HomeMy WebLinkAboutAGENDA REPORT 2011 0615 CC REG ITEM 10I ITEM 10.1.
;ity Council Meetin-;,
MOORPARK CITY COUNCIL 6' S� �- -- -
AGENDA REPORT
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TO: The Honorable City Council
FROM: Jeremy Laurentowski, Landscape/Parks Maintenance G
Superintendent
DATE: June 3, 2011 (CC Meeting of June 15, 2011)
SUBJECT: Consider Update on the Condition of the Coast Redwoods
on Tierra Rejada Road and Arborist Report Prepared by
Arbor Essence
DISCUSSION
Planned Community No. 3, also known as the Mountain Meadows Planned
Community, was originally approved by the County of Ventura prior to the City's
incorporation in 1983. The Mountain Meadows Community encompasses a major
section of southern Moorpark and spans over 850 acres. The northern border is
delineated by the Arroyo Simi, the southern border by Las Posas Hills, the western
border by Home Acres, the eastern border by Peach Hill and the entire community is
transected by the major arterial, Tierra Rejada Road. The planners and designers
that developed the Tierra Rejada Road streetscape implemented a landscape
concept that consisted of cool mountain forests, large evergreen and deciduous
shade trees and rolling green meadows. Coast Redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens),
European White Birch (Betula pendula), California Sycamore (Platanus racemosa)
and a blanket of creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra) were utilized to enhance this
vision and turn the Tierra Rejada Road corridor into one of the most enjoyed
streetscapes in the City. Overtime, the Tierra Rejada Road streetscape concept was
expanded and today includes a major portion of the arterial from approximately
Country Wood Drive to South Hampton Road.
Over the years, many of the Coast Redwoods that were planted along the Tierra
Rejada streetscape have slowly been in decline due to localized environmental stress
conditions. Coast Redwoods are native to the coastal ranges and fog belt regions of
northern California and southern Oregon. The coastal climate generally includes mild
day time temperatures, rarely exceeding 75°F, long cool winters, a consistent marine
influence and moderate to high annual rainfall. Coast Redwoods have been a
popular landscape tree used by many landscape designers throughout the state of
84
Honorable City Council
June 15, 2011
Page 2
California. However, many native plant species utilized for landscape purposes
outside their natural range exhibit environmental stress conditions as climate, water
availability and soil conditions typically do not provide optimum growing conditions
required by these trees. Environmental stress eventually weakens their ability to
resist disease and opens the door for pathogens and other plant disorders.
During the summer of 2010, the City of Moorpark experienced a heat wave with
temperatures exceeding 112°F for several days. A combination of the high ambient
heat with the reflective heat from the asphalt road surface caused many of the trees
on the north side of Tierra Rejada Road to suffer from severe heat scorch. Heat
scorch is a common occurrence that causes the tissue to dieback on many cool
season plant species that are subject to high heat conditions. However, heat scorch
typically does not cause a fatal condition on its own, but it opens the door for
pathogens to infect the trees as they attempt to recover.
Towards the end of 2010, it became apparent that many of the Coast Redwoods on
Tierra Rejada Road have suffered severe dieback on the crowns and limbs of these
trees. During staffs initial investigations, there was some immediate response from
the trees as new buds and leaf growth was evident. However, complete recovery
from the heat scorch condition seemed to be much slower than anticipated. In
March, 2011 staff contacted Arbor Essence to prepare an arborist report and inspect
the trees for common pathogens and evaluate the physical site conditions of the
Tierra Rejada Road corridor.
The arborist report confirms the presence of a fungal disease commonly called
Sequoia canker. The canker disease is the result of the pathogen Botryodiplodia
spp., a fungus that infects trees that are exposed to environmental stress or
weakened by site conditions. Seasonal rain and wind is responsible for dispersing
the fungal spores and infecting neighboring trees. Infection commonly occurs
through wounds, such as cracks in the bark, sun scorch die back or other types of
injured tissue.
According to the arborist report, Botryodiplodia-type fungi are the number one
pathogen responsible for reducing the aesthetic qualities and life expectancy of
redwoods planted outside their natural range. In addition, the current site conditions
do not favor ideal growing conditions for these trees. The type of overhead irrigation
systems is problematic as it saturates the trunks of the trees, the red fescue growing
at the base of the trees should be removed to prevent potential root and crown rot
diseases and the soil analysis identified significantly low levels of soil fertility in the
common macronutrients (Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K)) necessary for
healthy plant growth.
Unfortunately at this time, a cure for this disease has not been identified. The only
known cure is to remove the affected branches back to healthy tissue. There has
been some suggestion that several common broad-spectrum applications may
85
Honorable City Council
June 15, 2011
Page 3
provide some protection against new infections and help stop the spread of the
fungal spores. However, the primary preventative procedure seems to be improving
the overall health of the tree.
Based on the quantity of trees infected, removal of infected limbs through pruning
procedures may not be a viable solution to this problem. In addition, many trees are
so severely infected that removal is probably the only option at this time. It is likely
that a prioritized replacement program will be necessary over the next several years.
Staff has contacted Arbor Essence and has scheduled a visual analysis of every
Coast Redwood on Tierra Rejada Road to determine if removal is necessary or if
recovery efforts are appropriate at this time. Staff will evaluate this data and prepare
a long-term management plan and replacement plan if deemed appropriate, for all of
Tierra Rejada Road at a future date.
FISCAL IMPACT
Staff will evaluate the fiscal implications of a long term management plan and
replacement plan at a future date.
STAFF RECOMMENDATION
1. Review and File Report.
Attachments:
I. Arborist Inspection Report—Arbor Essence
II. Pathology Results and Soils Analysis — Soil and Plant Laboratory, Inc.
86
ATTACHMENT I
May 19,2011
Mr. Jeremy Laurentowski
City of Moorpark
799 Moorpark Ave.
Moorpark,CA 93021
Regarding: Inspection of Redwood trees
Tierra Rejada Road
Moorpark,CA
Dear Jeremy,
At your request I visited the above referenced site May 4,2011. The purpose of this visit
was to assess the current condition of a various coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens)
trees along Tierra Rejada Road that display severe signs of stress and decline.
The subject redwood trees have been struggling for several years but had a significant
turn for the worst during a heat wave in 2010, several trees have also failed over the past
few years. Past assessmentAnspection by other arborist have only identified water deficit
as the problem.
I was asked to perform a thorough asses sment/evaluation of the current condition of the
tree and site,including submittal of soil and plant tissue sample to a lab for analysis and
pathology testing. The city would like to determine/diagnose specific cause for decline in
the trees and or site/maintenance problems. I inspected two general areas where trees arc
in the worst condition,and for comparison,a couple areas where some appear to be in
fair condition.
My visual inspection was performed from ground level. Binoculars were used to assess
the trees higher up in the crown and a soil probe was used to check soil moisture to
depths of approx. 2-3 feet. Plant tissue and soil samples were collected from two
different trees/site locations and submitted to lab for analysis/testing.
The primary focus of my inspection took place in two areas, the first was a grouping of
trees on the north side of Tierra Rejada east of Walnut Creek, and the second was a group
of trees also on the north side of Tierra Rejada west of Walnut Creek. I also inspected
various trees on the slope on the south side of Tierra Rejada.
87
Inspection of Redwood trees May 19,2011
Tierra Rejada Road
Moorpark,CA Page 2
Observations
Several trees in the two primary areas inspected display severe stress and decline
symptoms with heavy branch dieback,necrotic foliage and thin crowns. One interesting
observation was that the south side of the trees displayed much more decline than the
north side, which in some cases appeared quite healthy and green with little dieback.
Trees on the south side of Tierra Rejada appear to be suffering considerable less than
those on the north side. Most of the trees do display new shoot growth throughout their
crowns,tissue in the root collar area appeared healthy,and healthy viable roots were
observed in soil core samples.
Both areas that were inspected on the north side of Tierra Rajada were very similar in
relation to decline symptoms and site conditions,one main difference was that the area
west of Walnut Creek is being irrigated by rotary sprinklers and those to the east are
being irrigated by shrub/turf sprinklers. It is apparent by bleaching on the lower trunk
area that many trees are receiving overspray from nearby sprinklers. Ground cover (red
fescue) and misc. shrubs are growing under the trees, in some instances the ground cover
comes into direct contact with the trunk of the trees. The day on my inspection soil
moisture was found to be near field capacity with some spotty dry areas. Soil moisture
on slope trees was considerably drier.
Discussion
Coast redwood trees are native to the Northern California coast and statistically do no
thrive in hot dry Southern California valley climates. Some of the stress symptoms
observed are considered normal for this climate. Decline symptoms observed are
consistent with Botryosphaeria canker,and infection of the disease was confirmed in both
samples from the lab. Control and potential treatments are outlined in the lab report.
Site conditions are not ideal for any species of tree. Field studies have shown that turf
growing up to and in direct contact with the trunks of trees to have adverse affects on tree
health. Although no signs of disease were observed in the root or root collar or the trees
that were checked it is generally considered a poor practice to have surrounding
sprinklers constantly wetting the trunks of trees as it can create an environment favorable
to the development or root and crown rot diseases.
Soil texture is a clay loam and does not seem to be significantly compacted. Soil
moisture around trees on the north side of Tierra Rejada was very high the day of my
inspection but appropriate if not a static condition and the soil is allowed to dry slightly
between waterings.
Although I did not observe any major signs of nutrient deficiencies in foliage color
nutrient deficiencies can be a contributing factor in overall tree health and susceptibility
to stress and disease. Lab results show significantly low levels of soil fertility in
macronutrients (N,P,K), pH, salinity and micronutrient levels are acceptable.
88
Inspection of Redwood trees May 19,2011
Tierra Rejada Road
Moorpark,CA Page 3
I found it very interesting to see the difference in appearance on the north and south sides
of the trees, the north side being much greener and far less affected from the canker
disease. Based on my inspection and considering site conditions and exposure factors I
believe that the south side of the trees is more affected due to exposure and reflected heat
from the street.
One of the recommendations to help control the canker disease mentioned in the lab
report is pruning to remove affected branches back to healthy tissue. Based on the
quantity of plants this is probably not a reasonable option except in cases of minor
infection. It may be appropriate to start considering a prioritized replacement program
that would take place over the next several years; a new tree species would also be
suggested.
Conclusion
Several trees have been severely affected by the canker disease and cannot reasonably be
restored to health,while many others may be salvageable by employing remedial
pruning, fertilization,proper irrigation and modifying site conditions that will favor tree
health.
I believe that all the factors discussed, maintenance,soil fertility, site conditions and
climate, contributed to the decline and demise of several of the trees.
Recommendations
Y See lab repot for specific recommendation on possible treatment and control of
Botryosphaeria canker, and fertilization.
It should be noted that the study of trees is not an exact science and arboriculture does not
detect or predict with any certainty. The arborist therefore is not responsible for tree
defects or soil conditions that cannot be identified by a prudent and reasonable
inspection.
If you have any questions or require other services please contact me at the number listed
below.
Respectfully,
Arbor Essence
Kerry Norman
ASCA, Registered Consulting Arborist #471
ISA Board-Certified Master Arborist #WE-3643B
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May 4, 2011
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disease
ATTACHMENT II
Soil &-Plaint Laboratory,)nc
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Anaheim Office
Locations: Lab No. 11-124-0027
Path No. 410
101 S.Winchester Blvd. May 19, 2011
Suite G 173
San Jose,C1 95128 Arbor Essence
(408) 727-0330 10523 Burbank Blvd. # 204
North Hollywood, CA 91601
Attn: Kerry Norman
4741 E.Hunter Avenue
Suite.A PATHOLOGY RESULTS: REDWOOD—TIERRA REJADA, MOORPARK
4naheim,C1 92867
(714)282-8777 Provided here are the laboratory results of pathology work conducted on branch material collected
from a pair of ailing redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens)and delivered to our laboratory on May 4.
Plant material received was labeled'N. side T.R. W. of Pheasant Run'and'N. side T.R. E. of Walnut
Creek.'
Tissue from the branches and browning leaves were examined under the microscope and cultured
onto a series of agar media plates for pathogen detection.
Pathogens isolated: Botryodipiodia spp. (an imperfect state of Botryosphaeria spp.) was isolated
from both sets of branch and needle tissue.
In addition to pathology testing of the received branch material, we also performed detailed chemical
analysis on two soil samples collected from the two trees. The data sheets corresponding to the soil
tests are included with the report.
Soil Analysis Results
The Pheasant Run and Walnut Creek soil samples are of similar chemical composition. Salinity in
both cases is below 2.0 dS/m, which is ideal. The Pheasant Run soil has a pH that is slightly acid in
reaction at 6.9, while that of Walnut Creek is neutral at 7.0 on the pH scale.
Fertility levels in both samples are low with respect to the macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, and
potassium. Calcium supply is fair and magnesium ample. The micronutrient content of the Walnut
Creek soil is slightly better than that of the Pheasant Run sample. Boron in both samples is safely
low.
Comments and Recommendations
Based on the pathology results of the branch samples, it appears that Botryodiplodia, which is one
several asexual states of Botryosphaeria, is a principal contributor to the poor condition of the
redwoods.
As you well know, redwoods are a popular landscape tree in California. Unfortunately, what most of
us do not realize is that climatic zones with predominately low relative humidity and high summer
heat are stressful environments for these trees. It is this stress in particular that predisposes
redwoods to opportunistic pathogens such as the Botryosphaeria-type fungi, which are the number
one pathogens responsible for reducing the aesthetic qualities and life expectancy of redwoods
planted outside their natural range.
94
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Page 2
Arbor Essence
May 19, 2011
Depending on the extent of injury to the crown, improving the health of the trees may or may not be feasible. Loss of
more than a third of the central leader is often times cause for tree removal given the severe impact on tree structure
and aesthetics. If however the damage is considered minor, then removal of infected branches well beyond any
obvious internal discoloration can help rid the tree of the Botryosphaeria infection.
Fungicide applications, whether these be via injection or some other method of application, tend to provide poor
curative control of this disease. That said, materials with broad-spectrum active ingredients such as tebuoonazole,
thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil, or azoxystrobin may provide some protection against new infections and may be
considered when the tree is known to be under stress. Your preferred agrochemical supplier should be able to provide
a specific product recommendation.
As already mentioned, stress is the number one reason why redwoods come down with Botryosphaeria canker. Thus
while it may not be possible to eliminate all stress, there are some stress factors that can be addressed. Amongst
these are: high salinity, alkaline soil conditions, compaction, competition with surrounding plants for resources,
restricted volume of quality soil for expanded root growth, etc., some of which may be correctable.
Since several of the major nutrients are low, I would recommend fertilizing both trees with Apex 14-14-14 Landscape
Color with micronutrients. Evenly broadcast the fertilizer under the dripline using a rate of 7 lbs. per 1000 sq. ft. and
follow with a very thorough irrigation. In the fall apply sulfur-coated urea at 5 lbs. per 1000 sq. ft. and water in well.
Thinning out understory plants to reduce competition, ensuring irrigations are thorough enough to accomplish some
leaching, do not lift the skirt of the tree, aerate the soil with a pneumatic air spade if compacted, and maintain a high
quality layer of mulch (2-3 inches deep) over the soil surface, are just some general suggestions. I should point out
that with respect to the thorough irrigations, time between irrigations should be long enough to allow the soil to dry
out slightly otherwise the soil will stay too saturated which could then lead to a root rot problem.
Please call if you have any questions.
Paul F. Santos, M.S.
Plant Pathologist
Email:keyCaarboressence.net
95
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SOIL ANALYSIS
Send To: Project: Report No: 11-124-0027
Arbor Essence TIERRA REJADA REDWOODS, MOORPAR Cust No: 04873
10523 Burbank Blvd#204 Date Printed: 05/11/2011
North Hollywood CA 91601 Date Received 05/04/2011
Page: 1 of 2
Lab Number: 11848
Sample Id : REDWOOD 1 PHEASANT RUN
SATURATION EXTRACT-PLANT SUITABILITY
Effect on Plant Growth
Test Result Sensitive Crops Many Crops Only Tolerant ' Few Crops
Restricted Restricted Crops Satisfactory Survive
•
Salinity(ECe) 1.5 dSlm
Sodium Adsorption
Ratio(SAR)' 2.6
Boron(B) 0.30 ppm MEM
Sodium(Na) 5 4 meq/L _:
Chloride(CI)
Carbonate(CO3)
Bicarbonate(HCO3)
Fluoride(F) i
■'Structure and water infiltration of mineral soils potentially adversely affected at SAR values higher than 6.
Test Result Strongly Moderately Slightly Slightly Moderately Strongly Qualitative
Acidic Acidic Acidic Neutral Alkaline Alkaline Alkaline Lime
pH 6.9 s.u. -- ---- None
EXTRACTABLE NUTRIENTS
Test Result Sufficiency SOIL TEST RATINGS NO3-N
Factor Ve:- Low Low Medium OptiMurll__ i Ve '-N. ,
Available-N 12 ppm 0.4
2 ppm
Phosphorus(P)-Olsen 2 ppm 0.1
Potassium(K) 54 ppm 0.5 NH4-N
Potassium-sal.ext. 0.3 meq/L I 10 ppm
Calcium(Ca) 1138 ppm 0.8
Calcium-sat.ext. 4.7 meq/L I I I Total
Exchangeable
Magnesium(Mg) 333 ppm 1 9 I Cations(TEC)
Magnesium-sat.ext. 3.8 meq/L
Copper(Cu) 0.5 ppm 0.5 87 meglkg
Zinc(Zn) 2 ppm 0.6
Manganese(Mn) 3 ppm 0.3
Iron(Fe) 11 ppm 0.3
Boron(B)-sat.ext. 0.30 ppm 1.0
Sulfate-sat.ext. 6.4 meq/L 2.1
Exch Aluminum I
L
Cu.Zn.Mn and Fe were analyzed by DTPA extract.
PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS
Weight Percent of Sample Passing 2mm Screen
Gravel Sand
Organic Silt Clay USDA Soil
Half Sat Coarse Fine Very Coarse Coarse Med.to Very Fine .002-.05 0-.002 Classification
Matter 5-12 2-5 1.2 0.5-1 0.05-0.5
15 %
Graphical interpretation is a general guide. Optimum levels will vary by crop and objectives.
Page I of 2
96
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SOIL ANALYSIS
\
Send To: Project: Report No: 11-124-0027
Arbor Essence TIERRA REJADA REDWOODS, MOORPAR Cust No: 04873
10523 Burbank Blvd#204 Date Printed: 05/11/2011
North Hollywood CA 91601 Date Received 05/04/2011
Page: 2 of 2
Lab Number: 11849
/
Sample Id : REDWOOD 2 WALNUT CREEK
SATURATION EXTRACT-PLANT SUITABILITY
Effect on Plant Growth i
Test Result Sensitive Crops Many Crops Only Tolerant Few Crops
Restricted Restricted Crops Satisfactory , Survive
Salinity(ECe) 1.1 dS/m
Sodium Adsorption 2 25
Ratio(SAR)*
Boron(B) 0.51 ppm
Sodium(Na) 4.6 meq/L
Chloride(CI)
Carbonate(003)
Bicarbonate(HCO3)
■
Fluoride(F) /
Structure and water infiltration of mineral soils potentially adversely affected at SAR values higher than 6.
Test Result Strongly Moderately Slightly Slightly Moderately Strongly Qualitative
Acidic Acidic Acidic Neutral Alkaline Alkaline Alkaline Lime
--- None
pH 7.0 s.u. A.NIMMAIIIr=1■MI
EXTRACTABLE NUTRIENTS
Test Result Sufficiency SOIL TEST RATINGS NO3-N
Factor 4-w Low Medium • . _ t.I,
Available-N 6 ppm 0.2 !I 2 ppm
Phosphorus(P)-Olsen 6 ppm 0.3
Potassium(K) 94 ppm 0.6 NH4-N
Potassium-sat.ext. 0.3 meq/L I 1 4 ppm
Calcium(Ca) 1453 ppm 0.7
Calcium-sat.ext. 5.0 meq/L I I Total
Exchangeable
Magnesium(Mg) 536 ppm 2.0 T Cations(TEC)
Magnesium-sat.ext. 3.3 meq/L I
Copper(Cu) 1.1 ppm 07 I 120 meq/kg
•
Zinc(Zn) 2 ppm 0.3
Manganese(Mn) 9 ppm 0.7
Iron(Fe) 44 ppm 0.7 ,
Boron(B)-sat.ext. 0.51 ppm 1.7
Sulfate-sat.ext. 5.4 meq/L 1.8
Exch Aluminum
J
■
Cu.Zn,Mn and Fe were analyzed by DTPA extract.
PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS
Weight Percent of Sample Passing 2mm Screen
Gravel Sand
Half Sat Organic Coarse Fine Very Coarse Coarse Med.to Very Fine Silt Clay USDA Soil
Matter 5-12 2-5 1-2 0.5-1 0.05-0.5 .002-.05 0-.002 Classification
19 %
Graphical interpretation is a general guide. Optimum levels will vary by crop and objectives.
Page2of2 97