Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutAGENDA REPORT 2016 0120 CCSA REG ITEM 08A ITEM 8.A. CITY OF MOORPARK,CALIFORNIA City Council Meeting of `oZD -olteio ACTION: (hilSo BY: k1h MOORPARK CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT TO: Honorable City Council FROM: David A. Bobardt, Community Development Director DATE: January 11, 2016 (CC Meeting of 1/20/2016) SUBJECT: Consider Ordinance Approving Zoning Ordinance Amendment No. 2015-02, an Amendment to Sections 17.20.050 (Permitted Uses in Open Space, Agricultural, Residential, and Special Purpose Zones) and 17.20.060 (Permitted Uses in Commercial and Industrial Zones) of Chapter 17.20 (Uses by Zone) of Title 17, (Zoning) of the Moorpark Municipal Code to Regulate Mobile Delivery of Marijuana and Medical Marijuana in All Zones and Determination That This Action Is Exempt from the California Environmental Quality Act BACKGROUND/DISCUSSION On December 16, 2015, the City Council took the first step in approving an amended Zoning Ordinance Amendment No. 2015-01 by introducing Ordinance No. 436 to prohibit the cultivation of marijuana and medical marijuana in all zones. At the meeting, the City Council asked staff to return with more information on the mobile delivery of medical marijuana at its January 20, 2016 meeting. Specific questions included: • How is "Primary Caregiver" defined and how is one designated? • What qualifications are needed for one to be a primary caregiver? • Does State law allow for anyone other than a primary caregiver to purchase medical marijuana for a qualified patient? • How can a spouse of a qualified patient obtain medical marijuana for the patient and would that be prohibited by the proposed "delivery" ban? How is `Primary Caregiver"defined and how is one designated? As part of the Compassionate Use Act of 1996, Health and Safety Code Section 11362.5(e) was added to include the following definition of primary caregiver: 1 Honorable City Council January 20, 2016 . Page 2 For the purposes of this section, ''primary caregiver'' means the individual designated by the person exempted under this section who has consistently assumed responsibility for the housing, health, or safety of that person. As part of the Medical Marijuana Program Act (Senate Bill 420), which became law on January 1, 2004, Health and Safety Code Section 11362.?(d) was added to provide the following expanded definition of primary caregiver for purposes of defining eligibility for a medical marijuana identification card: "Primary caregiver'' means the individual, designated by a qualified patient or by a person with an identification card, who has consistently assumed responsibility for the housing, health,· or safety of that patient or person, and may include any of the following: (1) In any case in which a qualified patient or person with an identification card receives medical care or supportive services, or both, from a clinic licensed pursuant to Chapter 1 (commencing with Section 1200) of Division 2, a health care facility licensed pursuant to Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 1250) of Division 2, a residential care facility for persons with chronic life-threatening illness licensed pursuant to Chapter 3. 01 (commencing with Section 1568.01) of Division 2, a residential care facility for the elderly licensed pursuant to Chapter 3. 2 (commencing with Section 1569) of Division 2, a hospice, or a home health agency licensed pursuant to Chapter 8 (commencing with Section 1725) of Division 2, the owner or operator, or no more than three employees who are designated by the owner or operator, of the clinic, facility, hospice, or home health agency, if designated as a primary caregiver by that qualified patient or person with an identification card. (2) An individual who has been designated as a primary caregiver by more than one qualified patient or person with an identification card, if every qualified patient or person with an identification card who has designated that individual as a primary caregiver resides in the same city or county as the primary caregiver. (3) An individual who has been designated as a primary caregiver by a qualified patient or person with an identification card who resides in a city or county other than that of the primary caregiver, if the individual has not been designated as a primary caregiver by any other qualified patient or person with an identification card. As noted above, the primary caregiver is designated by the qualified patient as such. What qualifications are needed for one to be a primary caregiver? Health and Safety Code Section 11362.?(e) states: A primary caregiver shall be at least 18 years of age, unless the primary caregiver is the parent of a minor child who is a qualified patient or a person with an identification card or the primary caregiver is a person otherwise entitled to make medical decisions under state law pursuant to Sections 6922, 7002, 7050, or 7120 of the Family Code. Does State law allow for anyone other than a primary caregiver to purchase medical marijuana for a qualifie_d patient? 2 Honorable City Council January 20, 2016 Page 3 The Compassionate Use Act of 1996 (Health and Safety Code Sections 11362.5 (d) specifically exempts qualified patients and primary caregivers from laws prohibiting the possession of marijuana as follows: Section 11357, relating to the possession of marijuana, and Section 11358, relating to the cultivation of marijuana, shall not apply to a patient, or to a patient's primary caregiver, who possesses or cultivates marijuana for the personal medical purposes of the patient upon the written or oral recommendation or approval of a physician. In addition, Health and Safety Codes Section 11362.765 states: (a) Subject to the requirements of this article, the individuals specified in subdivision (b) shall not be subject, on that sole basis, to criminal liability under Section 11357, 11358, 11359, 11360, 11366, 11366. 5, or 11570. However, nothing in this section shall authorize the individual to smoke or otherwise consume marijuana unless otherwise authorized by this article, nor shall anything in this section authorize any individual or group to cultivate or distribute marijuana for profit. (b) Subdivision (a) shall apply to all of the following: (1) A qualified patient or a person with an identification card who transports or processes marijuana for his or her own personal medical use. (2) A designated primary caregiver who transports, processes, administers, delivers, or gives away marijuana for medical purposes, in amounts not exceeding those established in subdivision (a) of Section 11362. 77, only to the qualified patient of the primary caregiver, or to the person with an identification card who has designated the individual as a primary caregiver. (3) Any individual who provides assistance to a qualified patient or a person with an identification card, or his or her designated primary caregiver, in administering medical marijuana to the qualified patient or person or acquiring the skills necessary to cultivate or administer marijuana for medical purposes to the qualified patient or person. (c) A primary caregiver who receives compensation for actual expenses, including reasonable compensation incurred for services provided to an eligible qualified patient or person with an identification card to enable that person to use marijuana under this article, or for payment for out-of-pocket expenses incurred in providing those services, or both, shall not, on the sole basis of that fact, be subject to prosecution or punishment under Section 11359 or 11360. The Medical Marijuana identification card program for qualified patients and primary caregivers assists in determining whether one is able to obtain and transport medical marijuana under the Compassionate Use Act, but an identification card is not required under State law. Additional guidance on these questions is provided from the California Attorney General's office (Attachment 1 ). The draft ordinance provided for Council consideration (Attachment 2) specifically exempts deliveries by primary caregivers from the prohibition on mobile deliveries. 3 Honorable City Council January 20, 2016 Page4 How can a spouse of a qualified patient obtain medical marijuana for the patient and would that be prohibited by the proposed "delivery" ban? Based on the information above and the exception in the Ordinance, a spouse of a qualified patient who is the patient's primary caregiver (and may register as such), could obtain and deliver marijuana to his or her spouse using his or her primary caregiver designation. That type of primary caregiver delivery to ·the qualified patient is not the type of commercial delivery activity that would be precluded by the Ordinance. On November 24, 2015, the Planning Commission reviewed the draft ordinance and adopted Resolution No. PC-2015-606, recommending the approval of the language in the proposed ordinance as Part of Zoning Ordinance Amendment No. 2015-01. The language in this ordinance had also been reviewed by the City Attorney. In discussing the matter with the City Attorney, it was determined that Zoning Ordinance Amendment No. 2015-02 did not need to go back to the Planning Commission for review since the Planning Commission already considered the language in this Ordinance through a public hearing process when it considered Zoning Ordinance Amendment No. 2015-01. FISCAL IMPACT None. ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINATION The Director has reviewed this project and found it to qualify for a General Rule Exemption in accordance with Section 15061 of California Code of Regulations (CEQA Guidelines), in that there would not be a physical change to any existing land uses in Moorpark as a result of this ordinance. No further environmental documentation is required. NOTICING The notice of the public hearing was published in the Ventura County Star in a 1/8 page ad on January 10, 2016. STAFF RECOMMENDATION 1. Open the public hearing, accept public testimony and close the public hearing. 2. Introduce Ordinance No. __ , approving Zoning Ordinance Amendment No. 2015-02, for first reading, waive full reading, and place this ordinance on the agenda for February 3, 2016 for purposes of providing second reading and adoption of the ordinance. ATTACHMENTS: 1. Attorney General Guidelines 2. Draft Ordinance 4 EDMUND G. BROWN JR Attorney General DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE State of California GUIDELINES FOR THE SECURITY AND NON-DIVERSION OF MARIJUANA GROWN FOR MEDICAL USE August 2008 In 1996, California voters approved an initiative that exempted certain patients and their primary caregivers from criminal liability under state law for the possession and cultivation of marijuana. In 2003, the Legislature enacted additional legislation relating to medical marijuana. One of those statutes requires the Attorney General to adopt "guidelines to ensure the security and nondiversion of marijuana grown for medical use." (Health & Saf. Code,§ l 1362.8l(d).1) To fulfill this mandate, this Office is issuing the following guidelines to ( l) ensure that marijuana grown for medical purposes remains secure and does not find its way to non-patients or illicit markets, (2) help law enforcement agencies perform their duties effectively and in accordance with California law, and (3) help patients and primary caregivers understand how they may cultivate, transport, possess, and use medical marijuana under California law. I. SUMMARY OF APPLICABLE LAW A. California Penal Provisions Relating to Marijuana. The possession, sale, cultivation, or transportation of marijuana is ordinarily a crime under California law. (See, e.g., § 11357 [possession of marijuana is a misdemeanor]; § 11358 [cultivation of marijuana is a felony]; Yeh. Code,§ 23222 [possession of less than l oz. of marijuana while driving is a misdemeanor];§ 11359 [possession with intent to sell any amount of marijuana is a felony];§ 11360 [transporting, selling, or giving away marijuana in California is a felony; under 28.5 grams is a misdemeanor];§ 11361 [selling or · distributing marijuana to minors, or using a minor to transport, sell, or give away marijuana, is a felony].) B. Proposition 215 -The Compassionate Use Act of 1996. On November 5, 1996, California voters passed Proposition 215, which decriminalized the . cultivation and use of marijuana by seriously ill individuals upon a physician's recommendation. (§ 11362.5.) Proposition 215 was enacted to "ensure that seriously ill Californians have the right to obtain and use marijuana for medical purposes where that medical use is deemed appropriate and has been recommended by a physician who has determined that the person's health would benefit from the use of marijuana," and to "ensure that patients and their primary caregivers who obtain and use marijuana for Unless otherwise noted, all statutory references are to the Health & Safety Code. - l - CC ATTACHMENT 1 5 medical purposes upon the recommendation of a physician are not subject to criminal prosecution or sanction." (§ I I 362.5(b )(I )(A)-(B).) The Act further states that "Section 11357, relating to the possession of marijuana, and Section 11358, relating to the cultivation of marijuana, shall not apply to a patient, or to a patient's primary caregiver, who possesses or cultivates marijuana for the personal medical purposes of the patient upon the written or verbal recommendation or approval of a physician." (§ 11362.5(d).) Courts have found an implied defense to the transportation of medical marijuana when the "quantity transported and the method, timing and distance of the transportation are reasonably related to the patient's current medical needs." (People v. Trippet ( 1997) 56 Cal.App.4th 1532, 1551.) C. Senate Bill 420 -The Medical Marijuana Program Act. On January 1, 2004, Senate Bill 420, the Medical Marijuana Program Act (MMP), became law. (§§ 11362.7-11362.83.) The MMP, among other things, requires the California Department of Public Health (DPH) to establish and maintain a program for the voluntary registration of qualified medical marijuana patients and their primary caregivers through a statewide identification card system. Medical marijuana identification cards are intended to help law enforcement officers identify and verify that cardholders are able to cultivate, possess, and transport certain amounts of marijuana without being subject to arrest under specific conditions. (§§ I 1362.7l(e), 11362.78.) It is mandatory that all counties participate in the identification card program by (a) providing applications upon request to individuals seeking to join the identification card program; (b) processing completed applications; (c) maintaining certain records; (d) following state implementation protocols; and (e) issuing DPH identification cards to approved applicants and designated primary caregivers. (§ I 1362.71(b).) Participation by patients and primary caregivers in the identification card program is voluntary. However, because identification cards offer the holder protection from arrest, are issued only after verification of the cardholder's status as a qualified patient or primary caregiver, and are immediately verifiable online or via telephone, they represent one of the best ways to ensure the security and non-diversion of marijuana grown for medical use. In addition to establishing the identification card program, the MMP also defines certain terms, sets possession guidelines for cardholders, and recognizes a qualified right to collective and cooperative cultivation of medical marijuana. (§§ 11362.7, 11362.77, 11362.775.) D. Taxability of Medical Marijuana Transactions. In February 2007, the California State Board of Equalization (BOE) issued a Special Notice confirming its policy of taxing medical marijuana transactions, as well as its requirement that businesses engaging in such transactions hold a Seller's Permit. (http://www.boe.ca.gov/news/pdf/medseller2007.pdf.) According to the Notice, having a Seller's Permit does not allow individuals to make unlawful sales, but instead merely provides a way to remit any sales and use taxes due. BOE further clarified its policy in a - 2 - 6 June 2007 Special Notice that addressed several frequently asked questions concerning taxation of medical marijuana transactions. (http://www.boe.ca.gov/news/pdf/173.pdf.) E. Medical Board of California. The Medical Board of California licenses, investigates, and disciplines California physicians. (Bus. & Prof. Code, § 2000, et seq.) Although state law prohibits punishing a physician simply for recommending marijuana for treatment of a serious medical condition (§ 11362.5( c )), the Medical Board can and does take disciplinary action against physicians who fail to comply with accepted medical standards when recommending marijuana. In a May 13, 2004 press release, the Medical Board clarified that these accepted standards are the same ones that a reasonable and prudent physician would follow when recommending or approving any medication. They include the following: I. Taking a history and conducting a good faith examination of the patient; 2. Developing a treatment plan with objectives; 3. Providing informed consent, including discussion of side effects; 4. Periodically reviewing the treatment's efficacy; 5. Consultations, as necessary; and 6. Keeping proper records supporting the decision to recommend the use of medical marijuana. (http://www.mbc.ca.gov/board/media/releases _ 2004 _ 05-13 _marijuana.html.) Complaints about physicians should be addressed to the Medical Board (l-800-633-2322 or www.mbc.ca.gov), which investigates and prosecutes alleged licensing violations in conjunction with the Attorney General's Office. F. The Federal Controlled Substances Act. Adopted in 1970, the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) established a federal regulatory system designed to combat recreational drug abuse by making it unlawful to manufacture, distribute, dispense, or possess any controlled substance. (21 U.S.C. § 80 I, et seq.; Gonzales v. Oregon (2006) 546 U.S. 243, 271-273.) The CSA reflects the federal government's view that marijuana is a drug with "no currently accepted medical use." (21 U.S.C. § 812(b)(I).) Accordingly, the manufacture, distribution, or possession of marijuana is a federal criminal offense. (Id. at§§ 841 (a)(I ), 844(a).) The incongruity between federal and state law has given rise to understandable confusion, but no legal conflict exists merely because state law and federal law treat marijuana differently. Indeed, California's medical marijuana laws have been challenged unsuccessfully in court on the ground that they are preempted by the CSA. (County of San Diego v. San Diego NORML (July 31, 2008) ---Cal.Rptr.3d ---, 2008 WL 2930117.) Congress has provided that states are free to regulate in the area of controlled substances, including marijuana, provided that state law does not positively conflict with the CSA. (21 U.S.C. § 903.) Neither Proposition 215, nor the MMP, conflict with the CSA because, in adopting these laws, California did not "legalize" medical marijuana, but instead exercised the state's reserved powers to not punish certain marijuana offenses under state law when a physician has recommended its use to treat a serious medical condition. (See City of Garden Grove v. Superior Court (Kha) (2007) 157 Cal.App.4th 355, 371-373, 381-382.) - 3 - 7 In light of California's decision to remove the use and cultivation of physician- recommended marijuana from the scope of the state's drug laws, this Office recommends that state and local law enforcement officers not arrest individuals or seize marijuana under federal law when the officer determines from the facts available that the cultivation, possession, or transportation is permitted under California's medical marijuana laws. II. DEFINITIONS A. Physician's Recommendation: Physicians may not prescribe marijuana because the federal Food and Drug Administration regulates prescription drugs and, under the CSA, marijuana is a Schedule I drug, meaning that it has no recognized medical use. Physicians may, however, lawfully issue a verbal or written recommendation under California law indicating that marijuana would be a beneficial treatment for a serious medical condition. (§ 11362.S(d); Conant v. rYalters (9th Cir. 2002) 309 F.3d 629, 632.) B. Primary Caregiver: A primary caregiver is a person who is designated by a qualified patient and "has consistently assumed responsibility for the housing, health, or safety" of the patient. (§ l 1362.5(e).) California courts have emphasized the consistency element of the patient-caregiver relationship. Although a "primary caregiver who consistently grows and supplies ... medicinal marijuana for a section 11362.5 patient is serving a health need of the patient," someone who merely maintains a source of marijuana does not automatically become the party "who has consistently assumed responsibility for the housing, health, or safety" of that purchaser. (People ex rel. Lungren v. Peron (1997) 59 Cal.App.4th 1383, 1390, 1400.) A person may serve as primary caregiver to "more than one" patient, provided that the patients and caregiver all reside in the same city or county. (§ l 1362.7(d)(2).) Primary caregivers also may receive certain compensation for their services. (§ 11362. 765( c) ["A primary caregiver who receives compensation for actual expenses, including reasonable compensation incurred for services provided ... to enable [a patient] to use marijuana under this article, or for payment for out-of-pocket expenses incurred in providing those services, or both, ... shall not, on the sole basis of that fact, be subject to prosecution" for possessing or transporting marijuana].) C. Qualified Patient: A qualified patient is a person whose physician has recommended the use of marijuana to treat a serious illness, including cancer, anorexia, AIDS, chronic pain, spasticity, glaucoma, arthritis, migraine, or any other illness for which marijuana provides relief. (§ 11362.5(b)(l)(A).) D. Recommending Physician: A recommending physician is a person who (I) possesses a license in good standing to practice medicine in California; (2) has taken responsibility for some aspect of the medical care, treatment, diagnosis, counseling, or referral of a patient; and (3) has complied with accepted medical standards (as described by the Medical Board of California in its May 13, 2004 press release) that a reasonable and prudent physician would follow when recommending or approving medical marijuana for the treatment of his or her patient. - 4 - 8 III. GUIDELINES REGARDING INDIVIDUAL QUALIFIED PATIENTS AND PRIMARY CAREGIVERS A. State Law Compliance Guidelines. 1. Physician Recommendation: Patients must have a written or verbal recommendation for medical marijuana from a licensed physician. (§ 11362.5(d).) 2. State of California Medical Mariju~na Identification Card: Under the MMP, qualified patients and their primary caregivers may voluntarily apply for a card issued by DPH identifying them as a person who is authorized to use, possess, or transport marijuana grown for medical purposes. To help law enforcement officers verify the cardholder's identity, each card bears a unique identification number, and a verification database is available online (www.calmmp.ca.gov). In addition, the cards contain the name of the county health department that approved the application, a 24-hour verification telephone number, and an expiration date. (§§ 11362.71(a); 11362.735(a)(3)-(4); 11362.745.) 3. Proof of Qualified Patient Status: Although verbal recommendations are technically permitted under Proposition 215, patients should obtain and carry written proof of their physician recommendations to help them avoid arrest. A state identification card is the best form of proof, because it is easily verifiable and provides immunity from arrest if certain conditions are met (see section 111.B.4, below). The next best forms of proof are a city-or county-issued patient identification card, or a written recommendation from a physician. 4. Possession Guidelines: a) MMP:2 Qualified patients and primary caregivers who possess a state- issued identification card may possess 8 oz. of dried marijuana, and may maintain no more than 6 mature or 12 immature plants per qualified patient. (§ 11362.77(a).) But, if"a qualified patient or primary caregiver has a doctor's recommendation that this quantity does not meet the qualified patient's medical needs, the qualified patient or primary caregiver may possess an amount of marijuana consistent with the patient's needs." (§ 11362.77(b).) Only the dried mature processed flowers or buds of the female cannabis plant should be considered when determining allowable quantities of medical marijuana for purposes of the MMP. (§ l 1362.77(d).) b) Local Possession Guidelines: Counties and cities may adopt regulations that allow qualified patients or primary caregivers to possess On May 22, 2008, California's Second District Court of Appeal severed Health & Safety Code§ 11362.77 from the MMP. on the ground that the statute's possession guidelines were an unconstitutional amendment of Proposition 215, which does not quantify the marijuana a patient may possess. (See People v. Kelly (2008) 163 Cal.App.4th 124, 77 Cal.Rptr.3d 390.) The Third District Court of Appeal recently reached a similar conclusion in People v. Phomphakdy (July 31, 2008) ---Cal.Rptr.3d ---, 2008 WL 2931369. The California Supreme Court has granted review in Kelly and the Attorney General intends to seek review in Phomphakdy. - 5 - 9 medical marijuana in amounts that exceed the MMP's possession guidelines. (§ 11362.77(c).) c) Proposition 215: Qualified patients claiming protection under Proposition 215 may possess an amount of marijuana that is "reasonably related to [their] current medical needs.'' (People v. Trippet (1997) 56 Cal.App.4th 1532, 1549.) B. Enforcement Guidelines. I. Location of Use: Medical marijuana may not be smoked (a) where smoking is prohibited by law, (b) at or within l 000 feet of a school, recreation center, or youth center (unless the medical use occurs within a residence), (c) on a school bus, or (d) in a moving motor vehicle or boat. (§ 11362.79.) 2. Use of Medical Marijuana in the Workplace or at Correctional Facilities: The medical use of marijuana need not be accommodated in the workplace, during work hours, or at any jail, correctional facility, or other penal institution. (§ 11362.785(a); Ross v. RagingWire Telecomms., Inc. (2008) 42 Cal.4th 920, 933 [under the Fair Employment and Housing Act, an employer may terminate an employee who tests positive for marijuana use].) 3. Criminal Defendants, Probationers, and Parolees: Criminal defendants and probationers may request court approval to use medical marijuana while they are released on bail or probation. The court's decision and reasoning must be stated on the re_cord and in the minutes of the court. Likewise, parolees who are eligible to use medical marijuana may request that they be allowed to continue such use during the period of parole. The written conditions of parole must reflect whether the request was granted or denied. (§ 11362. 795.) 4. State of California Medical Marijuana Identification Cardholders: When a person invokes the protections of Proposition 215 or the MMP and he or she possesses a state medical marijuana identification card, officers should: a) Review the identification card and verify its validity either by calling the telephone number printed on the card, or by accessing DPH's card verification website (http://www.calmmp.ca.gov); and b) If the card is valid and not being used fraudulently, there are no other indicia of illegal activity (weapons, illicit drugs, or excessive amounts of cash), and the person is within the state or local possession guidelines, the individual should be released and the marijuana should not be seized. Under the MMP, "no person or designated primary caregiver in possession of a valid state medical marijuana identification card shall be subject to arrest for possession, transportation, delivery, or cultivation of medical marijuana."(§ I 1362.7l(e).) Further, a "state or local law enforcement agency or officer shall not refuse to accept an identification card issued by the department unless the state or local law enforcement agency or officer - 6 - 10 has reasonable cause to believe that the information contained in the card is false or fraudulent, or the card is being used fraudulently." (§ 11362.78.) 5. Non-Cardholders: When a person claims protection under Proposition 215 or the MMP and only has a locally-issued (i.e., non-state) patient identification card, or a written (or verbal) recommendation from a licensed physician, officers should use their sound professional judgment to assess the validity of the person's medical-use claim: a) Officers need not abandon their search or investigation. The standard search and seizure rules apply to the enforcement of marijuana-related violations. Reasonable suspicion is required for detention, while probable cause is required for search, seizure, and arrest. b) Officers should review any written documentation for validity. It may contain the physician's name. telephone number, address, and license number. c) If the officer reasonably believes that the medical-use claim is valid based upon the totality of the circumstances (including the quantity of marijuana, packaging for sale, the presence of weapons, illicit drugs, or large amounts of cash), and the person is within the state or local possession guidelines or has an amount consistent with their current medical needs, the person should be released and the marijuana should not be seized. d) Alternatively, if the officer has probable cause to doubt the validity of a person's medical marijuana claim based upon the facts and circumstances, the person may be arrested and the marijuana may be seized. It will then be up to the person to establish his or her medical marijuana defense in court. e) Officers are not obligated to accept a person's claim of having a verbal physician's recommendation that cannot be readily verified with the physician at the time of detention. 6. Exceeding Possession Guidelines: If a person has what appears to be valid medical marijuana documentation, but exceeds the applicable possession guidelines identified above, all marijuana may be seized. 7. Return of Seized Medical Marijuana: Ifa person whose marijuana is seized by law enforcement successfully establishes a medical marijuana defense in court, or the case is not prosecuted, he or she may file a motion for return of the marijuana. If a court grants the motion and orders the return of marijuana seized incident to an arrest, the individual or entity subject to the order must return the property. State law enforcement officers who handle controlled substances in the course of their official duties are immune from liability under the CSA. (21 U.S.C. § 885(d).) Once the marijuana is returned, federal authorities are free to exercise jurisdiction over it. (21 U.S.C. §§ 812( c )(I 0), 844(a); City of Garden Grove v. Superior Court (Kha) (2007) 157 Cal.App.4th 355, 369, 386, 391.) -7 - 11 IV. GUIDELINES REGARDING COLLECTIVES AND COOPERATIVES Under California Jaw, medical marijuana patients and primary caregivers may "associate within the State of California in order collectively or cooperatively to cultivate marijuana for medical purposes." (§ 11362.775.) The following guidelines are meant to apply to qualified patients and primary caregivers who come together to collectively or cooperatively cultivate physician-recommended marijuana. A. Business Forms: Any group that is collectively or cooperatively cultivating and distributing marijuana for medical purposes should be organized and operated in a manner that ensures the security of the crop and safeguards against diversion for non-medical purposes. The following are guidelines to help cooperatives and collectives operate within the Jaw, and to help Jaw enforcement determine whether they are doing so. 1. Statutory Cooperatives: A cooperative must file articles of incorporation with the state and conduct its business for the mutual benefit of its members. (Corp. Code,§ 12201, 12300.) No business may call itself a "cooperative" (or "co- op") unless it is properly organized and registered as such a corporation under the Corporations or Food and Agricultural Code. (Id. at§ 1231 l(b).) Cooperative corporations are "democratically controlled and are not organized to make a profit for themselves, as such, or for their members, as such, but primarily for their members as patrons." (Id. at§ 1220 I.) The earnings and savings of the business must be used for the general welfare of its members or equitably distributed to members in the form of cash, property, credits, or services. (Ibid.) Cooperatives must follow strict rules on organization, articles, elections, and distribution of earnings, and must report individual transactions from individual members each year. (See id. at§ 12200, et seq.) Agricultural cooperatives are likewise nonprofit corporate entities "since they are not organized to make profit for themselves, as such, or for their members, as such, but only for their members as producers." (Food & Agric. Code,§ 54033.) Agricultural cooperatives share many characteristics with consumer cooperatives. (See, e.g., id. at§ 54002, et seq.) Cooperatives should not purchase marijuana from, or sell to, non-members; instead, they should only provide a means for facilitating or coordinating transactions between members. 2. Collectives: California Jaw does not define collectives, but the dictionary defines them as "a business, farm, etc., jointly owned and operated by the members of a group." (Random House Unabridged Dictionary; Random House, Inc. © 2006.) Applying this definition, a collective should be an organization that merely facilitates the collaborative efforts of patient and caregiver members - including the allocation of costs and revenues. As such, a collective is not a statutory entity, but as a practical matter it might have to organize as some form of business to carry out its activities. The collective should not purchase marijuana from, or sell to, non-members; instead, it should only provide a means for facilitating or coordinating transactions between members. - 8 - 12 B. Guidelines for the Lawful Operation of a Cooperative or Collective: Collectives and cooperatives should be organized with sufficient structure to ensure security, non-diversion of marijuana to illicit markets, and compliance with all state and local laws. The following are some suggested guidelines and practices for operating collective growing operations to help ensure lawful operation. l. Non-Profit Operation: Nothing in Proposition 215 or the MMP authorizes collectives, cooperatives; or individuals to profit from the sale or distribution of marijuana. (See, e.g., § l l 362.765(a) ["nothing in this section shall authorize ... any individual or group to cultivate or distribute marijuana for profit"]. 2. Business Licenses, Sales Tax, and Seller's Permits: The State Board of Equalization has determined that medical marijuana transactions are subject to sales tax, regardless of whether the individual or group makes a profit, and those engaging in transactions involving medical marijuana must obtain a Seller's Permit. Some cities and counties also require dispensing collectives and cooperatives to obtain business licenses. 3. Membership Application and Verification: When a patient or primary caregiver wishes to join a collective or cooperative, the group can help prevent the diversion of marijuana for non-medical use by having potential members complete a written membership application. The following application guidelines should be followed to help ensure that marijuana grown for medical use is not diverted to illicit markets: a) Verify the individual's status as a qualified patient or primary caregiver. Unless he or she has a valid state medical marijuana identification card, this should involve personal contact with the recommending physician (or his or her agent), verification of the physician's identity, as well as his or her state licensing status. Verification of primary caregiver status should include contact with the qualified patient, as well as validation of the patient's recommendation. Copies should be made of the physician's recommendation or identification card, if any; b) Have the individual agree not to distribute marijuana to non-members; c) Have the individual agree not to use the marijuana for other than medical purposes; d) Maintain membership records on-site or have them reasonably available; e) Track when members' medical marijuana recommendation and/or identification cards expire; and f) Enforce conditions of membership by excluding members whose identification card or physician recommendation are invalid or have expired, or who are caught diverting marijuana for non-medical use. - 9 - 13 4. Collectives Should Acquire, Possess, and Distribute Only Lawfully Cultivated Marijuana: Collectives and cooperatives should acquire marijuana only from their consiituent members, because only marijuana grown by a qualified patient or his or her primary caregiver may lawfully be transported by, or distributed to, other members of a collective or cooperative. (§§ 11362. 765, 11362.775.) The collective or cooperative may then allocate it to other members of the group. Nothing allows marijuana to be purchased from outside the collective or cooperative for distribution to its members. Instead, the cycle should be a closed- circuit of marijuana cultivation and consumption with no purchases or sales to or from non-members. To help prevent diversion of medical marijuana to non- medical markets, collectives and cooperatives should document each member's contribution of labor, resources, or money to the enterprise. They also should track and record the source of their marijuana. 5. Distribution and Sales to Non-Members are Prohibited: State law allows primary caregivers to be reimbursed for certain services (including marijuana cultivation), but nothing allows individuals or groups to sell or distribute marijuana to non-members. Accordingly, a collective or cooperative may not distribute medical marijuana to any person who is not a member in good standing of the organization. A dispensing collective or cooperative may credit its members for marijuana they provide to the collective, which it may then allocate to other members. (§ 11362.765(c).) Members also may reimburse the collective or cooperative for marijuana that has been allocated to them. Any monetary reimbursement that members provide to the collective or cooperative should only be an amount necessary to cover overhead costs and operating expenses. 6. Permissible Reimbursements and Allocations: Marijuana grown at a collective or cooperative for medical purposes may be: a) Provided free to qualified patients and primary caregivers who are members of the collective or cooperative; b) Provided in exchange for services rendered to the entity; c) Allocated based on fees that are reasonably calculated to cover overhead costs and operating expenses; or d) Any combination of the above. 7. Possession and Cultivation Guidelines: If a person is acting as primary caregiver to more than one patient under section 11362. 7( d)(2), he or she may aggregate the possession and cultivation limits for each patient. For example, applying the MMP' s basic possession guidelines, if a caregiver is responsible for three patients, he or she may possess up to 24 oz. of marijuana (8 oz. per patient) and may grow 18 mature or 36 immature plants. Similarly, collectives and cooperatives may cultivate and transport marijuana in aggregate amounts tied to its membership numbers. Any patient or primary caregiver exceeding individual possession guidelines should have supporting records readily available when: a) Operating a location for cultivation; b) Transporting the group's medical marijuana; and c) Operating a location for distribution to members of the collective or cooperative. - I 0 - 14 8. Security: Collectives and cooperatives should provide adequate security to ensure that patients are safe and that the surrounding homes or businesses are not negatively impacted by nuisance activity such as loitering or crime. Further, to maintain security, prevent fraud, and deter robberies, collectives and cooperatives should keep accurate records and follow accepted cash handling practices, including regular bank runs and cash drops, and maintain a general ledger of cash transactions. C. Enforcement Guidelines: Depending upon the facts and circumstances, deviations from the guidelines outlined above, or other indicia that marijuana is not for medical use, may give rise to probable cause for arrest and seizure. The following are additional guidelines to help identify medical marijuana collectives and cooperatives that are operating outside of state law. 1. Storefront Dispensaries: Although medical marijuana "dispensaries" have been operating in California for years, dispensaries, as such, are not recognized under the law. As noted above, the only recognized group entities are cooperatives and collectives. (§ 11362.775.) It is the opinion of this Office that a properly organized and operated collective or cooperative that dispenses medical marijuana through a storefront may be lawful under California law, but that dispensaries that do not substantially comply with the guidelines set forth in sections IV(A) and (B), above, are likely operating outside the protections of Proposition 215 and the MMP, and that the individuals operating such entities may be subject to arrest and criminal prosecution under California law. For example, dispensaries that merely require patients to complete a form summarily designating the business owner as their primary caregiver-and then offering marijuana in exchange for cash "donations" -are likely unlawful. (Peron, supra, 59 Cal.App.4th at p. 1400 [cannabis club owner was not the primary caregiver to thousands of patients where he did not consistently assume responsibility for their housing, health, or safety].) 2. lndicia of Unlawful Operation: When investigating collectives or cooperatives, law enforcement officers should be alert for signs of mass production or illegal sales, including (a) excessive amounts of marijuana, (b) excessive amounts of cash, (c) failure to follow local and state laws applicable to similar businesses, such as maintenance of any required licenses and payment of any required taxes, including sales taxes, ( d) weapons, ( e) illicit drugs, (f) purchases from, or sales or distribution to, non-members, or (g) distribution outside of California. -11 - 15 ORDINANCE NO. AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF MOORPARK, CALIFORNIA, APPROVING ZONING ORDINANCE AMENDMENT NO. 2015-01, AN AMENDMENT TO SECTIONS 17.20.050 (PERMITTED USES IN OPEN SPACE, AGRICULTURAL, RESIDENTIAL, AND SPECIAL PURPOSE ZONES) AND 17.20.060 (PERMITTED USES IN COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL ZONES) OF CHAPTER 17.20 (USES BY ZONE) OF TITLE 17 (ZONING) OF THE MOORPARK MUNICIPAL CODE TO REGULATE MOBILE DELIVERY OF MARIJUANA AND MEDICAL MARIJUANA IN ALL ZONES AND DETERMINATION THAT THIS ACTION IS NOT A PROJECT APPROVAL SUBJECT TO THE CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT WHEREAS, on October 9, 2015, Governor Brown signed three bills into law, AB 243, AB 266, and SB 643, collectively known as the Medical Marijuana Regulation and Safety Act. These bills provide for State oversight of medical marijuana cultivation and distribution as allowed under Proposition 215, while still allowing for local control; and WHEREAS, on October 21, 2015, the City Council adopted Resolution No. 2015- 3452, directing the Planning Commission to study, hold a public hearing, and provide a recommendation on a Zoning Ordinance Amendment that would amend Sections 17.20.050 (Permitted Uses in Open Space, Agricultural, Residential, and Special Purpose Zones) and 17.20.060 (Permitted Uses in Commercial and Industrial Zones) of Chapter 17.20 (Uses by Zone) of Title 17 (Zoning) of the Moorpark Municipal Code to address changes in State law under the Medical Marijuana Regulation And Safety Act; and WHEREAS, on November 24, 2015, the Planning Commission considered Zoning Ordinance Amendment No. 2015-01, an amendment to Sections 17.20.050 (Permitted Uses in Open Space, Agricultural, Residential, and Special Purpose Zones) and 17.20.060 (Permitted Uses in Commercial and Industrial Zones) of Chapter 17.20 (Uses by Zone) of Title 17 (Zoning) of the Moorpark Municipal Code to prohibit cultivation and mobile delivery of marijuana and medical marijuana in all zones, opened and closed a public hearing, and after discussion, adopted Resolution No. PC-2015- 606, recommending approval of Zoning Ordinance Amendment No. 2015-01; and WHEREAS, at duly noticed public hearing on December 16, 2015, the City Council introduced amended Zoning Ordinance Amendment No. 2015-01 to only address cultivation of marijuana and medical marijuana, and asked staff to bring back more information on mobile delivery of marijuana and medical marijuana on January 20, 2016;and WHEREAS on January 20, 2016 the City Council opened the public hearing on Zoning Ordinance No. 2015-02 to address mobile delivery of marijuana and medical CC ATTACHMENT 2 16 Ordinance No. Page 2 marijuana, took and considered public testimony both for and against the proposal, closed the public hearing, and discussed and reached a decision on this matter; and WHEREAS, the Community Development Director has determined that this project would qualify for a General Rule Exemption in accordance with Section 15061 of California Code of Regulations (CEQA Guidelines), in that there would not be a physical change to any existing land uses in Moorpark as a result of this ordinance. NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF MOORPARK DOES ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS: SECTION 1. ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINATION: The City Council concurs with the determination of the Community Development Director that this project would qualify for a General Rule Exemption in accordance with Section 15061 of California Code of Regulations (CEQA Guidelines), in that there would not be a physical change to any existing land uses in Moorpark as a result of this ordinance. Based on its independent analysis and judgment of the City Council, it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility that the Zoning Ordinance Amendment No. 2015-02 may have a significant impact on the physical environment. No further environmental documentation is required. SECTION 2. GENERAL PLAN AND SPECIFIC PLAN CONSISTENCY: The City Council finds Zoning Ordinance Amendment No. 2015-02 to be consistent with the City of Moorpark General Plan and all adopted Specific Plans. SECTION 3. The City Council hereby approves Zoning Ordinance Amendment No. 2015-02, which amends Sections 17.20.050 (Permitted Uses in Open Space, Agricultural, Residential, and Special Purpose Zones) and 17.20.060 (Permitted Uses in Commercial and Industrial Zones) of Chapter 17.20 (Uses by Zone) of Title 17 (Zoning) of the Moorpark Municipal Code, as shown in Exhibit A attached. SECTION 4 . If any section, subsection, sentence, clause, phrase, part or portion of this ordinance is for any reason held to be invalid or unconstitutional by any court of competent jurisdiction, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this ordinance. The City Council declares that it would have adopted this ordinance and each section, subsection, sentence, clause, phrase, part or portion thereof, irrespective of the fact that any one or more section, subsections, sentences, clauses, phrases, parts or portions be declared invalid or unconstitutional. SECTION 5 . This ordinance shall become effective thirty (30) days after its passage and adoption. 17 Ordinance No. Page 3 SECTION 6 . The City Clerk shall certify to the passage and adoption of this ordinance; shall enter the same in the book of original ordinances of said City; shall make a minute of the passage and adoption thereof in the records of the proceedings of the City Council at which the same is passed and adopted; and shall publish notice of adoption in the manner required by law. PASSED AND ADOPTED this ___ day of ______ , 2016. Janice S. Parvin, Mayor ATTEST: Maureen Benson, City Clerk Exhibit A-Amendments to Sections 17.20.050 and 17.20.060 18 Ordinance No. Page4 EXHIBIT A ZONING ORDINANCE AMENDMENT NO. 2015-02 AMENDMENTS TO SECTION 17.20.050 (PERMITTED USES IN OPEN SPACE, AGRICULTURAL, RESIDENTIAL AND SPECIAL PURPOSE ZONES), AND SECTION 17 .20.060 (PERMITTED USES IN COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL ZONES) OF CHAPTER 17.20 (USES BY ZONE) OF TITLE 17 (ZONING) OF THE MOORPARK MUNICIPAL CODE No. 15 is added to Section D, Accessory and Miscellaneous Uses, of Table 17.20.050 in Section 17.20.050 as follows: RPO Zones 0-S A-E R-A R-E R-0 R-1 R-2 RPO 20U-N-O TPO 15. Delivery of marijuana or medical marijuana, including, but not limited to, deliveries from mobile marijuana dispensaries and mobile medical marijuana dispensaries, except for deliveries from a patient's primary caregiver to a qualified patient, as those terms are defined in state law No. 10 in Section A, Retail and Services Uses, of Table 17.20.060 in Section 17.20.060 is amended as follows (with text incorporating changes to this section made under Ordinance No. 436): CPD Zones C-0 C-1 C-2 C-OT M-1 M-2 I 10. Marijuana (cannabis and all parts of that plant) dispensaries and medical marijuana (cannabis and all parts of that plant) dispensaries including any site, facility, location, mobile dispensary, use, cooperative or business which distributes, . sells, exchanges, processes, stores, delivers, gives away, or cultivates marijuanai including marijuana for medical purposes to qualified patients, health care providers, patients' primary caregivers, or physicians pursuant to Proposition 215, Health and Safety Code Section 11362.5 et seq., or any state regulations adopted in furtherance thereof -END- 19