). Additionally,damaging earthquakes within the County occurred in 1950 (north of Ojai), 1957 (Hueneme), 1963 (Camarillo), and 1973 (Point Mugu). The three most recent events(San Fernando,Point Mugu,and Northridge)are discussed below. • San Fernando,M 6.5,February 9, 1971: This event was caused by oblique-slip reverse faulting in the San Fernando fault zone. The earthquake caused the destruction of freeway interchanges, houses,and buildings and severe damage to three hospitals in the San Fernando Valley. The earthquake claimed 65 lives. Although the epicenter was within 25 miles of Ventura County,damage sustained within the County was minor. • Point Mugu,M 5.3,February 21, 1973: The Point Mugu earthquake was responsible for at least five injuries and more than $1 million damage in the Point Mugu—Oxnard area,though damage was confined mainly to the vicinity of the epicenter. Large boulders fell down onto State Route 1 at Point Mugu,partially blocking the road. More than 7,000 customers lost electricity for several hours. Most reported damage was to windows, ceilings,plaster, chimneys, and shelved goods, though structural damage and broken pipes were also reported. Although much less powerful than the San Fernando earthquake of 1971,the Point Mugu earthquake was similar in focal mechanism. • Northridge,M 6.7,January 17, 1994: This blind thrust earthquake occurred along the Northridge thrust fault. It was the strongest earthquake instrumentally recorded in an urban setting in North America and caused parking structures,apartments, office buildings, and sections of freeways to collapse. Approximately 25,000 dwellings were rendered uninhabitable. Total damage exceeded $44 billion. The incident resulted in 51 deaths. 4.3.2.3 Location As in most of southern and coastal California,the potential for earthquake damage exists throughout Ventura County because of the number of active faults within and near the County. These faults are shown on the California Geological Survey (CGS)Fault Activity Map of California. Descriptions of the active faults are provided below. The location of the active and potentially active faults is shown on Figure C-2. Some of the more significant faults are described below: • San Andreas fault: San Andreas is the longest and most significant fault in California. Because of clearly established historical earthquake activity,this fault has been designated as active by the State of California. The last major earthquake on this fault near Ventura County was the Fort Tejon earthquake of 1857, estimated at M 8.0, and would have caused considerable damage if there had been structures in the southern part of the County. There is a 59%chance that an M 6.7 quake or larger will occur on this fault within the next 30 years. • Malibu Coast fault system: The Malibu Coast fault system includes the Malibu Coast, Santa Monica, and Hollywood faults. The system begins in the Hollywood area, extends along the southern base of the Santa Monica Mountains,and passes offshore a few miles �OMITIGATION PUNNING-ALL OIIENTSIOALIFORNW HMPS\VENTURACOUNiV OES HMP3010UPDATE\UPDATED VERSION TO DELNER TOCLIENT 1015IDMFT V......COUNTY.. MAIN BODY 100)1O.DOO 4-9 62 SECTI®NFOUR hazard Analysis west of Point Dume. The 1973 Point Mugu earthquake, described in the previous section, is believed to have originated on this fault system. • San Cayetano—Red Mountain—Santa Susana fault system: This fault system consists of a major series of north-dipping reverse faults that extend over 150 miles from Santa Barbara County into Los Angeles County. Within this system,the San Cayetano fault is the greatest hazard to Ventura County; it is a major,north-dipping reverse fault that extends for 25 miles along the northern portion of the Ventura Basin. The San Fernando earthquake of 1971, described in the previous section,was caused by activity along this fault. • Oak Ridge fault system: The Oak Ridge fault system is a steep(65 degrees) southerly dipping reverse fault that extends from the Santa Susana Mountains westward along the southerly side of the Santa Clara River Valley and into the Oxnard Plain. The system is more than 50 miles long on the mainland and may extend an equal or greater distance offshore. Several recorded earthquake epicenters on land and offshore may have been associated with the Oak Ridge fault system. Portions of the system are zoned by the state as active. • Simi—Santa Rosa fault system: This fault system extends from the Santa Susana Mountains westward along the northern margin of the Simi and Tierra Rejada valleys and along the southern slope and crest of the Las Posas Hills to their westerly termination. • Pine Mountain thrust fault and Big Pine fault: These two large faults occur in the mountainous portion of Ventura County north of the Santa Ynez fault; the faults are located 9 and 16 miles north of the City of Ojai, respectively. The Pine Mountain thrust fault is reported to have ruptured the ground surface for a distance of 30 miles along its length during the northern Ventura County earthquakes of November 1852. • Ventura-Pitas Point fault: The western half of this fault is known as the Pitas Point fault, and the eastern half is known as the Ventura fault. The Pitas Point fault extends offshore into the Pacific Ocean and is roughly 14 miles long. The Ventura fault extends into the communities of Ventura and Sea Cliff and runs roughly parallel to portions of U.S. 101 and State Route 126. The fault is roughly 12 miles long. The Ventura-Pitas Point fault is a left- reverse fault. 4.3.2.4 Extent and Probability of Future Events Ongoing field and laboratory studies suggest the following maximum likely magnitudes and recurrence intervals for the major local faults: • San Andreas(M 8.0, recurrence interval of 300 years) • Malibu Coast fault system(M 6.7, recurrence interval 2,908 years) • San Cayetano fault system(M 6.8, recurrence interval 150 years) • Oak Ridge fault system (M 6.9,recurrence interval 299 years) • Simi—Santa Rosa fault system(M 6.7, recurrence interval 933 years) • Ventura-Pitas Point fault system(M 6.9, recurrence interval not available) LITIGATION PUNNING-ALL CUENTSIULLIFORNIq MMPS\VEHTURR COUNTY OESHMP 2010UPoPT0\BPOATEO VERSION TO DELNER TO CLIENT 101SOMFf VENTURA COUNTY HMP_M/UH BODY 100710.000 4-10 63 SEMONFOUR Nsmrd Analysis • Red Mountain fault system(M 6.8, recurrence interval 507 years) • Santa Susana fault system(M 6.6, recurrence interval 138 years) The strength of an earthquake's ground movement can be measured by peak ground acceleration (PGA). PGA measures the rate in change of motion relative to the established rate of acceleration due to gravity(g=980 centimeters per second,per second). PGA is used to project the risk of damage from future earthquakes by showing earthquake ground motions that have a specified probability (e.g., 10 percent, 5 percent, or 2 percent) of being exceeded in 50 years. The ground motion values are used for reference in construction design for earthquake resistance and can also be used to assess relative hazard between sites when making economic and safety decisions. In 2003, CGS developed an updated map of earthquake shaking potential for California. The map shows the relative intensity of ground shaking and damage in California from anticipated future earthquakes. Regions near major, active faults are shown in red and pink and experience stronger earthquake shaking more frequently. Regions that are distant from known, active faults are shown in orange and yellow experience lower levels of shaking less frequently. Figure C-2 indicates the level of earthquake hazard for Ventura County based on the 2003 CGS data. Ventura County falls within the middle to top levels of earthquake hazard, as indicated by the red and pink regions on Figure C-2. This intense shaking can damage even newer buildings built to current building codes. 4.3.3 Flooding: Riverine and Coastal 4.3.3.1 Nature of Hazard A flood occurs when the existing channel of a stream, river, canyon,or other watercourse cannot contain excess runoff from rainfall or snowmelt, resulting in overflow on to adjacent lands. In coastal areas, flooding may occur when high winds or tides result in a surge of seawater into areas that are above the normal high tide line. A floodplain is the area adjacent to a watercourse or other body of water that is subject to recurring floods. Floodplains may change over time from natural processes,changes in the characteristics of a watershed, or human activity such as construction of bridges or channels. In areas where flow contains a high sediment load, such as along the Santa Clara River in Ventura County,the course of a river or stream may shift dramatically during a single flood event. Coastal floodplains may also change over time as waves and currents alter the coastline. Physical damage from floods includes the following: • Inundation of structures, causing water damage to structural elements and contents. • Erosion or scouring of stream banks, roadway embankments, foundations, footings for bridge piers, and other features. • Impact damage to structures, roads, bridges, culverts, and other features from high velocity flow and from debris carried by floodwaters. Such debris may also accumulate on bridge piers and in culverts, increasing loads on these features or causing overtopping or backwater effects. ITIGRTION PLANNING-ALL OLIENTBICALIFOBNIA HMPSIVENT.......Y0ES HMP 3010 UPDATE\UPDATED VERSpN TO OELNEB TO CLIENT 10151DMFT VENTIIRR COUNTY HMP MAIN BODY 100)iB.00C 4-11 64 SEMINFOUR Hezerd A MATS • Destruction of crops, erosion of topsoil,and deposition of debris and sediment on croplands. • Release of sewage and hazardous or toxic materials when wastewater treatment plants are inundated, storage tanks are damaged, and pipelines severed. Floods also cause economic losses through closure of businesses and government facilities; disrupt communications; disrupt the provision of utilities such as water and sewer; result in excessive expenditures for emergency response; and generally disrupt the normal function of a community. In areas such as Ventura County that do not have extended periods of below-freezing temperatures or significant snowfall, floods usually occur during the season of highest precipitation or during heavy rainfalls after prolonged dry periods. Ventura County is dry during the late spring, summer, and early fall and receives most of its rain during the winter months. The rainfall season extends from November through April, with approximately 95 percent of the annual rainfall occurring during this period. The average annual rainfall in Ventura County ranges from less than 8 inches in the Cuyama Valley in northwestern Ventura County to 38 inches in the Ventura River watershed west of the City of Ojai.Along the coast near Oxnard, San Buenaventura, Simi Valley, and Thousand Oaks, the average rainfall is approximately 14 inches. The prevailing weather patterns during the winter and the orientation of the mountain ranges in the northern half of the County combine to produce extremely high-intensity rainfall. The peak historic rainfall intensity recorded by a Ventura County rain gage occurred on February 12, 1992. A rainfall intensity of approximately 4 inches per hour was measured during a 15-minute period at the Wheeler Gorge gage approximately 3 miles northeast of Matilija Dam. Such intensities can produce severe flooding conditions,particularly in small watersheds where flash floods are likely. Flash floods are particularly dangerous. The National Weather Service defines a flash flood as one in which the peak flow travels the length of a watershed within a 6-hour period. These floods arise when storms produce a high volume of rainfall in a short period over a watershed where runoff collects quickly. They are likely to occur in areas with steep slopes and sparse vegetation. They often strike with little warning and are accompanied by high velocity flow. 4.3.3.2 Disaster History Damaging floods in Ventura County were reported as early as 1862. A 1945 report by the Ventura County Flood Control District reported that floods of sufficient magnitude to cause extensive damage occurred in 1862, 1867, 1884, 1911, 1914, 1938, 1941, 1943, and 1944. The largest and most damaging natural floods recorded in the Santa Clara and Ventura watersheds occurred in January and February of 1969. The January flood was a result of the highest monthly precipitation total ever recorded in Ventura County at that time. The February flood was a result of intense rainfall similar in magnitude to the rainfall that caused the record- breaking flood in January. During these floods, the 50- and 100-year peak discharge levels were reached in many channels. The combined effects of the 1969 floods were disastrous: 13 people lost their lives, and property damage was estimated at$60 million (1969 dollars). Homes in Casitas Springs, Live Oak Acres, and Fillmore were flooded, and 3,000 residents in Santa Paula and several families in Fillmore were evacuated twice. A break in the Santa Clara River levee threatened the City of Oxnard. Agricultural land,primarily citrus groves, was seriously damaged ITIGNTION PLANNING-/LLL CLIENTS\CALIFORNIA HMPS\VENT......NTY OES HMPl01U UPDATE\UPDATED VE0.SION TO OELNER TO CLIENT tO 1SDRFFT VENTURR COUNTY HMP MAIN 80()Y_100T10_DOC 4-12 65 SEMINFOUR Hazard unatysis or destroyed. All over the County,transportation facilities, including roads,bridges,and railroad tracks,were damaged. The Fillmore, Oak View,and Ventura sewage treatment plants were severely damaged and dumped raw sewage into the Santa Clara and Ventura rivers. The untreated sewage polluted the rivers and the beaches at their outlets into the ocean. In addition, sewer trunk lines were broken along the Ventura River and its tributary, San Antonio Creek. Suspended sediment concentrations and discharge in many streams greatly exceeded any previously measured levels in the flood-affected areas. Suspended sediment concentrations reached a maximum of about 160,000 milligrams per liter in the Santa Clara River at Saticoy, and the maximum daily sediment discharge was 20 million tons during the storm peak(FEMA 2010a). After 1969, significant development in the Calleguas Creek watershed increased peak flows in that channel. Historically, flood flows in the Calleguas Creek portion of the Oxnard Plain had been able to spread across the floodplain and deposit their sediment, creating the rich agricultural lands of the Oxnard Plain. Currently, the Oxnard floodplain is used for primarily year-round agricultural activities, and the Calleguas Creek has been channelized through the construction of levees. However,the channel has insufficient capacity for the 50-and 100-year flows, leading to levee breaks and extensive storm damage of the year-round agricultural crops. The creek channelization has also caused increased sediment to be delivered to its outlet in Mugu Lagoon,a sensitive wetlands area. In 1980, Calleguas Creek breached its levee in the Oxnard Plain and caused approximately$9 million(in 1980 dollars) in damage to the Point Mugu Naval Base from flooding and sediment deposition. In addition, approximately 1,500 acres of farmland were covered by floodwaters. The peak discharge was 9,310 cubic feet per second (cfs)at the Madera Road Bridge in Simi Valley. In 1983, a Federal disaster was declared because of storm damage. Repairs to flood-control facilities have been estimated to cost$15 million(in 1983 dollars). Improved channels in Moorpark and Simi Valley suffered severe damage from erosion during this event, and Calleguas Creek experienced record flooding. Damage to other public and private facilities has been estimated at approximately $39 million,with little more than half of that total due to damage to agricultural lands. In the winter of 1997-1998, several heavy rainfall events hammered southern California. Some of the most intense rains occurred in Ventura County, causing flooding of dozens of homes and closure of approximately 35 roadways. A falling hillside in Ventura forced more than 60 residents to evacuate. Heavy storms caused an oil pipeline rupture, sending 8,000 gallons of crude oil into the Pacific Ocean and severing a natural gas pipeline that sparked a 100-foot flame. Countywide damages exceeded $50 million. However, no lives were lost. In January 2005, winter storms brought heavy rains to the region. The Ventura River reached a maximum stage of 17.5 feet and maximum discharge of 152,560 cfs. High water flows, scouring, and washouts in the Ventura River damaged several water wells and exposed water lines owned by the Ojai Valley Sanitary District. Severe erosion occurred along both embankments of the Ventura River. Damage from the January 2005 storms totaled more than $200 million. In January 2010, a series of powerful winter storms swept over Central and Southern California. Heavy rain, gusty winds, and heavy snow were witnessed in Ventura County. Rainfall totals ranged from 4-8 inches over coastal areas to 8-16 inches in the foothills and mountains. Flash flood watches were issued in areas of Ventura County that were damaged by wildfires in 2008. .IITIGRTIONPUNHING-ALLCIIENTSICMLIFORNIRNMPS\VENT........OESHMP]010UPDATE\UPDATED VERSION TOOEWERTOCLIENTt0.i510MFTVENTUR.....YMMP_MNNBOOV 100]10.00C 4-13 66 SEMINFOUR Hazard Analysis The January 2010 storm was initially anticipated to be similar in size to the January 2005 storm. However, actual rain totals showed that this storm was not as severe.According to the Ventura County Watershed Protection District,the watershed levels during the January 2010 storm were nowhere near the levels reached in 2005. 4.3.3.3 Location Figure C-3 shows the locations and types of flooding in Ventura County: • Upland flooding: The mountainous terrain of northern Ventura County and the hills in the central and eastern parts of the County give rise to numerous annual streams, many draining into steep canyons. These streams are subject to floods of relatively short duration, often following high-intensity rainfall. Such floods may occur with little warning and carry large quantities of sediment and debris. Communities adjacent to the upland areas, such as Fillmore, Ojai, Piru, and Santa Paula, are subject to this hazard. Many of the watersheds in question contain dams or basins designed to attenuate flow and trap debris, reducing the effects on downstream communities. • Broad floodplains: The Santa Clara River(watershed area of 1,650 square miles), Ventura River(watershed area of 226 square miles), and Calleguas Creek(watershed area of 325 square miles)watersheds drain to the broad coastal plain in the southern part of Ventura County. This plain is subject to inundation during longer intervals of rain,typically as the result of a series of winter storms. These floods typically have longer duration and may be forecast with more warning time. The Santa Clara River Valley, which crosses central Ventura County, is also subject to flooding.Numerous levees have been built to protect the agricultural lands along the river, which, because of its sediment load, has historically migrated across the valley floor during flooding intervals. These levees are typically not sufficient to withstand severe flood events. • Coastal flooding: The County's 43-mile coastline is subject to tidal flooding, storm surge, and wave action, all of which usually occur during winter storms. Areas that are susceptible to severe wave action are generally confined to a narrow area immediately adjacent to the tidal zone, including Sea Cliff Colony, Oxnard Shores, Silver Strand Beach, and several sections of U.S. 101 from Rincon Point to Emma Wood State Park. However,the effects of coastal flooding can be severe—in addition to wave action, beach and bluff erosion can cause significant damage to coast-side homes and infrastructure. Coastal flooding may also occur as the result of tsunamis, which are extreme tidal surges caused by distant earthquakes or massive undersea landslides. In addition to flooding,winter coastal storms can cause minor coastal erosion along the shores of Ventura County. Coastal erosion is a natural process which occurs particularly in the winter when coastal storms wear away land by wave action, tidal currents, or wave currents. Material deposited on beaches during the mild summer and fall months gets redistributed by the waves. According to City of Ventura engineers,the majority of the sand is pulled just off coast and then comes back to shore over time. While most receding sand stays fairly close to shore, some sand is driven south by currents until it reaches Hueneme Canyon, a large deep-water depression near the Port of Hueneme. RWATION PLANNING-RLL CLIENTS\CAIAFOBNIA.MPS\VENT...COUNTY OES BMP 2010 UPoATEW POPTEO VERSION TO DELIVER TO CLIENT 10.1SOMFT VEHTURA COUNTY BMP MAIN BOGY 100]10.DOC 4-14 67 SERI®NFOUR Nmrd Analysis 4.3.3.4 Extent and Probability of Future Events The magnitude of flooding that is used as the standard for floodplain management in the United States is a flood with a probability of occurrence of 1 percent in any given year. This flood is also known as the 100-year flood or base flood. The most readily available source of information regarding the 100-year flood is the system of Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs)prepared by FEMA. These maps are used to support the NFIP. FEMA has prepared a countywide Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map(DFIRM) for the unincorporated areas of Ventura County and for each incorporated city in the County, effective January 20, 2010. Figure C-3 shows the 100-and the 500-year floodplains for flooding sources, as identified in the Ventura County DFIRM. On average, floods causing damage within Ventura County occurs every 5 years. 4.3.3.5 Additional NFIP Information As noted in Section 1,Ventura County and its cities participate in the NFIP. The NFIP makes Federally-backed flood insurance available to homeowners, renters, and business owners in communities that adopt and enforce floodplain management ordinances to reduce future flood damage. Table 4-3 lists the date of the initially mapped FIRM,the emergency/regular program entrance date into the NFIP, and the number of policies in force. Table 4-3. Date of Initially Mapped FIRM and Emergency/Regular Program Entrance Date into NFIP for Ventura County and Cities Emergency/Regular County/Community Date of Initially Program Entrance Date Number of Policies in Name Mapped FIRM into NFIP Force Ventura County 10/31/1985 10/31/1985 1,525* City of Camarillo 9/29/1986 9/29/1986 1,673 City of Fillmore 10/17/1978 10/17/1986 195 City of Moorpark 9/29/1986 9/29/1986 776 City of Ojai 10/17/1978 10/17/1978 70 City of Oxnard 3/1/1979 3/1/1979 475 City of Port Hueneme 9/24/1984 9/24/1984 41 City of Santa Paula 4/15/1980 4/15/1980 1,063 City of Simi Valle 9/27/1991 9/27/1991 2,202 City of Thousand Oaks 9/29/1978 9/29/1978 335 City of Ventura 9/29/1986 9/29/1986 321 Source:FEMA n.d. FIRM=Flood Insurance Rate Map NFIP=National Flood Insurance Program *Additional NFIP information about Ventura County for the CRS 510 Activity Worksheet:As of July 31,2010,there are 1,525 policies and$397,771,200 of insurance in force.The 1,525 insurance policies are broken out as follows: 1,403 single-family units;39 2-4 family units; 12 all other residential units,and 71 nonresidential units.Since Ventura County joined the NFIP in 1985,471 paid losses have been made for a total of$9,238,788.50.The 470 losses are broken out as follows:388 single-family units;22 2-4 family units;3 all other residential units;and 47 nonresidential units. ITIGNTION PLANNING-ALL CLIENTS\CAl1EORNlq MMPS\VERTU..GOVN RR COUNTY NMP_MAIN BOGY t0pT10.00C 4-15 68 SEMINFOUR Hazard Analysis 4.3.4 Flooding: Dam Failure 4.3.41 Nature of Hazard Dam failure can result in severe flood events.A dam failure is usually the result of the age of the structure, inadequate spillway capacity used in construction,or structural damage caused by an earthquake or flood. When a dam fails, a large quantity of water is suddenly released with a great potential to cause human casualties,economic loss,and environmental damage.This type of disaster is especially dangerous because it can occur suddenly,providing little warning and evacuation time for the people living downstream. The flows resulting from dam failure generally are much larger than the capacity of the downstream channels and therefore lead to extensive flooding. Flood damage occurs as a result of the momentum of the flood caused by the sediment-laden water, flooding over the channel banks,and impact debris carried by the flow. A dam subject to state regulations concerning construction and operation is called a"state-size" dam. Such dams are either more than 25 feet tall and hold back more than 15 acre-feet of water or are more than 6 feet tall and hold back more than 50 acre-feet of water. Table 4-4 lists the state-size dams that are operated by the VCWPD,Table 4-5 lists the state-size dams that are not operated by VCWPD, and Table 4-6 lists dams and basins in Ventura County that are not state- size. The VCWPD's basins and dams play an important role in the control of floodwaters and sediment in Ventura County. The debris basins capture primarily sediment mobilized by stream and watershed erosion. Debris basins can also attenuate flood peaks if enough storage volume is available in the basin and depending on the design of the outlet works. If basin volumes or dam designs exceed certain state criteria,they are regulated as"state-size"basins by the California Division of Safety of Dams (DSOD). State-size basins store more than 50 acre-feet of water or have dams that are more than 25-feet tall and are inspected annually by DSOD. Ventura County VCWPD's state-size basins are Arundell Barranca,Ferro,Lang Creek,Las Llajas Canyon, Runkle Canyon, Stewart Canyon Creek, and Sycamore Canyon Basins.(Table 4-7). For more information on debris basins and the post-fire debris flow hazard, see Section 4.3.5. fTIOATION PLANNING-N.I OUENTS\CRIIFORNIA HMPS.....A COUNTY OES HMP 3010 UPDNTE\UPDATED VERSION TO DELIVER TOOLIENT 10.15\DRAFT VENTUR�COUNTV HMP_MNN BODV_100110.00C 4-16 69 sECTIONFOUR N=rd AnaMis Table 44. State-Size Dams Operated by Ventura County Watershed Protection District Zone Dam Year Completed Capacity 1 Matilija Dam 1949 Design:7,0.18 acre-feet After notching:3,800 acre-feet(excluding sedimentation losses) Original spillway capacity:60,000 cubic feet per second at water elevation 1,137 feet Stewart Canyon 1963 Level capacity:64.6 acre-feet Maximum debris capacity:203.5 acre-feet 2 Arundell Barranca 1970 Flood storage: 138 acre-feet (modified 1995) Maximum debris capacity: 17.5 acre-feet 3 Ferro Debris Basin 1933 Level capacity(top of spillway):21.4 acre-feet (1992 embankment Maximum debris capacity:23.4 acre-feet repair) Lang Creek Detention 2004 Flood storage(top of spillway):263 acre-feet Basin Las Llajas 1981 Flood storage: 1,250 acre-feet Maximum debris capacity:280 acre-feet Runkle Debris Basin 1949 Level capacity:99.8 acre-feet (Runkle Canyon Dam) Maximum debris capacity:not available Sycamore Canyon 1981 Flood storage:660 acre-feet Maximum debris capacity: 107 acre-feet Sycamore Canyon 1981 Flood storage:660 acre-feet Maximum debris capacity: 107 acre-feet Sources:Ventura County Watershed Protection District.2010;DSOD 2010. TIGgT10N PUNNING-ALL CLIENTS\pgLIFORNIq HNPS1VENTURq GOUNlY pE5 NMP 2010 UPpgTEWPpgTEp VERSION TO pELIVER Tp CIIENT Ip.151DftAFT VENTURA COUNTY HMP_MAIN BppY_tpp]1p.pOC 4-17 70 SECTIANFOUR Hazard Analysis Table 4-5. State-Size Dams Not Operated by the Ventura County Watershed Protection District Dam Capacity Zone Dam Owner acre-feet 1 Anola Dam U.S.Bureau of Reclamation 30 Casitas Dam U.S.Bureau of Reclamation 245,000 Senior Canyon Dam Senior Canyon Mutual Water Company 78 3 Bard Reservoir Dam(Wood Calleguas Municipal Water District 11,000 Ranch Lake Eleanor Dam Cone'o Open Space Conservation Agency 128 Santa Felicia Dam Lake Piru United Water Conservation District 100,000 Sinaloa Lake Sinaloa Lake Owners Association 205 4 Lake Sherwood Dam Sherwood Valley Homeowners Association 2,694 Las Virgenes Reservoir Dam Las Virgenes Municipal Water District 10,000 Westlake Los Bouquet Canyon f Los An eles Department of Water and Power 36,500 Angeles Castaic Dam California Department of Water Resources 325,000 County ramid Dam California Department of Water Resources 179,000 Sources:Ventura County Watershed Protection District.2010;DSOD 2010. Table 4-6. Non-State-Size Dams and Basins in Ventura County Watershed Flood Storage Year Area Volume Zone Basin/Dam Constructed acres acre-feet 1 Dent Debris Basin 1981 27 2.5 Live Oak Detention Basin 2002 794 17.8 McDonald Detention Basin 1998 565 14.5 2 Adams Barranca Debris Basin 1994 5,408 44.6 Cavin Road Debris Basin 1933 90 2.5 Fagan Canyon Debris Basin 1994 1,856 44.6 Franklin Banana Debris Basin 1934 330 3.1 Jepson Wash Debris Basin 1961 858 21.0 Lake Canyon Dam and Detention Basin 2008 732 180.0 Real Wash Debris Basin 1964 160 13.6 Warring Canyon Debris Basin 1952 695 20.5 3 Castro Williams Debris Basin 1955 637 50.0 Coyote Canyon Debris Basin 1955 4,550 15.2 Crestview Debris Basin 1934 80 1.5 Ed emore Debris Basin 1955 105 1.8 Errin er Road Debris Basin-Upper 1957 105 20.5 �TIGATION PUNNING-ALL CLIENTS\CALIFORNIA HMRS\VENTURA COUNTY OES MMP 1010 UPDATEW PDATE�VERSR)N TO DELNEft TO CLIENT 10.15\DRAFT VERTURA COUNTY HMP_MNIN BOOY_100]lO.DOC 4-18 71 SEMONFOUR Nazard Analysis Table 4-6.Non-State-Size Dams and Basins in Ventura County Watershed Flood Storage Year Area Volume Zone Basin/Dam Constructed acres acre-feet Fox Barranca Debris Basin 1956 3,100 9.1 Gabbert Canyon Debris Basin 1963 2,350 10.1 Honda West Debris Basin 1955 740 6.4 Lang Creek Debris Basin 2004 2,325 16.7 Las Posas Estates Dam 1992 168 15.3 North Simi Drain Dam 2002 1,200 50.0 Peach Hill Wash Detention Dam 1988 1,589 25.5 Ramona Detention Dam 1992 254 25.5 Santa Rosa Road Debris Basin No.2 1957 1,101 4.5 South Branch Afro o Cone'o Debris Basin 1995 2,542 18.4 Ta o Hills No. 1 Debris Basin 1971 104 25.5 Tao Hills No.2 Debris Basin 1977 133 15.6 West Camarillo Hills East Branch Debris Basin 1955 92 1.1 West Camarillo Hills West Branch Debris Basin 1955 74 3.2 Source:VCWPD 2010. 4.3.4.2 Disaster History One dam failure had catastrophic effects in Ventura County. The St. Francis Dam in the San Francisquitos Canyon in Los Angeles County (within the Santa Clara River watershed)was constructed to provide 38,000 acre-feet of storage for water from the Los Angeles—Owens River Aqueduct. The midnight collapse of the dam in March 1928 occurred after the newly constructed concrete-arch dam was completely filled for the first time. The resulting flood swept through the Santa Clara Valley in Ventura County toward the Pacific Ocean, about 54 miles away. At its peak,the wall of water was reported to be 78 feet high; by the time it hit Santa Paula, 42 miles south of the dam, the water was estimated to be 25 feet deep. Almost everything in its path was destroyed including structures, railways, bridges, livestock, and orchards. By the time the flood subsided,parts of Ventura County lay under 70 feet of mud and debris.Nearly 500 people were killed, and damage estimates topped$20 million. The communities of Piru, Fillmore, Santa Paula, Bardsdale, Saticoy, Montalvo, and El Rio sustained extensive life and property loss from the flood. There is no record of a failure of any dam located in Ventura County. 4.3.4.3 Location Figure C-4 shows the locations and extent of the dam failure hazard areas for Ventura County. This map provides an approximate assessment of risk and does not indicate specific areas that may be affected by failure of a particular dam. Information on the latter may be obtained from the agency that owns the dam. The map shows that dam failures may occur outside Ventura County but still pose a threat. In particular, if dams in the Santa Clara River watershed in Los LITIGATION PLANNING-ALL CLIENTS\CALIFORNIA HMPSIVENT......NTV OES HMP 2010 UPDATEWPWTEO VERSION TO DE4VEH TO CLIENT 10.15\OMiT VEHTURA COUNTY HMO MATH BODY 100)10.006 4-19 72 SEUMNFOUR N=111 PAOINiS Angeles County fail,the resulting flood would affect the Santa Clara River corridor, which includes the cities of Santa Paula and Oxnard, as demonstrated by the 1928 event. 4.3.4.4 Extent and Probability of Future Events FEMA characterizes a dam as a high hazard if it stores more than 1,000 acre-feet of water, is taller than 150 feet,and has the potential to cause downstream property damage. The hazard ratings for dams are set by FEMA and confirmed with site visits by engineers. Most dams in the County are characterized by increased hazard potential because of downstream development and increased risk as a result of structural deterioration or inadequate spillway capacity. The DSOD regulates state-size dams and inspects them annually to ensure that they are in good operating condition. Also,as required by DSOD regulations,the flood inundation limits resulting from a dam breach during the design storm are established for each state-size dam. The resultant maps contain flood-wave arrival time estimates and flood inundation limits. These maps are developed by CalEMA and provided to DSOD and local communities. The largest state-size water storage reservoirs(Pyramid, Castaic, and Piru)that can affect Ventura County are located on the Santa Clara River system and are intended to be used as flood or debris control during storm events. To cause a significant flood, dam failure would have to occur during extreme storm events that caused inflow to the basin above the outlet capacity. Many of the basins are intended to capture debris and do not provide significant detention benefits for downstream flow. A few of the older district basins have earthen spillways that are subject to erosion and scour during overtopping. Sycamore Dam was originally designed as a retention basin but does not have the design capacity available at this time and thus could overtop during an extreme storm event and cause flooding in downstream areas. The probability of dam failure inundation is unknown, but as described above,would be the result of certain types of extreme storm events. 4.3.5 Flooding: Levee Failure 4.3.5.1 Nature of Hazard Levees are typically earthen embankments designed to contain,control, or divert the flow of water to provide some level of protection from flooding. Some levee systems are built for agricultural purposes and provide flood protection and flood loss reduction for farm fields and other land used for agricultural purposes. Urban levee systems are built to provide flood protection and flood loss reduction for population centers and the industrial, commercial, and residential facilities within them. Levees are designed to provide a specific level of flood protection. Agricultural levee systems provide a level of protection that is appropriate based on the value of the assets being protected. Because urban levee systems are designated to protect urban areas, they are generally built to higher standards.No levee system provides full protection from all flooding events to the people and structures located behind it. Some level of flood risk exists in the levee-affected areas. Levee failure is the overtopping, breach or collapse of the levee wall. Levees can fail in the event of an earthquake, internal erosion, poor engineering/construction or landslides, but levees most LITIGATION PLANNING-ALL DLIENTSLCALIF.....MPSIVENTURA COUNTY DES HMP 2010 UPDATE\UPDATED VERSgN TO DELIVER TO CLIENT f0.1S0RAFf VENTURA COUNTY HMP MNN B DV_1001io. 4-20 73 SEMONFOUR hazard Analysis commonly fail as a result of significant rainfall. During a period of heavy rainfall,the water inside the levee can build up and flow over the top of its boundary. The overflow of water washes away the top portion of the levee,creating deep grooves. Eventually the levee weakens, resulting in a breach or collapse of the levee wall and the release of uncontrollable amounts of water. 4.3.5.2 Disaster History No significant levee failures have occurred in Ventura County. In recent years, FEMA has embarked on a Flood Map Modernization initiative to update and modernize the existing FIRMs for the majority of the United States. During this process, it has been revealed that a number of levees have not been assessed since their original inclusion in the NFIP and may no longer be in compliance with FEMA regulations. If a levee is found to be noncompliant, it will be decertified, and the residential structures behind the levee will be subject to the mandatory purchase of flood insurance and additional floodplain regulations. Levees in question are considered Provisionally Accredited Levees(PALS). Before producing new FIRMS, FEMA has allowed time for the PALs to be recertified. Eleven levees in Ventura County have been deemed PALs. In response,the Ventura County VCWPD has initiated the VCWPD FEMA Levee Certification and Rehabilitation Project. Under this project,the VCWPD has engaged in preliminary design engineering work in support of levee retrofit and/or enhancement projects required to certify the 11 levees in full compliance with the Federal levee certification requirements, 44 CFR§ 65.10. 4.3.5.3 Location Figure C-5 shows the 9 PALs and 2 non-provisionally accredited levees: Arroyo Santa Rosa 2, Arroyo Simi 6,Arroyo Simi 7, Calleguas Creek 2, Calleguas Creek 3, Santa Clara River 1, Santa Clara River 3, Sespe Creek 1, Sespe Creek 2,Ventura River 1,and Ventura River 3. As can be seen in the map,these levees are located throughout the populated portion of Ventura County. 4.3.5.4 Extent and Probability of Future Events The 11 levees are currently being studied for recertification. The probability of future levee failures in Ventura County is unknown but may result from a large winter storm or seismic event. However, for the purpose of planning and identification of potential projects eligible for funding,Figure C-5 illustrates the extent of flooding greater than 3 feet if the levees are decertified and are prone to failure. Once released, official FIRMS produced by FEMA will vary and will be subject to community input and appeal. 4.3.6 Geological For purposes of this analysis, geologic hazards are defined as events resulting in liquefaction and landslide. ITIGATION PLANNING-ALL CLIENTSICALIfORN1A HMP5IVENNRA COUNTY OE5 MMP 1010 UPDAtE1UP0ATE0 VERSION TO DELNER TO CLIENT 101SMFT VENT........HMP_NAIN BODV_100110.DOC 4-21 74 SECT ONFOUR Hazanl Analysis 4.3.6.1 Liquefaction Nature of Hazard Liquefaction occurs when ground shaking causes loose, saturated soil to lose strength and act as a viscous fluid. When liquefaction occurs, water pressure in the interstitial pores of the soil increases;the friction between soil particles decreases as the particles are effectively suspended and cohesion between particles is lost. Liquefaction causes two types of ground failure: lateral spreading and loss of bearing strength. Lateral spreads develop on gentle slopes and result in the sidelong movement of large masses of soil as an underlying layer liquefies. Loss of bearing strength results when the soil supporting structures liquefies and causes structures to collapse. After a liquefaction event, consolidation due to soil settlement can result in decreased soil surface elevations. Disaster History During the 1994 Northridge earthquake, liquefaction occurred at the mouth of the Santa Clara River in Oxnard, Ventura, Simi Valley,and along the Santa Clara River between Fillmore and Newhall. Settlement and lateral spreading resulted in the rupture of an oil pipeline near the Interstate 5 crossing of the Santa Clara River, directly east of Ventura County. The rupture initiated an oil spill that contaminated large portions of the river downstream. Liquefaction also caused damage to two major aqueduct pipelines in Simi Valley, resulting in prolonged loss of water service in the Simi Valley area. Ground failure throughout Simi Valley caused numerous reported service line breaks, roadway and curb damage,and considerable damage to private and public property. Location The CGS has developed Seismic Hazard Zone Maps for portions of California. These maps show zones where liquefaction and landslides may occur during a strong earthquake. A new Seismic Hazard Zone Map was developed for Ventura County in 2003. Figure C-6 shows areas of Ventura County that are susceptible to liquefaction. The Seismic Hazard Zone Maps were originally developed under the requirement of the Seismic Hazards Mapping Act of 1990,which directs CGS to delineate seismic hazard zones for public health and safety. CGS prepared these maps by considering topography, surface and subsurface geology, borehole data, historical ground-water levels,existing landslide features, slope gradient, rock-strength measurements, geologic structure, and probabilistic earthquake shaking estimates. A single earthquake or precipitation event capable of causing geologic hazard failures will not uniformly affect an entire zone area; conversely there may be areas outside the zones that have the potential for liquefaction or landslides that may not be identified. Extent and Probability of Future Events The potential for liquefaction in Ventura County is evident in flat areas that contain low-density, saturated, sandy soils. Extensive young gravel, sand, and silt deposits in the Oxnard Plain and along the Santa Clara River, shallow groundwater, and the presence of nearby potentially active faults suggest that nearly all of Ventura County is susceptible to liquefaction-related hazards. Because of the history of strong ground motions along active faults in the County, future events are likely to trigger liquefaction. LITIGATION PUINNING-FLI CLIENTS\CALIiORNIA HMPSWENTURA COUNTY OES HMP2010 UPORTE\UPOFTEO VERSION TO OEWER TO CLIENT 10.1SDMfT VENTURA COUNTY HMP_MAIN 80DV_100)IO.DOC 4-22 75 SECTI®NFOUR hazard AnaNSis 4162 Landslide Nature of Hazard Landslide is a general term for the dislodging and fall of a mass of soil or rocks along a sloped surface or the,dislodged mass itself. The term is used for varying phenomena, including mudflows, mudslides,debris flows, rock falls, rock slides, debris avalanches, debris slides, and slump-earth flows. Landslides can be earthquake-induced or non-earthquake induced. Earthquake-induced landslides occur as a result of ground shaking. The most common earthquake-induced landslides include shallow rock falls, disrupted rock slides, and disrupted slides of earth and debris.-Non- earthquake induced landslides may involve a wide range of combinations of natural rock, soil, or artificial fill. The susceptibility of hillside and mountainous areas to non-earthquake induced landslides depends on variations in geology,topography, vegetation, and weather. They may also occur due to indiscriminate development of sloping ground or the creation of cut-and-fill slopes in areas of unstable or inadequately stable geologic conditions.Non-earthquake-induced landslides can often occur as a result of intense or prolonged precipitation that can saturate slopes and cause failures. Disaster History Landslides have occurred in areas along the Rincon Fault, hillsides south of the Santa Clara River, and the east side of the Ventura River. In recent years,the most damaging landslides in Ventura County have occurred in the coastal community of La Conchita, located just southeast of the Santa Barbara county line. La Conchita has been the site of multiple non-earthquake induced landslides. La Conchita was built on ground that had been graded by the Southern Pacific Railroad after a 1909 landslide slid into the railroad tracks. The land was intended to be a buffer zone between the retreating and eroding cliff and the Pacific Ocean. However, it was subdivided into smaller residential lots in 1924. Along the bluff face above La Conchita,the upper portion of the bluff is underlain by two rock formations separated by the Red Mountain fault. The bluff above La Conchita has been associated with a variety of landslide activity, with historical accounts dating back to 1865.More recently, two small slides occurred in 1988 and 1991, followed by large movements of the same landslide mass in 1995 and 2005. The 1995 landslide, which occurred 1 month after the heaviest rainfall of an extraordinarily wet year,was considered to be a deep, slow-moving landslide. This landslide destroyed nine houses. The January 2005 event was a shallow and highly fluid remobilization of the same material that carried a thick layer of dry, viscous material. This landslide, which occurred at the peak of an extremely wet 2-week period, killed 10 people and destroyed 13 homes. Approximately 400,000 tons of debris cascaded down the slope behind the La Conchita housing development. Historic landslide locations are shown on Figure C-6. Location As noted in Section 4.3.2,the Seismic Hazard Zone Map for Ventura County was developed by CGS in 2003 and shows earthquake-induced landslide hazard zones. These zones are shown on Figure C-6. CGS has not prepared maps for Ventura County that identify hazards associated with non-earthquake induced landslides. However, Ventura County has kept records of historical TGPTION PLANNING-ALL Cl1ENTS\C/LLIPORNIrI MMP$\VENTURA COUNTY OES MMP 3010 UPWTEWPWTED VERSgN TO DELIVER TO CLIENT 10.1SOMFT VENTURNCOUNTY XMP MAIN BODV_100110.1%K 4-23 76 SEMONFOUR N=rd PA81VSIS landslide areas, such as the La Conchita landslides. These areas are shown on Figure C-6 and are likely to be sites of recurring non-earthquake induced landslides. Extent and Probability of Future Events Slope instability throughout much of Ventura County is greatly related to the intensity of the past faulting and folding of strata,the weak rock and/or the clay content of certain sedimentary formations, and the subsurface moisture content. Landslides and potentially unstable slopes are especially common in weak rock formations in hillside areas underlain by sedimentary bedrock of the Pico, Santa Barbara, Monterey/Modelo,and Rincon formations. Many landslides are also associated with steep slopes that have been undercut by erosion(such as the several landslides that have occurred along the easterly side of Big Sycamore Canyon northeast of Point Mugu) and downslope inclination of bedding planes(such as in the Ventura Anticline area). Despite the rugged physiography of the County's northern,mountainous areas,the strength of the older bedrock in these areas reduces the incidence of landsliding.Nonetheless, many hillsides and existing landslide features are only marginally stable; therefore, slight changes in conditions, whether temporary(such as earthquake ground motion or intense rainfalls)or more long-term (such as grading and irrigation), can trigger landsliding. In La Conchita, renewed landslide activity will most likely occur during or after future periods of prolonged or intense rainfall. Because of the history of occurrence and the potential for landslides as a result of the conditions in the County, future events are likely to occur, based on historic landslides occurring about once every 10 years. The extent of future events is unknown, but could be similar to historic events: up to 400,000 tons or more of debris could be involved in one event. 4.3.7 Post-Fire Debris Flow 4.3.7.1 Nature of Hazard The VCWPD's basins and dams play an important role in the control of floodwaters and sediment in Ventura County. The debris basins capture primarily sediment mobilized by stream and watershed erosion. Debris basins can also attenuate flood peaks if enough storage volume is available in the basin and depending on the design of the outlet works. Debris basins are designed primarily with outlet works and enough storage volume to significantly reduce flood peaks but can also capture sediment. If basin volumes or dam designs exceed certain state criteria,they are regulated as "state-size"basins by the DSOD. State-size basins store more than 50 acre-feet of water or have dams that are more than 25 feet tall and are inspected annually by DSOD. VCWPD's state-size basins are Arundell Barranca, Ferro, Lang Creek, Las Llajas Canyon, Runkle Canyon, Stewart Canyon Creek, and Sycamore Canyon Basins(see Table 4-4). Wildfires are a common occurrence in the hills and mountainous regions of Ventura County. By reducing or destroying vegetative cover and altering soil characteristics, fires often result in conditions that can significantly increase runoff and erosion when winter rains begin to fall. These conditions may result in a debris flow(also referred to as mud flow), which is a slurry of water, sediment, and rock that converges in a stream channel. LITIGATION PUNNING-ALL CLIENTSCALIFORRIA HMPSIVENTURA COUNTY OES HMP 2010 UPDATE\UPDATED VERSION TO DELIVER TO CLIENT 1015\DRAFT VENTURA COUNTY...MAIN BOOV 100]10.DOC 4-24 7 7 / SECHONFOUR N=rd ANONSIS The threats of erosion, flooding,and debris flows are significantly increased by the following processes: • Reduced infiltration and increased runoff: A fire's consumption of vegetative cover increases exposure of the soil surface to raindrop impact. Soil heating destroys organic matter that binds the soil together. Extreme heating may also cause the development of water- repellant, or"hydrophobic,"soil conditions that further reduce infiltration. • Changes in hill slope conditions: Fires remove obstructions to overland flow, such as trees, downed timber, and plants, increasing flow velocity and therefore erosive power. Increased sediment movement also fills depressions,reducing storage capacity and further contributing to increased velocity and volume of flow. These factors combine to allow more of the watershed to contribute flow to the flood at the same time, increasing the volume of the flood. • Changes in channel conditions: Increased overland flow and sediment transport result in increased velocity and volume of flow in defined channels. Channel erosion increases, as do peak discharges. The occurrence of erosion, floods, and debris flows in burned areas is also dependent on precipitation intensity—storms with high intensity are more likely to initiate the processes described above and result in flood events. Additionally, easily eroded soils facilitate changes in hill slope conditions and increase the volume of runoff. Both of these conditions are likely to occur in Ventura County. In extreme situations, the conditions described above combine to form a debris flow. These flows are often the most destructive events resulting from heavy rainfall in fire-affected areas. They occur with little warning,carry vast quantities of rock and other material, and strike objects with extreme force. Because of their viscosity and density, debris flows can move or carry away objects as large as vehicles and bridges, and they may travel great distances down canyons and stream valleys. Debris flow fronts may also travel at high speeds, exceeding 50 miles per hour. In most cases, only large basins designed specifically to trap these flows are capable of resisting the forces that accompany them. Table 4-7 lists the debris and detention basins owned by the County. LITIGATION PUNNING.RLl C4ENT5\GNIIFORNIN HMPS\VENTURR COUNTY OES NMP 3010 UPOATEWPDATED VERSION TO DELNER TO CLIENT 10.15\OMFf VEHTURCOUNTY MMP MAIN 80DY_100T10.DOC 4-25 78 SEMONFOUR Hazard Analysis Table 4-7. Summary of Debris and Detention Basin Data for Facilities Owned by the Ventura County Watershed Protection District Expected Maximum Annual Debris Debris Sediment Production for State- Watershe Storage Production 100-Year Size Dam d Area Capacity (cubic Storm(cubic Zone Basin Name (Y/N) (acres cubic yards) yards) yards) 1 Dent Debris Basin N 19 4,100 263 1,624 Live Oak Diversion Dam N 794 45,527 NA 20,952 McDonald Canyon Detention N 573 32,393 NA 20,179 Basin Stewart Canyon Creek Debris Y 1,266 104,215 2,781 209,000 Basin 2 Adams Barranca Debris Basin N 5,387 72,023 3,792 149,00 Arundell Barranca Detention Y 1,754 223,150 5,308 22,576 Basin Cavin Road Debris Basin N 90 4,100 362 13,413 Fagan Canyon Debris Basin N 1,856 72,000 4,800 104,600 Franklin Barranca Debris Basin N 330 5,050 890 11,507 Jepson Wash Debris Basin N 858 33,850 3,953 55,800 Real Wash Debris Basin N 160 22,000 5,225 11,500 Warring Canyon Debris Basin N 695 33,100 5,962 52,400 3 Castro Williams Debris Basin N 330 58,403 NA 8,599 Coyote Canyon Debris Basin N 4,400 24,500 2,938 152,459 Crestview Debris Basin N 1 80 2,350 100 1,005 Ed emore Debris Basin N 105 2,950 276 1,188 Erringer Road Debris Basin- N 315 33,250 900 11,633 Upper Ferro Debris Basin Y 395 34,500 451 7,758 Fox Barranca Debris Basin N 3,100 14,700 3,060 99,181 Gabbert Canyon Debris Basin N 2,350 16,300 4,742 56,900 Honda West Debris Basin N 740 10,350 129 55,662 Line"C"Arroyo Simi Detention N 766 16,330 NA 12,956 Basin Lang Creek Debris Basin N 2,325 26,942 NA 22,052 Lang Creek Detention Basin Y 2,352 425,270 NA 0 LITIGATION PLANNING-ALL CLIENTSICALIFORNIA HMPSIVENTUM COUNTY OES HMP]010 UPDATE\UPDATED VENSION TO DELIVER TO CLIENT 101SDRAFT VENTURA COUNTY MMP_MNIN BOOV_100'l1 O.00C 4-26 79 SEMONFOUR Nezerd MONSiS Table 4-7. Summary of Debris and Detention Basin Data for Facilities Owned by the Ventura County Watershed Protection District Expected Maximum Annual Debris Debris Sediment Production for State- Watershe Storage Production 100-Year Size Dam d Area Capacity (cubic Storm(cubic Zone Basin Name (acres) cubic ards yards) yards) 3 Las Llajas Canyon Detention Y 4,384 2,017,000 15,200 190,983 Dam Las Posas Estates Detention N 168 24,684 655 1,018 Basin Peach Hill Wash Retention Basin N 1,589 121,950 350 4,541 Ramona Detention Dam N 254 41,230 284 3,732 Runkle Canyon Detention Basin Y 958 161,000 3,200 41,613 Santa Rosa Road Debris Basin N 1,101 49,000 612 12,505 No.2 South Branch Arroyo Conejo N 2,542 50,417 10,000 100,850 Debris Basin St.John's Debris Basin(to be N 240 50,000 NA 2,849 transferred Sycamore Canyon Dam Y 4,380 106,460 1,000 59,260 Tao Hills No. 1 Detention Basin N 1 104 41,190 440 5,730 Tao Hills No.2 Debris Basin N 133 25,200 NA 4,000 West Camarillo Hills East Branch N 92 1,840 183 1,432 Debris Basin West Camarillo Hills West N 74 5,250 1,103 1,268 Branch Debris Basin 4 Potrero Creek Sediment Control N 1,541 5,628 NA 10,340 Basin Source:VCWPD 2005. 4.3.7.2 Disaster History Evidence of debris-flow movement was widespread following the 1969 storms throughout the mountain ranges in Ventura County. Debris flows occurred in numerous watersheds, including Cozy Dell Canyon, Stewart Canyon, Senior Canyon, Orcutt Canyon,Jepson Wash, and others. Mudflows also occurred in 1969 and 1971 in watersheds that were underlain by fine-grained sedimentary rocks and had been more recently burned by wildfires near Ojai. Witnesses to the mudflows described surges of what appeared to be mud covered with water behind a moving boulder. In recent years,post-fire debris flows have occurred in neighboring counties, most recently after the 2003 wildfires that burned over 700,000 acres in southern California. Following the wildfires, a storm on Christmas Day 2003 dropped several inches of rain in a short period of time in the San Gabriel and San Bernardino mountain ranges in San Bernardino County (approximately 80 miles east of Ventura County). The rainfall caused widespread occurrence of ITIGATIONPUNNING-ALL CLIENTS\CRUFORNIq MMPS\VENT......NTY OES NMP 3010 UPO/TEIUPDRTEO VERSION TO DELNEA TO CLIENT 10.1SOMFT VENTURA COUNTY NMP MAIN BOOY.......O 4-27 80 SECTIONFOUR NMM AN8103 debris flows, including a 15-foot high wall of water and debris in Waterman Canyon that killed 16 people. Fifty-two homes were damaged and losses of residential and commercial buildings and infrastructure were estimated to be $38 million. 4.3.7.3 Location Portions of Ventura County that have been subject to wildfires are susceptible to potentially hazardous debris flows. Areas susceptible to debris flow include localities that are adjacent to and downslope of these burn areas, especially in locations that are in ravines and canyons and at the mouths of canyons. Figures C-7, C-8, and C-9 show debris basin areas of concern for post-fire debris flow. 4.3.7.4 Extent and Probability of Future Events A comprehensive,watershed-by-watershed analysis of debris flow hazards is not available. However, an exposure analysis was conducted with consideration of existing analyses performed by the VCWPD and the locations of existing basins designed to reduce the threat from debris flow hazards. The VCWPD uses a computer program called SCOTSED to determine debris quantities and bulked flow estimates for design storms. SCOTSED relies on an equation generated through multiple linear regressions of channel cleanout data with rain gage data and parameters representing watershed characteristics to estimate the expected debris load from a watershed. The SCOTSED parameters include the following: • Fire factor: Represents the condition of a watershed after a burn; VCWPD design standards assume that a debris basin is designed to receive debris 4.5 years after a burn occurs. After a burn, it is assumed that 6 months will elapse before a major storm occurs. • Slope failure: Represents the area of identified unstable slopes and soils in a watershed expected to yield significant quantities of sediment. • Elongation ratio: Geometric factor that accounts for the shape of the watershed (long and narrow,with relatively short overland flow paths versus short and broad with relatively long overland flow paths). • Rainfall factor: Generated using the 24-hour precipitation for a design storm to represent the peak rainfall that occurs and the 10-day total rainfall that occurs to represent the antecedent moisture conditions. SCOTSED also calculates the increase in peak runoff rates due to bulking of the flow based on data the VCWPD obtained from Los Angeles County. Because the SCOTSED algorithm was developed using volumes of deposited suspended and bedload material, it does not include an estimate of the wash load quantity. The increase in peak runoff rates due to bulking based on these data range from an average of 40 to 60 percent. To reduce the threat posed by debris flows in the hills and mountainous areas, the VCWPD (and its predecessor, the Ventura County Flood Control District), Federal agencies, and private landowners have constructed a network of debris basins in the canyons and stream valleys above populated areas. The basins that VCWPD operates are listed in Table 4-7. These basins are RIGATION PLANNING-ALL CLIENTSICALIFORNIA HMPSNENTURA COUNTY OES HMP 2010 UPOATEWPDATEO VERSION TO OELNER TO CLIENT tO.iSORAFf VENNRA COUNTY HMP_MAIN BODV_100]10_DOC 4-25 81 SE&MINFOUR hazard Analysis designed to trap sediment and rock before it reaches populated areas or clogs downstream channels,bridges,and culverts. The VCWPD periodically removes accumulated debris from its basins when the debris storage reaches 25 percent of the estimated 100-year debris inflow. Aerial topography of the basins is obtained every year,and the current debris contours are compared to the design basin elevations to generate an estimate of the debris storage and compare it to the 100-year estimate. Current VCWPD design standards require a basin to have enough storage to hold 125 percent of the estimated 100-year debris inflow so that it can reach the 25 percent storage level and still have sufficient space for the expected 100-year debris flow. To develop debris flow hazard information that could be used for the risk assessment in this HMP,the following information was considered: • The level of wildfire risk • The potential for slope failure • The existence of development in downstream areas • The existence of VCWPD-operated debris basins and whether those basins are adequate to provide protection during the occurrence of a 100-year event.As shown in Table 4-7, 10 VCWPD basins may not have adequate capacity to contain debris produced during a 100- year event. Extent of future occurrences is likely similar to past occurrences. The most recent fires which had the potential of leading to a sizable amount of post-fire debris were the Piru and Semi wildfires of 2003. The VCWPD used SCOTSED to evaluate potential debris production following these two wildfires. The predicted bulking factors for the analyzed watersheds ranged from an average increase of 42 percent at the lower storm recurrence intervals to an average increase of 54 percent for the 100-year storm. The average increase in sediment yield from the watersheds at all design storm levels from the SCOTSED program was 160 percent. For example,the 100-year peak flow for the Pole Creek watershed tributary to the Santa Clara River was estimated to increase from 5,740 to 9,930 cfs due to bulking, and the 100-year sediment yield from the watershed was estimated to increase from 173,600 to 485,400 cubic yards due to the burn. The 100-year peak flow for the Tapo Canyon watershed tributary to Arroyo Simi was estimated to increase from 3,469 to 5,342 cfs due to bulking, and the 100-year sediment yield from the watershed was estimated to increase from 149,100 to 436,300 cubic yards. Because the winter of 2003-2004 was drier than normal, significant debris flows did not occur. However, these analyses demonstrate the significant increase in the risk and the extent of a damaging event after an extensive wildfire. Ventura County has a long history of flooding and wildfires which are two major factors in occurrence of post-fire debris flow. However,because a number of complex factors lead to debris flow(rainfall,wildfire, and slope and soil conditions),the probability of post-fire debris flow in Ventura County is unknown. TGATION PUNNING ALI CLIENTSCRLIFORHIR NMVSNENTURA COUNTY OES HMP 2010 UPDRTEIUPOATEO VERSpN TO DELrvER TO GHENT f01SDMFf V......COUNTY HMP_MAIN BODY_IOO210.00L 4-29 82 SEMINFOUR Nazard AnaNSiS 4.3.8 Severe Winter Storm 4.3.8.1 Nature of Hazard The climate on California's southern coast is hot Mediterranean, in which summers are hot and dry and winters are cool and damp.A dominating factor in the weather of California is the semi- permanent high pressure area of the North Pacific Ocean, sometimes called the Pacific High. This pressure center moves northward in summer, holding storm tracks well to the north, and as a result California receives little or no precipitation during that period. The Pacific High decreases in intensity in winter and moves farther south,permitting storms to move into and across the state and producing high winds,widespread rain at low elevations,and snow at high elevations.Occasionally the state's circulation pattern permits a series of storm centers to move into California from the Southwest. This type of storm pattern is responsible for occasional heavy rains that can cause serious winter flooding. From mid-autumn to mid-spring is the rainy season. During these months, winter storms may occur. In addition to high winds and flooding,winter storms may bring hail and/or lightning to all areas of the County. Winter storms can also bring extended periods of freezing temperatures,which can cause damage to agricultural crops and lead to farming losses and loss of jobs. 4.3.8.2 Disaster History Ventura County was included in the Presidential Disaster Declarations for freezing or severe winter storms that occurred in December 1998 and January 2007. The 1998 freeze was particularly damaging to citrus crops. A review of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's(NOAA's)National Climatic Data Center(NCDC) database reveals that, although not considered disasters, 71 storms causing high winds occurred in Ventura County between 1996 and 2010. These storms included wind speeds of up to nearly 100 miles per hour, and in rare cases,the storms caused deaths or injuries. Storms with high winds also knocked down trees and power lines. Also according to the NCDC database, 51 winter storms causing snow and ice have occurred in Ventura County since 1996. Some of the storms also caused hail; in addition, four hailstorms have been recorded in Ventura County since 1987, with reported hail of up to 1.5 inches in diameter. 4.3.8.3 Location Many events in the NCDC database described above affected all of Ventura County. The entire County is susceptible to winter storms and damage from wind. However, only the higher elevation areas (typically at or above 4,000 to 5,000 feet)experience snowfall,while lower elevation areas experience heavy rains. Hail has occurred throughout the county. 4.3.8.4 Extent and Probability of Future Events A storm can cause high rains, flooding, up to 18 inches of snow at the highest elevations in the County(e.g., Mount Pinos), and wind speeds of up to 70 miles per hour. Hail of up to 1.5 inches �TIGATION PUNNING-ALL C4ENTSICALIFORHIA HMPSVENTUAR COUNTY OES NMP 2010UPoNTE\UPDATEVERSION TO DELIVER TO CLIENT 10.1 SDMRVENT........HMP_MRIN BODY 100]10.pOC 4-30 83 SWINFOUR Hazard Analysis in diameter has been recorded.Based on recent history, severe winter storms occur every year, but those causing injury or damage occur about once every 10 years. 4.3.9 Tsunami 4.3.9.1 Nature of Hazard A tsunami is a series of traveling ocean waves of extremely long length generated by disturbances associated primarily with earthquakes occurring below or near the ocean floor. Subduction zone earthquakes at plate boundaries often cause tsunamis. However,tsunamis can also be generated by submarine landslides, submarine volcanic eruptions,the collapse of volcanic edifices, and in very rare instances, large meteorite impacts in the ocean. In the deep ocean,the length of a tsunami from wave crest to wave crest may be a hundred miles or more but have a wave height of only a few feet or less. Thus,the wave period can be up to several hours and wavelengths can exceed several hundred miles. Thus,tsunamis are unlike typical wind-generated swells on the ocean, which might have a period of about 10 seconds and a wavelength of up to 300 feet. Tsunamis cannot be felt aboard ships nor can they be seen from the air in the open ocean. In deep water,the waves may reach speeds exceeding 700 miles per hour. Tsunamis reaching heights of more than 100 feet have been recorded. As a tsunami wave approaches the shallow coastal waters, it appears normal and its speed decreases. Then as the tsunami nears the coastline, it may grow to great height and smash into the shore, causing much destruction. Tsunamis not only affect beaches that are open to the ocean, but also bay mouths,tidal flats,and the shores of large coastal rivers. Tsunami waves can also diffract around land masses. Since tsunamis are not symmetrical, the waves may be much stronger in one direction than another, depending on the nature of the source and the surrounding geography. However,tsunamis do propagate outward from their source, so coasts in the shadow of affected land masses are usually fairly safe. Tsunamis can originate hundreds or even thousands of miles away from coastal areas. Local geography may intensify the effect of a tsunami. Areas at greatest risk are less than 50 feet above sea level and within one mile of the shoreline. Tsunamis arrive as a series of successive "crests"(high water levels)and"troughs" (low water levels). These successive crests and troughs can occur anywhere from 5 to 90 minutes apart. They usually occur 10 to 45 minutes apart. Tsunami run-up occurs when a peak in the tsunami wave travels from the near-shore region onto shore. Run-up is usually expressed in meters above normal high tide. Except for the largest tsunamis, such as the 2004 Indian Ocean event,tsunamis generally do not result in giant breaking waves (like normal surf waves at the beach that curl over as they approach shore). Rather,they come in much like very strong and fast-moving tides (i.e., strong surges and rapid changes in sea level). Much of the damage inflicted by tsunamis is caused by strong currents and floating debris. Tsunamis often travel much farther inland than normal waves. Most deaths during a tsunami are a result of drowning. Associated risks include flooding,polluted water supplies, and damaged gas lines. LITIGATION PUNNING-PLL GIIENT5IGPLIFORNN HMPS\VERTURA CAUNTV OES HMP 3010 UPDATE\UPOATEO VERSION TO DELIVER TO CLIENT 10.1SORPFT VERT...COUNTY RMP MAIN BODY 100]10.000 4-31 84 SEMINFOUR Hazard ANONSIS 4.3.9.2 Disaster History According to the NOAA National Geophysical Data Center Website, 13 tsunami run-ups have been recorded or observed on the Ventura County coastal area since 1812.More information about tsunami run-ups is provided in Table 4-8. Table 4-8. Past Tsunami Run-ups in Ventura County Year Location Tsunami Cause Water Height feet 1812 City of Ventura Earthquake and Landslide 6.5 1941 Port Hueneme Earthquake — 1944 Port Hueneme Earthquake 0.36 1946 Port Hueneme Earthquake 2.6 1946 City of Ventura Earthquake — 1952 Port Hueneme Earthquake 0.36 1952 Port Hueneme Earthquake 2.2 1957 Port Hueneme Earthquake 1.7 1958 Port Hueneme Earthquake 0.33 1960 Port Hueneme Earthquake 4.4 1964 City of Ventura Earthquake and Landslide — 1964 Oxnard Earthquake and Landslide — Source:NCDC 2010. —=no data available Data regarding property damage, deaths,or injuries for these tsunami run-ups are not available, except for the 1960 tsunami at Port Hueneme, in which the value of the damage was listed as less than$1 million. In April 2010; a major earthquake off the coast of Chile generated a tsunami; the effects of the tsunami in Ventura County were felt approximately 12 hours after the earthquake. A rapid change in sea level caused in excess of$200,000 damage to structures and vessels in Ventura Harbor. 4.3.9.3 Location Figure C-10 shows a tsunami inundation map prepared by the CGS. This map illustrates coastal land areas that can become submerged due to tsunami run-up. The area of land subject to inundation is a factor o£ • Distance of shoreline from the tsunami generating event • Magnitude of the earthquake causing the event; duration and period of waves • Run-up elevations • Tidal level at time of occurrence LITIGATION PLANNING-ALL CLIENTSICALIFORNIAHM-ENTURA COUNTY OES HMP 2010 UPDATE\UPDATED VERSION TO DELIVER TO CLIENT 10.15 1DRAFT VENTURA COUNTY HMP_MAIN RODV 100)10.DOC 4-32 85 SEMINFOUR Hazard PA81VSIS • Location along shore and direction of shore in respect to propagated waves • Topography of the seabed 4.3.9.4 Extent and Probability of Future Events Tsunamis that reach the California coast can be caused by local or distant sources.Local sources include local earthquakes and landslides off the California, Oregon, and Washington coasts. However, earthquakes off the southern California coast(south of Cape Mendocino)take place mainly on strike-slip faults,and because the movement they generate is mostly lateral, tsunamis from local sources are less likely to occur in Ventura County because the ocean floor and overlying water is not typically thrust upward. The primary tsunami threat along the southern California coast is from distant source earthquakes elsewhere in the Pacific basin, including South America. For example,the magnitude 9.5 earthquake in Chile in 1960, the largest earthquake ever recorded, resulted in a 1.6-meter(5.2-foot)wave that reached Santa Monica about 14 hours after the earthquake. Based on the history of tsunami run-ups in the region and the history of earthquakes in the Pacific Rim, another tsunami event is likely to occur. Historical data show that tsunamis tend to occur about once every 17 years on average, although there have been no recorded run-ups since 1964 according to the NOAA National Geophysical Data Center. The average water height of the past run-ups is 27 inches. The extent of tsunami run-ups that may occur in the future can be similar to past tsunami run-ups, or higher if the run-ups are due to a tsunami caused by an extremely large earthquake. 4.3.10 Wildfire 4.3.10.1 Nature of Hazard A wildfire is an uncontrolled fire that spreads through consumption of vegetation. Wildfires often begin unnoticed, spread quickly,and are usually signaled by dense smoke that may be visible from miles around. Wildfires can be human-caused by arson or campfires or can be caused by natural events such as lightning. Wildfires can be categorized into four types: • Wildland fires occur mainly in areas under Federal control, such as national forests and parks, and are fueled primarily by natural vegetation. • Interface or intermix fires occur in areas where both vegetation and structures provide fuel. These are also referred to as urban-wildland interface fires. 0 Firestorms occur during extreme weather(typically high temperatures, low humidity, and high winds)with such intensity that fire suppression is virtually impossible. These events typically burn until the conditions change or the fuel is exhausted. • Prescribed fires and prescribed natural fires are intentionally set or natural fires that are allowed to burn for beneficial purposes. The following three factors contribute significantly to wildfire behavior, and as described more fully below,these factors can be used to identify wildfire hazard areas: TIGRTION PIANNINGgLL CLIENTS\CgIIFORNIq HMPS\VENTURACOUNTY OES NMP 1010 UPDgTE\UPDATED VERSION TO OEIIVEN TO CLIENT 10.15\UMFT VENTURA COUNTY MMP MAIN 80DV 100110.DOC 4-33 86 SELMONFOUR Hazard AMNSiS • Topography: As slope increases,the rate of wildfire spread increases. South-facing slopes are also subject to greater solar radiation,making them drier and thereby intensifying wildfire behavior. However,ridgetops may mark the end of wildfire spread because fire spreads more slowly or may even be unable to spread downhill. • Fuel: The type and condition of vegetation plays a significant role in the occurrence and spread of wildfires. Certain types of plants are more susceptible to burning or burn with greater intensity. Dense or overgrown vegetation increases the amount of combustible material available to fuel the fire(referred to as the"fuel load"); the ratio of living to dead plant matter is also important. The risk of fire is increased significantly during periods of prolonged drought as the moisture content of both living and dead plant matter decreases. The fuel's continuity is also an important factor, both horizontally and vertically. • Weather: The most variable factor affecting wildfire behavior is weather. Variables such as temperature, humidity, wind, and lightning can affect chances for ignition and spread of fire. Extreme weather, such as high temperatures and low humidity, can lead to extreme wildfire activity. By contrast, cooling and higher humidity often signals reduced wildfire occurrence and easier containment. Years of precipitation followed by warmer years tend to encourage more widespread fires and longer burn periods. Also, since the mid 1980s, earlier snowmelt and associated warming due to global climate change has been associated with longer and more severe wildfire seasons in the western United States. If not promptly controlled, wildfire may grow into an emergency or disaster. Even small fires can threaten lives and resources and destroy improved properties. It is also important to note that in addition to affecting people,wildfire may severely affect livestock and pets. Such events may require the emergency watering/feeding, shelter, evacuation, and even burying of animals. Wildfires can have serious effects on the local environment. In addition to stripping the land of vegetation and destroying forest resources, large, intense fires can harm the soil,waterways and the land itself. Soil exposed to intense heat may lose its capacity to absorb moisture and support life. Exposed soils erode quickly and enhance siltation of rivers and streams,thereby enhancing flood potential, harming aquatic life, and degrading water quality. Lands stripped of vegetation are also subject to increased debris flow hazards, as described above. Wildfires can also greatly affect the air quality of the surrounding area. 4.3.10.2 Disaster History Wildfires are a common occurrence in Ventura County. From 1953 to 2009, 72 wildfires, each with an extent greater than 1,000 acres, occurred in Ventura County (see Table 4-9). 24 of the fires burned more than 10,000 acres. In more recent years, wildfires have been among the largest ever recorded, but they have also been less detrimental to infrastructure and emergency responders. In October 2007,the Ranch fire burned just over 58,000 acres, and the Day fire of September 2006 was responsible for almost 163,000 burned acres; one home was destroyed and no injuries have been recorded. In comparison, in October 2003,the Piru fire burned almost 64,000 acres and the Simi Valley fire burned over 108,000 acres. These fires destroyed 40 homes and injured over 40 people. TIGRTION PUNNING-PLL CLIENTSICNLIFORNIq MMPS\VENTURA COUNTY OES HMP 3010 UPDATE\UPDATED VEft510M TO DELIVER TO CLIENT t0.1SDRAFT VENTUft.....Y MMP_MNN BODY_10D]t D.DOC 4-34 87 SEMINFOUR Nazard A081WIS Table 4-9. Ventura County Fires of Over 1,000 Acres, 1953-2009 Start Acres Start Acres Name Date Affected* Name Date Affected* Ventu Park 11155 13,840 Peach Hill 10/85 1,861 Hoffman Red Mtn. 08/55 1,200 Pioneer 10/85 1,238 Sexton Canyon 12/56 2,500 South Tao 10/85 16,995 Little Sycamore 12/56 1,617 Ferndale 10/85 47,064 Lake Sherwood 12/56 7,747 Rock Peak 10/85 1,983 Cone'o Grade 06/57 1,000 Fish 10/87 4,341 Santa Susana Pass 07/57 1,482 Pe ertree Control 11/87 1,088 Boulder Creek 08/57 3,987 Hall-Barlow Control 05/88 2,227 Calumet Canyon 10/58 17,000 Piru 09/88 12,068 Broome Ranch 11/59 1,350 Kuehner 09/88 3,761 Doncon&Fletcher 1/61 2,700 Pacific 10/89 3,153 Culbert Lease 12/62 5,525 Los Padres 1991 2,849 Warring Canyon 08/67 3,808 Broome Ranch Control 07/92 1,310 Sence Ranch 10/67 17,431 Green Meadow 10/93 38,477 Ditch Road 10/67 11,20 Steckel 10/93 27,088 Parker Ranch 10/67 25,000 Dragnet 10/93 1,962 Timber Canyon 10/67 11,448 Wheel 10/93 1,475 Torrey Canyon 11/69 1,800 Bound 1 07/95 1,010 Ventura City Foothill 09/70 5,241 Aliso II 11/96 1,200 Mao Brush 09/70 4,390 Sexton II Control 09/96 1,273 Goodenough Road 10/71 2,100 Grand 07/96 1 10,949 Potrero 09/73 12,214 Hopper Control 08/97 1,500 Sence Ranch 09/73 1,008 Hopper 08/97 24,793 South Mountain 11/75 6,500 Piru 10/98 12,613 Potrero 12/75 2,773 Ranch 12/99 4,371 Los Robles 06/76 2,000 Leslie Control 06/99 1 1,087 Santa Susana 09/79 1,003 Bradley 12/99 3,332 Creek Road 09/79 32,000 Holser 07/99 2,525 Hill Canyon 10/80 8,700 Piru 10/03 63,991 South Mountain 10/80 3,600 Simi Valle 10/03 108,204 Loma 06/81 1,331 To an a 09/05 24,175 Oat Mountain 10/81 6,005 School 11/05 3,891 Matilija 7/83 4,600 Day 09/06 162,702 Grimes 5/84 11,164 Shekell 12/06 13,600 Squaw Flat 10/84 6,010 Ranch** 10/07 1 58,401 Wheeler 7/85 118,000 Guiberson 09/09 17,500 Black Mountain 7/85 1,025 Source:Cal FIRE 2010. Control=controlled burn *Acres affected=total acreage **Fire occurred in both Ventura and Los Angeles counties. LITIGATION PUNNING-ALL CLIENTS\CALIFORNIA HMPStVENTURq COUNTY OES MMP 2010 UPOgTEW ROATEO VERSION TO OELNER TO CLIENT 10.iS0lUFT VENTURACOUNTY HMP_MAIN BOOV 100]tO.DOC 4-35 88 SECTI®NFOUR hazard ARBIVS13 4.3.10.3 Location Public Resources Code 4201-4204 and Government Code 51175-89 directed Cal FIRE to map areas of significant fire hazards based on fuels,terrain,weather, and other relevant factors. These zones are referred to as Fire Hazard Severity Zones and represented as very high,high and moderate. Specifically,the maps were created using data and models describing development patterns,potential fuels over a 30-50 year time horizon, expected fire behavior,and expected burn probabilities. The maps are divided into "local responsibility areas"and"state responsibility areas". Local responsibility areas generally include cities,cultivated agriculture lands, and portions of the desert. Local responsibility area fire protection is typically provided by city fire departments, fire protection districts, counties, and by Cal FIRE under contract to the local government. State responsibility area is a legal term defining the area where the State has financial responsibility for wildfire protection. Incorporated cities and Federal ownership are not included. The prevention and suppression of fires in all areas that are not state responsibility areas are primarily the responsibility of Federal or local agencies. Figure C-11 displays the areas of Ventura County most susceptible to wildfires. Within the County,zones of very high fire hazard severity are located in mountainous or hillside areas(west of Lake Casitas, northeast of Ojai, north of Fillmore, and surrounding Thousand Oaks and Simi Valley)where the greatest fuel density exists as well as throughout much of the County's large agricultural and cattle-grazing areas. Although these areas are not heavily populated,they are near populated communities. 4.3.10.4 Extent and Probability Future Events The climate in Ventura County is characterized as Mediterranean dry-summer featuring cool, wet winters and warm, dry summers. High moisture levels during the winter rainy season significantly increase the growth of plants. However,the vegetation is dried during the long, hot summers, decreasing plant moisture content and increasing the ratio of dead fuel to living fuel. As a result, fire susceptibility increases dramatically, particularly in late summer and early autumn. In addition,the presence of chaparral, a drought-resistant variety of vegetation that is dependent on occasional wildfires, is expected in Mediterranean dry-summer climates. Also,the history of plant succession in Ventura County is important in predicting fire susceptibility. For several years after a fire has occurred, easily flammable herbaceous species predominate and increase the likelihood of new fires. When woody species become re-established,they contribute to a lower overall level of fire susceptibility for approximately 10 years. However,after this period,the slow aging plant community becomes ever more likely to burn because of increased levels of dead plant material and lowered plant moisture levels. In addition,the local meteorological phenomenon known as the Santa Ana winds contributes to the high incidence of wildfires in Ventura County. These winds originate during the autumn months in the hot, dry interior deserts to the north and east of Ventura County. They often sweep west into the County, bringing extremely dry air and high wind speeds that further desiccate plant communities during the period of the year when the constituent species have very low moisture content. The effect of these winds on existing fires is particularly dangerous; the winds can greatly increase the rate at which fires spread. .LITIGATION PUNNING-RLL CLIENTS\C/LLIFORNIA MMPS\VENNftR COUNTY OES MMP 3010 UPDTEWPATED VERSION TO DELIVEfl TO CLIENT 10.15\MFT VENTIIRRCOUNTY XMP MWN BODY_100]10.DOC 4-36 89 SECRCNFOUR Hazard PA81VSIS Based on the conditions described above and the history of occurrence in the past, future events are very likely to occur. In the past, fires burning over 1,000 acres have occurred about every 1-3 years. The extent of future events will depend on specific conditions at the time of the fire. TiGAT10NPUNNING-ALL DLIENTSICALIFOftNIA MMP5IVENTURA LODHTY OES HMP 1010 UPDATE\UPDATED VERSgN TO DELIVER TO CLIENT l0.i5tpRAFf VENTURA COUNTY NMP_MAIN BODY_10U)t0.00C 4-37 90 This page left intentionally blank 91 SEMI FIVE Vulnerability Analysis 5.1 VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS OVERVIEW A vulnerability analysis predicts the extent of exposure that may result from a hazard event of a given intensity in a given area. The analysis provides quantitative data that may be used to identify and prioritize potential mitigation measures by allowing communities to focus attention on areas with the greatest risk of damage. Per the local mitigation planning requirements,this vulnerability analysis consists of the following seven steps: • Asset inventory • Methodology • Data limitations • Exposure analysis • RL and SRL properties • Summary of impacts Tables that support the asset inventory,exposure analysis,RL properties, and summary of impacts are provided in each local-participant-specific appendix(Appendix G through Appendix X). 5.2 ASSET INVENTORY Assets that were included in this HMP's vulnerability analysis are as follows: • Population(for the unincorporated area of Ventura County and the participating cities) • Residential building stock(for the unincorporated area of Ventura County and the participating cities) • RL properties(for the County of Ventura,the City of Oxnard,the City of Santa Paula, the City of Thousand Oaks, and the City of Ventura) • Critical facilities and infrastructure: - Government facilities for Ventura County and participating cities - Community facilities, including libraries, community centers, and parks - County jails - Emergency response facilities, including police and fire stations - Public hospitals and medical clinics - Public utilities, including pump stations, electric substations, potable water facilities, wastewater facilities, wells, dams, reservoirs,debris basins hydrostations, meter stations, and stream and river gages (including those used for emergency warnings) UM-MITIGATNNPLANNING-ALLCLIENTS%GLIFORNWHMPSkVENTURACOUNTYOESHMP2010UPOATEWPOATMVERSRN TO DELIVER TO CLIENT 10.15OM"VENTURACOUNTYHMP_MAIN BODV_t00110.DOC 5-1 92 SELMINFIVE Vulnembliny Analysis - Educational facilities, including school buildings and district offices - Transportation infrastructure, including airports,transit stations,and County-maintained bridges The total assets inventoried for each local participant are located within the first table of each local-participant-specific appendix(Appendix G through Appendix X). 5.3 METHODOLOGY A conservative exposure-level analysis was conducted to assess the risks associated with the identified hazards. This analysis is a simplified assessment of the potential effects of the hazards on values at risk without consideration of the probability or level of damage. Population and residential building information was derived from HAZUS data at the census block level. HAZUS stands for HAZards United States, and is a geographic information system- based natural hazard loss estimation software package developed and distributed by FEMA. Counts and values per census block come from the 2000 Census. In cases in which the census blocks did not exactly match with city boundaries, a manual process was used to better match population and residential buildings to each city.Population and residential building vulnerability was determined through a combination of spatial overlay,and proportional analysis if only part of the census block was affected by the hazard. The list of critical facilities and infrastructure came from a combination of HAZUS-provided facilities and infrastructure and participant-provided facilities information. The only HAZUS- provided critical facilities and infrastructure used were ones that are directly relevant to the plan. Some of the HAZUS data were modified using an aerial photo to improve the accuracy of their locations. Participant-provided facilities and infrastructure were submitted with either a full street address, latitude and longitude coordinates,or with a verbal description of the location of the facility(e.g., %2 mile west of an intersection). Facilities and infrastructure with a full street address were located through address matching (geocoding) in GIS. Addresses that didn't match were located through Google Earth and then imported into the GIS database. The accuracy of the point location for a critical facility or infrastructure will vary depending on the method used. For example, the latitude and longitude coordinates are very precise,while the address match is less precise. Critical facility point locations were overlaid onto each hazard to determine vulnerability. If the location representing the asset fell within a hazard area, it was counted as impacted. Estimated replacement values were provided by each local participant, if available. If not available, the estimated replacement value was taken from HAZUS for the type or category of facility. For each physical asset located within a hazard area, exposure was calculated by assuming the worst-case scenario (that is,the asset would be completely destroyed and would have to be replaced). The aggregate exposure, in terms of replacement value or insurance coverage, for each category of structure or facility was calculated. A similar analysis was used to evaluate the proportion of the population at risk. However, the analysis simply represents the number of people at risk; no estimate of the number of potential injuries or deaths was prepared. MRIGATION PUNNING-ILLLCLIENTS\CRLIFORNINMPS\VENTURR COUNTYOES HMP2p10lIPoATEWPDATEOVEft510N TO DELIVEF TO CLIENT 10.15\DMFf VENTURACOUNTY HMP M.IN BODT_100J10.DOC ✓-2 93 SEMONFIVE Vulnerabiift Analysis 5.4 DATA LIMITATIONS The vulnerability estimates provided herein use the best data currently available,and the methodologies applied result in an approximation of risk. These estimates may be used to understand relative risk from hazards and potential losses. However, uncertainties are inherent in any loss estimation methodology, arising in part from incomplete scientific knowledge concerning hazards and their effects on the built environment as well as the use of approximations and simplifications that are necessary for a comprehensive analysis. It is also important to note that the quantitative vulnerability assessment results are limited to the exposure of people, buildings, and assets to the identified hazards. It was beyond the scope of this HMP update to develop a more detailed or comprehensive assessment of risk(including annualized losses,people injured or killed, shelter requirements, loss of facility/system function, and economic losses). Such impacts may be addressed with future updates of the HMP. 5.5 EXPOSURE ANALYSIS The recommendations for identifying structures and estimating potential losses, as stipulated in DMA 2000 and its implementing regulations, are described below. DMA 2000 RECOMMENDATIONS:RISK ASSESSMENT Assessing Vulnerability: Identifying Structures Requirement§201.6(c)(2)(ii)(A):The plan should describe vulnerability in terms of the types and numbers of existing and future buildings,infrastructure,and critical facilities located in the identified hazard area. Element • Does the new or updated plan describe vulnerability in terms of the types and numbers of existing buildings, infrastructure,and critical facilities located in the identified hazard areas? • Does the new or updated plan describe vulnerability in terms of the types and numbers of future buildings, infrastructure,and critical facilities located in the identified hazard areas? Source:FEMA 2008. Vulnerable population and existing structures, including residential buildings and critical facilities and infrastructure, at risk to each identified hazard are located in each local-participant- specific appendix(Appendix G through Appendix X). For Ventura County and the participating cities,the exposure analysis was prepared for population, residential buildings, and critical facilities and infrastructure. In addition, for Ventura County and the City of Oxnard, the City of Santa Paula,the City of Thousand Oaks, and the City of Ventura, RL properties are also included in each local participant's analysis. The analysis for each Special District included only the critical facilities and/or infrastructure owned or maintained by the Special District. OMITIGATION PLANNING-hLL CLIENTS\CPIIFORNIP HMPSIVENTURA COUNTY OES HMPMIO UPOATEWPDTEO VERSION TO DELNER TO Cl1ENT 10.15pMFT VENTURA COUNTY HMP MAIN BODY IOOl10.DOO 5-2 94 SEMONFIVE VulnerablINV AN11srs DMA 2000 RECOMMENDATIONS:RISK ASSESSMENT Assessing Vulnerability:Estimating Potential Losses Requirement§201.6(c)(2)(ii)(B): [The plan should describe vulnerability in terms of an]estimate of the potential dollar losses to vulnerable structures identified in paragraph(c)(2)(i)(A)of this section and a description of the methodology used to prepare the estimate. Element • Does the new or updated plan estimate potential dollar losses to vulnerable structures? • Does the new or updated plan reflect changes in development in loss estimates? • Does the new or updated plan describe the methodology used to prepare the estimate? Source:FEMA 2008. The estimated potential dollar losses for residential buildings and critical facilities and infrastructure at risk to each identified hazard are shown in each local-participant-specific appendix(Appendix G through Appendix X). As noted previously, estimated values were provided by the local jurisdiction or HAZUS software, if available. The methodology used to prepare the estimate is described in Section 5.3. 5.6 RL PROPERTIES The requirements for addressing RL properties, as stipulated in DMA 2000 and its implementing regulations, are described below. DMA 2000 REQUIREMENTS: RISK ASSESSMENT Assessing Vulnerability:Addressing Repetitive Loss Properties Requirement§201.6(c)(2)(ii): [The risk assessment]must address NFIP-insured structures that have been repetitively damaged by floods. Element ■ Does the new or updated plan describe vulnerability in terms of the types and numbers of Repetitive Loss properties located in the identified hazard areas? Source:FEMA 2008. There are 61 RL properties, including 3 SRL properties, located in the unincorporated area of Ventura County,6 RL properties in the City of Oxnard, 3 RL properties in the City of Santa Paula, 3 RL properties in the City of Thousand Oaks, and 4 RL properties in the City of Ventura. The majority of these properties are single family homes. A few of the properties are 2-4 family homes and multifamily condos. Information about each RL property, including occupancy type, flood insurance status, flood zone, and number of losses, is located in the local-participant-specific appendix for Ventura County (Appendix G) and the cities of Oxnard (Appendix K), Santa Paula(Appendix M), Thousand Oaks (Appendix N), and Ventura(Appendix O). A RL property map is provided in Appendix C, Figure C-12. This information was obtained using FEMA's SQANet dated April 30, 2010. The VCWPD,the NFIP coordinator for Ventura County, has made revisions to the RL property data for the county, based on the new DFIRM. These revisions have been incorporated into this plan. pMITiGATION PLANNING-ALl C4ENT5\CALIFORNIA HMPS\VENTURA COUNTY OES MMP 1010 UPDATE\l1PDATEI)VERSION TO DELIVER TO CLIENT 10.15\lMl1Fi VENTURA COUNTY HMP_MAIN BODV_100110.DOC 5-4 95 SECTIONFIVE Vuinerabiiiy Anabsis 5.7 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS The requirements for an overview of the vulnerability analysis, as stipulated in DMA 2000 and its implementing regulations,are described below. DMA 2000 REQUIREMENTS:RISK ASSESSMENT Assessing Vulnerability:Overview Requirement§201.6(c)(2)(ii): [The risk assessment shall include a]description of the jurisdiction's vulnerability to the hazards described in paragraph(c)(2)(i)of this section.This description shall include an overall summary of each hazard and its impact on the community. Element • Does the new or updated plan include an overall summary description of the jurisdiction's vulnerability to each hazard? • Does the new or updated plan address the impact of each hazard on the jurisdiction? Source:FEMA 2008. The summary of impacts(i.e.,percentage at risk) for the population, residential buildings, and critical facilities and infrastructure at risk to each identified hazard are shown in each local- participant specific appendix(Appendix G through Appendix X) for Ventura County and each participating city. For special districts, the analysis only includes the critical facilities owned or maintained by the Special District. Based on the 2010 HMP's hazard analysis and vulnerability analysis as well previous State and Presidential Disaster Declarations in Ventura County, the County is most vulnerable to earthquakes,coastal and riverine flood hazards, geologic hazards, and wildfire hazards. • Nearly the entire County is located within high and extreme shaking hazard areas. The extreme shaking hazard areas include the central and northern portions of Ventura County, where all but three cities(Simi Valley, Thousand Oaks, and Port Hueneme) are located. As a result,the intense shaking that the County could experience may compromise modern buildings and infrastructure. • Riverine and coastal flooding is prevalent within the three Ventura County watersheds (Ventura River, Santa Clara River, and Calleguas Creek) and along the county's coastline. Ventura County and all of the cities have SFHAs. However, flood risks are minimal in the cities of Ojai, Thousand Oaks, and Ventura. • All but the three watershed areas are susceptible to landslide hazards. These hilly or mountainous areas include the northern, eastern, and southern portion of the County, including portion of the cities of Fillmore, Moorpark, Ojai, Santa Paula, Simi Valley, Thousand Oaks, and Ventura. The watersheds,and specifically the broad coastal plains, are susceptible to liquefaction. Only a very small portion of the cities of Ojai and Thousand Oaks are susceptible to liquefaction while several areas if not all areas of the other cities are susceptible to liquefaction. • Very high fire hazard areas are located in mountainous or hillside areas of the Los Padres National Forest in the northern half of the County and throughout much of the County's large agricultural and cattle-grazing areas in the eastern and southern portions of the County. Although these wildfire hazard areas are not heavily populated, the majority of the cities DMITIGATION PLANNING-ALLDLIENTSICALIFORHIA HMPSIVENTVRACOUNTYOES HMP2010 UPDATE\UPDATED VERSION TO DELIVER TO CLIENT 10151DMFi VENTURA COUNTY HMP_MAIN DODY tOp]tU.DOC J-J 96 SEMINFIVE YulnerabliNy Analysis (with the exception of Camarillo, Oxnard, and Port Hueneme)and several towns within the unincorporated County are located along the wildland urban interface,where the built environment meets the wildland. D ✓-6 97 SEMONSIX Capability Assessment 6.1 CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT OVERVIEW A capability assessment is not required by the DMA 2000 for local jurisdictions and special districts. However, it is recommended by CalEMA. A capability assessment identifies and evaluates the human and technical, financial, and legal and regulatory resources available for hazard mitigation,and describes the current, ongoing, and recently completed mitigation projects. 6.2 CALEMA CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT RECOMMENDATIONS The recommendations for developing a local capability assessment, as stipulated in DMA 2000 and its implementing regulations,are described below. DMA 2000 RECOMMENDATIONS: LOCAL CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT Local Capability Assessment Element • Does the new or updated plan provide a description of the human and technical resources available within this jurisdiction to engage in a mitigation planning process and to develop a local hazard mitigation plan? • Does the new or updated plan list local mitigation financial resources and funding sources(such as taxes,fees, assessments or fines)which promote mitigation within the reporting jurisdiction? • Does the new or updated plan list local ordinances which affect or promote disaster mitigation,preparedness, response,or recovery within the reporting jurisdiction? • Does the new or updated plan describe the details of in-progress,ongoing,or completed mitigation projects and programs within the reporting jurisdiction? Source:FEMA 2008. Similar to the 2005 HMP,the human and technical, financial, and legal and regulatory resources are discussed in each local-participant-specific appendix(Appendix G through Appendix X). In addition,the 2010 HMP lists the current, ongoing, and completed mitigation projects and programs. This information can also be found in each local-participant-specific appendix (Appendix G through Appendix X). DMITIGATION PUNNING-ALLCLIENTS\CALIFORNIA HMPS\VEH1-COUNTY OES MMP2010 UPOATE\UPOATEO VER310N TO-1-TO CME 10.15NRRFT VENTURA COUNTY NMP MAIN BODY 100]10.00C V-1 98 This page left intentionally blank 99 SEMINSEVEN miinyation Strategy 7.1 MITIGATION STRATEGY OVERVIEW A mitigation strategy includes the identification of mitigation goals and actions that will reduce the risks of each hazard and vulnerability to the local population and built environment for each local participant. Per the local mitigation planning requirements,this mitigation strategy consists of the following four steps: • Local hazard mitigation goals • Identification and analysis of mitigation actions • Implementation of mitigation actions • Identification and analysis of mitigation actions for NFIP compliance 7.2 MITIGATION GOALS The requirements for developing local hazard mitigation goals,as stipulated in DMA 2000 and its implementing regulations, are described below. DMA 2000 REQUIREMENTS: MITIGATION STRATEGY Local Hazard Mitigation Goals Requirement§201.6(c)(3)(i): [The hazard mitigation strategy shall include a]description of mitigation goals to reduce or avoid long-term vulnerabilities to the identified hazards. Element ■ Does the new or updated plan include a description of mitigation goals to reduce or avoid long-term vulnerabilities to the identified hazards? Source:FEMA 2008. Mitigation goals are defined as general guidelines that explain what a community wants to achieve in terms of hazard and loss prevention. Goal statements are typically long-range, policy- oriented statements representing community-wide vision. For the 2010 HMP,the consultant and Planning Committee developed one goal for each identified hazard. As shown in Table 7-1,these goals are agricultural biological; earthquake; flooding(riverine and coastal flooding, dam failure, and levee failure); geological (liquefaction and landslide);post-fire debris flow; severe winter storm; tsunami; and wildfire. DMITIGATION PLANNING-ALLCLIENT5ICALIPORNIA HMPS\VENTURACOVNTV OES HMPIOt0UP0ATEWPDATEO VERSgN TOOELIVER TO CLIENT 10.150RAFf VENTURACOUNTVHMP MAINBOOY t00710D 7-1 100 SELMINSEVEN Miitiyauen Sway Table 7-1.Mitigation Goals Goal Number Goal Description I Reduce the possibility of damages and losses due to agricultural biological hazards. 2 Reduce the possibility of damages and losses due to earthquakes. 3 Reduce the possibility of damages and losses due to flooding,including riverine and coastal flooding,dam failure,and levee failure. 4 Reduce the possibility of damages and losses due to geological hazards,including liquefaction and landslide. 5 Reduce the possibility of damages and losses due to post-fire debris flow. 6 Reduce the possibility of damages and losses due to severe winter storm. Reduce the possibility of damages and losses due to severe tsunami. Reduce the possibility of damages and losses due to severe wildfires. 7.3 IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF MITIGATION ACTIONS The requirements for the identification and analysis of mitigation actions, as stipulated in DMA 2000 and its implementing regulations, are described below. DMA 2000 REQUIREMENTS: MITIGATION STRATEGY Identification and Analysis of Mitigation Actions Requirement§201.6(c)(3)(ii): [The mitigation strategy shall include a]section that identifies and analyzes a comprehensive range of specific mitigation actions and projects being considered to reduce the effects of each hazard,with particular emphasis on new and existing buildings and infrastructure. Element • Does the plan identify and analyze a comprehensive range of specific mitigation actions and projects for each hazard? • Do the identified actions and projects address reducing the effects of hazards on new buildings and infrastructure? • Do the identified actions and projects address reducing the effects of hazards on existing buildings and infrastructure? • Does the mitigation strategy identify actions related to the participation in and continued compliance with the NFIP? Source:FEMA 2008. Mitigation actions are activities,measures, and/or projects that help achieve the goals of a mitigation plan. Mitigation actions are usually grouped into six broad categories: prevention, property protection,public education and awareness, natural resource protection, emergency services, and structural projects. In the 2005 HMP, the Planning Committee developed overarching mitigation actions to be applied throughout the county. In addition, each local participant identified other jurisdiction- specific mitigation actions by reviewing existing resources, identifying past success stories and best management practices, and soliciting input from pertinent departments including planning, OMITIGATiON PUNNING.ALL CLIENTS\CFIIFORNIA HMPS\VENTURN COUNTY OES HMPl0f0 UPDATE\UPDFTED VEPSION TO DELIVER TO CLIENT IO.IS�DfiAFT YENTUR.COUNTY NMP_MNIN BOOV_100]10.DOC 7-2 101 SECTI®NSEVEN NW98den 3=09V public works,and emergency management staff.As a result of both mitigation action identification processes,each local participant developed several dozen mitigation actions. During the 2010 HMP update process,the Planning Committee reviewed the 2005 HMP mitigation strategy. This process revealed that the majority of the mitigation actions identified in the 2005 HMP were not suitable to be included in the 2010 HMP for the following reasons: • Mitigation actions were ineligible for FEMA funding • Mitigation actions were emergency response,preparedness, and/or recovery focused rather than mitigation focused • Mitigation actions were not well defined • Mitigation actions were not stand-alone projects • Mitigation actions were continued-compliance and/or maintenance focused As such, for the 2010 HMP,the consultant, with input from the Planning Committee, developed a handful of new mitigation actions based on the 2010 HMP's hazard analysis,vulnerability analysis, and capability assessments. The list of potential mitigation actions in the 2010 HMP was condensed so local participants would focus their attention and effort on projects that would likely be implemented over the next 5 years (the lifespan of the 2010 HMP). Criteria considered for the development of the new mitigation actions included the following: • Mitigation action must be mitigation-focused (as opposed to response,recovery, and preparedness-driven) • Mitigation action must meet the 2011 HMA Unified Guidance project criteria eligibility • Mitigation action must address the DMA 2000 requirements for the identification and analysis of mitigation actions • Mitigation actions must address the 2010 HMP vulnerability analysis results In addition to the 20 potential mitigation actions developed for the local participants,the consultant asked each local participant to review his/her 2005 HMP mitigation strategy with staff from other relevant departments and agencies within his/her jurisdiction and reselect mitigation actions and/or develop new mitigation actions specific to mitigating a hazard in his/her jurisdiction. As shown below, for each potential mitigation action,the following information is listed: mitigation action description; mitigation action category; hazard(s) addressed;and type of development affected by mitigation action. As noted above,the first 20 potential mitigation actions were developed by the consultant and the Planning Committee. Additional mitigation actions reselected and/or added by a local participant and supporting staff are located in his/her local-participant-specific appendix(Appendix G through Appendix X). DMITIGATION PUNNING.AL CLIENTS\GALIFO...HM /-J 102 SECTIONSEVEN Mitigation Strategy Table 7-2. Potential Mitigation Actions No. Description Mitigation Category Hazard Addressed New or Existing Construction 1 Create a GIS-based pre-application review for new Property protection All New construction and major remodels in hazard areas,such levee break,high and/or very high danger wildfire areas. 2 Integrate the 2010 HMP,in particular the hazard analysis Property protection All New/existing and mitigation strategy sections,into local planning documents,including general plans,emergency operations plans,and capital improvement plans. 3 Seismic structural retrofit of or replacement of County Property protection, Earthquakes Existing—County and local and local ramps and bridges that are categorized as structural project ramps and bridges identified by structurally deficient by Caltrans,are located in an Caltrans as structurally deficient extreme ground shaking areas,and/or are necessary for or located within an extreme first responders to use during an emergency. round shaking area. 4 Stabilize landslide-prone areas through stability Prevention,property Geologic(landslide and New/existing improvement measures,including interceptor drains,in protection liquefaction) situ soil piles,drained earth buttresses,and subdrains. 5 Acquire,relocate,or elevate residential structures,in Property protection Flooding(coastal and Existing—residential structures, particular those that have been identified as RL riverine) including RL properties,within properties,within the 100-year floodplain. the 100-year floodplain. 6 Acquire,relocate,elevate,and/or floodproof critical Property protection Flooding(coastal and Existing-critical facilities within facilities within the 100-year floodplain. riverine) the 100-year floodplain. 7 Reinforce County and local ramps,bridges,and roads Property protection, Flooding(coastal and Existing—County and local from flooding through protection activities,which may structural project riverine) ramps,bridges,and roads include elevating the road and installing culverts beneath identified in the 100-year the road or building a bridge across the area that floodplain. experiences regular flooding. 8 Work with FEMA Region 9 to address any floodplain All Flooding(coastal and New/existing properties within management issues that may have arisen/arise from the riverine) the County and cities. countywide DFIRM,Community Assessment Visits, and/or DWR. UmYAHAZARD MITIGATION PLANNING-ALLCLIENTS\CALIFORNIA HMPS\VENTURA COUNTY DES HMP2010 UPDATE\UPDATED VERSION TO DELIVER TO CLIENT 10.15%DRAFTVENTURACOUNTY HMPMAIN9OOY 100T10.GGC 7-4 CD W SECTIONSEVEN Mitigation Strategy Table 7-2. Potential Mitigation Actions No. Description Mitigation Category Hazard Addressed New or Existing Construction 9 Increase participation in the NFIP by entering the Prevention,property Flooding(coastal and New/existing—County and cities Community Rating System program,which through protection riverine) that have RL properties.In enhanced floodplain management activities would allow particular,residential structures property owners to receive a discount on their flood and critical facilities within the insurance. 100- ear flood lain. 10 Seismic non-structural and structural retrofit of critical Property protection Earthquake Existing—critical facilities and facilities and infrastructure. infrastructure in areas that are vulnerable to high to extreme round in g. 11 Manage vegetation in areas within and adjacent to rights- Prevention,property Severe winter storm Existing—critical facilities in of-way and in close proximity to critical facilities to protection,natural (severe wind) areas that experience severe reduce the risk of tree failure and property damage and resource protection wind. avoid creation of wind acceleration corridors within vegetated areas. 12 Develop a free annual tree chipping and tree pick-up day Property protection Severe winter storm Existing—residential buildings that encourages residents living in very high and high (severe wind) that experience severe wind. severe wind hazard areas to manage trees and shrubs at risk of falling on nearby structures 13 Bolt down the roofs of critical facilities to prevent wind Property protection Severe winter storm Existing—critical facilities in damage. (severe wind) areas that experience severe wind. 14 Participate in the NOAA Tsunami Ready Program. Public outreach Tsunami New and existing—residential buildings and critical facilities and infrastructure in the tsunami inundation area. 15 Implement better record keeping measures on the part of Prevention Agricultural biological Not applicable. food processors and handlers 16 Implement a fuel reduction program,such as the Prevention,property Wildfire Existing—critical facilities and collection and disposal of dead fuel,within open spaces protection,natural residential structures within an and around critical facilities and residential structures resource protection SRA or LRA high or very high within an SRA or LRA high or very high wildfire zone. wildfire zone. umYAHAZARD MITIGATION PLAN RING-ALL CLIENTS\CALIFORNIA HMPS\VENTURACOUNTY DES HMP2010 UPDATE\UPDATEDVER SION TO DELIVER TO CLIENT 10.15\DRAFT VENTURA COUNTY HMPMAIN BODY1WT10.DOC 7-S II-- SECTIONSEVEN Mitigation Strategy Table 7-2. Potential Mitigation Actions No. Description Mitigation Category Hazard Addressed New or Existing Construction 17 Create a vegetation management program that provides Property Protection Wildfire Existing vegetation management services to elderly,disabled,or low-income property owners who lack the resources to remove flammable vegetation around their homes. 18 Implement post-fire debris flow hillslope and channel Prevention,property Post-fire debris flow Existing treatments,such as seeding,mulching,check dams,and protection debris racks,as needed. 19 Encourage property owners in the dam or levee Property protection Flooding(levee and Existing inundation hazard areas to purchase voluntary flood dam failure) insurance. 20 Implement a fuel modification program,which includes Prevention,property Wildfire New/existing—focus should be residential maintenance requirements and enforcement, protection on residential buildings in the plan submittal and approval process, high and very high wildfire areas. guidelines for planting,and a listing of undesirable plant species.Require builders and developers to submit their plans,complete with proposed fuel modification zones,to the local fire department for review and approval before beginning construction. 21 Local-participant-specific mitigation action* 22 Local-participant-specific mitigation action* 23 Local-participant-specific mitigation action* 24 Local-participant-specific mitigation action* 25 Local-participant-specific mitigation action* *For local participants that reselected mitigation actions identified in their 2005 mitigation strategy or identified mitigation actions not itemized in Table 7-2.Applicable local- participant-specific mitigation actions are shown in each local-participant-specific appendix(Appendix G through Appendix X). DFIRM=Digital Flood Insurance Rate Map LRA=Local Responsibility Area DWR=California Department of Water Resources NFIP=National Flood Insurance Program FEMA=Federal Emergency Management Agency NOAA=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration GIS=Geographic Information System RL=repetitive loss HMP=Hazard Mitigation Plan SRA=State Responsibility Area TRRS Y'.\HAZARD MITIGATION PLANN ING-ALL CLIENTS\CALIFORNIAHMPSWENTURACOUNTY OES HMP2010 UPDATEIUPDATEO VERSION TO DELIVER TO CLIENT 10.15ORAFT VENTURA COUNTY HMPMAIN 1100Y100T10.DOC 7-6 U-1' SEMINSEVEN mitigation Strategy 7.4 IMPLEMENTATION OF MITIGATION ACTIONS The requirements for the evaluation and prioritization of mitigation actions, as stipulated in DMA 2000 and its implementing regulations, are described below. DMA 2000 REQUIREMENTS: MITIGATION STRATEGY Implementation of Mitigation Actions Requirement:§201.6(c)(3)(iii): [The mitigation strategy section shall include]an action plan describing how the actions identified in section(c)(3)(ii)will be prioritized,implemented,and administered by the local jurisdiction. Prioritization shall include a special emphasis on the extent to which benefits are maximized according to a cost benefit review of the proposed projects and their associated costs. Element ■ Does the new or updated mitigation strategy include how the actions are prioritized?(For example,is there a discussion of the process and criteria used?) ■ Does the new or updated mitigation strategy address how the actions will be implemented and administered? (For example,does it identify the responsible department,existing and potential resources,and timeframe?) ■ Does the new or updated prioritization process include an emphasis on the use of a cost-benefit review to maximize benefits? Source:FEMA 2008. After the list of potential mitigation actions had been developed, each plan participant, along with staff from other relevant departments/agencies within his/her jurisdiction,evaluated and prioritized the potential mitigation actions to determine which mitigation actions would be included in his/her local-participant-specific mitigation action plan. Only mitigation actions that met at least four or more of prioritization criteria listed below was included in the mitigation action plan. Criteria considered for this evaluation process included: 1. Current or potential support from the plan participant 2. Plan participant department or agency champion 3. Ability to be implemented during the 5-year lifespan of the HMP 4. Ability to reduce expected future damages and losses(cost-benefit) 5. Mitigates a high-risk hazard or multiple hazards Each local participant's mitigation action plan is included in the local-participant-specific appendix(Appendix G through Appendix X). Each mitigation action plan includes: a description of each mitigation action; prioritization criteria selected(numbers 1-5, as shown above); potential facility to be mitigated(if known); responsible department or agency; potential funding source; and implementation timeframe. 7.5 IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF MITIGATION ACTIONS: NFIP COMPLIANCE The requirements for the identification and analysis of mitigation actions:NFIP compliance, as stipulated in DMA 2000 and its implementing regulations, are described below. DMITIGATION PLANNING-ALL LLIENT5ICALIFORNIA HMPS\VENTURA COUNTY OES HMP IOtO UPDATE\UPDATEL]VERSbN TO L1ELNEft TO CLIENT 10.15LL1RAFT VENT........HMP_MIVN BODY_100"/tO.DOC /-/ 106 SEMINSEVEN N1110 on Strategy DMA 2000 REQUIREMENTS: MITIGATION STRATEGY Identification and Analysis of Mitigation Actions:NFIP Compliance Requirement§201.6(c)(3)(ii): [The mitigation strategy]must also address the jurisdiction's participation in the National Flood Insurance Program and continued compliance with NFIP requirements,as appropriate. Element ■ Does the new or updated plan describe the jurisdiction(s)participation in the NFIP? ■ Does the mitigation strategy identify,analyze,and prioritize actions related to continued compliance with the NFIP. Source:FEMA 2008. As noted in Section 4.3.4, Ventura County and all of its cities participate in the NFIP. Table 4-3 lists the following for each NFIP participant: date of initially mapped FIRM; emergency/regular NFIP entrance date; number of flood policies in force. As of September 2010, Ventura County nor any of its cities are participants of the Community Rating System(CRS)program. The VCWPD, which administers the NFIP for Ventura County, is currently seeking entrance into the CRS program. Mitigation actions#8 and#9 in Table 7-2 address the continued compliance with the NFIP. These projects were analyzed and prioritized each NFIP participant in the local-participant- specific mitigation action plan(Appendix G through Appendix X), as necessary. UM.MITIGATION PLANNING-ALL CLIENTS\CAIFORNIA HMPSIVENTURA COUNTY OESHMP 2.1.UPDATE.PDATED VE RSION TODELIVER TO CLIENT-1-1 VENTURA COUNTYHMP_MAIN SODY_1Wim-C 7-8 107