HomeMy WebLinkAboutAGENDA REPORT 2016 0615 CCSA REG ITEM 10U ITEM 10.U.
CIT,OF MOORPARK,CALIFORNIA
City Councli Meeting
of 4-15-oZ0i6
MOORPARK CITY COUNCILACTION:Cioinna
AGENDA REPORT
BY: (lY+ _ • +n2+s.�
TO: Honorable City Council Q,
FROM: Sean Corrigan, City Engineer/Public Works Director / �'+- fi�
Prepared By: Shaun Kroes, Program Manager
DATE: June 3, 2016 (CC Meeting of 06/15/16)
SUBJECT: Consider Cancelation of Moorpark City Transit's Demonstration Service
for Fixed Route, Dial-A-Ride and Americans with Disabilities Act(ADA)
Paratransit Services
SUMMARY
On August 10, 2013, the City began a three-year Transit Demonstration Service program,
increasing Moorpark City Transit operating hours from 6:00 am to 6:00 pm Monday through
Friday to 5:00 am to 8:00 pm Monday through Friday and adding Saturday service between
8:00 am and 5:00 pm. On August 10, 2015, the City reduced Route 1 service hours from
5:00 am to 8:00 pm to 7:00 am to 6:30 pm, and made adjustments to the Saturday service
route (reduced service area) due to a lack of ridership during the Transit Demonstration
Service. Ridership has continued to lag behind the City's standard service hours. Staff is
proposing to end the Transit Demonstration Service for both fixed route and Senior Dial-A-
Ride and Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Paratransit services.
The staff report below provides background of the performance of the City's Transit
Demonstration Service and includes information on recent ridership statistics and
passenger counts that have been used to determine the proposed adjustments. The
following recommended changes are summarized below:
1. Eliminate Saturday bus service.
2. Eliminate Trip 11 for Route 1. New service hours will be 7:00 am to 5:30 pm.
3. Eliminate Trips 1, 13, and 14 for Route 2. New service hours will be 6:00 am to
6:00 pm.
4. Reduce weekday Senior Dial-A-Ride and Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Paratransit services from 5:00 am to 8:00 pm to 6:00 am to 6:00 pm.
5. Eliminate weekend service Dial-A-Ride and Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Paratransit services. -
302
Honorable City Council
June 15, 2016
Page 2
Attachments 1 and 2 provide draft schedules for Route 1 and Route 2. The current route
map for weekday service does not change. The proposed changes to transit services have
been posted in the City buses and on the City website. Changes to the Transit
Demonstration Service are proposed to become effective August 1, 2016.
BACKGROUND
On August 10, 2013, the City began a Transit Demonstration Service program, increasing
Moorpark City Transit operating hours from 6:00 am to 6:00 pm Monday through Friday to
5:00 am to 8:00 pm Monday through Friday and adding Saturday service between 8:00 am
and 5:00 pm. The Transit Demonstration Service is funded with Congestion Mitigation and
Air Quality (CMAQ) Funds, with a local match of 11.47%. The City's CMAQ grant (totally
$602,004 for all Transit Demonstration Services)was intended to provide three(3)years of
service, in order for the service to gain enough ridership to justify continuing service at the
end of the three (3) years. If CMAQ money remains after the three (3)years, the City can
continue to use the remaining funds until all money has been expended, or a total of five
(5) years has occurred.
The Ventura County Transportation Commission has Performance Levels that the City can
use as guidelines as far as determining whether or not to continue a demonstration service.
Table 1 of the following page describes those Performance Levels.
303
Honorable City Council
June 15, 2016
Page 3
Table 1: Transit Demonstration Project Evaluation Criteria (Fixed Route).
AT THE END OF TWELVE MONTHS OPERATION
Performance Level
Calculated Total Farebox Ratio for Recommended Action
Demonstration Service
Urban Service DAR Service
Less than 6.00% Less than 3.00% Provider may discontinue services.
6.00% or more 3.00% or more Provider will continue service with
modifications if needed.
AT THE END OF TWO YEARS OPERATION
Less than 10.00% Less than 5.00% Provider may discontinue service.
10.00% or more 5.00% or more Provider will continue service with
modifications if needed.
AT THE END OF THREE YEARS OPERATION
Less than 15.00% Less than 7.00% Provider may discontinue service.
15.00% - 20.00% 7.00% - 10.00% Provider may consider modifying
and continuing service.
20.00% or higher 10.00% or higher Provider will continue service with
modifications if needed.
304
Honorable City Council _
June 15, 2016 -
Page 4
DISCUSSION
Fixed Route Transit Service:
Table 2: Demonstration Service Ridership and Expenses, July 2015 — December 2015
MOORPARK CITY TRANSIT - DEMO TOTALS&
COMPARISONS
Dec CASH TICKETS. VCTC Passes TOTALS YEAR YTD Lan Year
RIDERSHIP: - FARES TOKENS &Transfers MONTH AGO 2015-16 YTD
Regular Fare(StudenuMuh) 255 10 22 287 302 2,080 2,365
Senior&Disabled-Free 32 36 243 216
Children 5&under&PCAs-free 37 28 136 145
Total Ridership 255 10 22 356 366 2,459 2,726
Average Riders Per Hour 2 0 0 3 2 3 2
REVENUE: Cash Fares Prepaid
Fares $248 $10 $258
Year Ago $281 $22 $303
YTD Total $1,859 $69
Total Route Systems Revenue $258.00 $303.00 $1,927.50 $2,313.50
Total Demo Hours 129.34 192.67 889.86 1,199
Hourly Rate 551.36 $51.00
Demo Expense(subtotal) $6,642.90 $9,826.17 $45,703.20 $81,162.26
CNG Fuel $804.79 $1,363.36 $6,245.93 $11,447.91
Contract Expense(Demo Total) $7,447.69 $11,189.53 $51,949.13 $72,610.17
Farebox Ratio 3.46% 2.71% 3.71% 3.19%
Cost Per Passenger $20.92 $30.57 $21.13 $26.64
Table 2 above includes ridership attributed to Saturday service, as well as four additional
trips provided per day Monday through Friday as part of the CMAQ grant for the first six
months of FY 2015/16 (third year of the demonstration service), compared to the same
time period in FY 2014/15.
The third year of the Transit Demonstration Service has seen a ridership decrease of
9.79% during the first six months of FY 2015/16 compared to the first six months of FY
2014/15. Revenue has decreased 16.68%during the same time period. The farebox ratio
has increased slightly, from 3.19% to 3.71%, which is due to the 28.45% cost reduction
that is a result of the service adjustments made at the beginning of FY 2015/16. The
farebox ratio goal for the third year of a transit demonstration service is 20.00% or greater.
With such a low farebox ratio, the City has the option of either continuing the service as is,
adjusting the service to attempt to increase ridership and decrease costs, or, discontinue
the service entirely. Staff is recommending discontinuing the service entirely, and
establishing new standard service hours as detailed in Table 3 on the following page.
305
Honorable City Council
June 15, 2016
Page 5
Table 3: Proposed Weekday Fixed Route Transit Hours
Route Start End Start End Start End
(pre-demo) (pre-demo) (current) (current) (proposed) (proposed)
Route 1 7:00 am 6:00 pm 7:00 am 6:30 pm 7:00 am &30 pm
Route 2 6:10 am 4:53 pm 5:00 am 8:00 pm 6:00 am 6:00 pm
Dial-A-Ride (DAR) Paratransit Services — Weekday:
Moorpark currently provides weekday Senior DAR and ADA Paratransit services.
Moorpark is federally obligated to provide Intra-City ADA Paratransit services for any
potential passenger within%of a mile of any of MCT's fixed route bus services. Moorpark
goes beyond that service requirement and offers ADA Paratransit service for anybody with
a valid ADA card for travel within Moorpark as well as Inter-City travel to neighboring cities.
Moorpark also offers the Senior Dial-A-Ride service to Moorpark residents aged 65 or older
for travel within the City. Throughout the three years of the Transit Demonstration Service,
very few passengers (Senior or ADA) have used the service beyond the standard hours of
service (6:00 am to 6:00 pm). In December 2015, for example, there were 2 trips out of
149 (or 1.3%) provided that month. Weekday demonstration service trips have averaged
between 1% to 3% of ridership. Due to lack of ridership, staff is recommending reducing
the service hours for weekday DAR and ADA Paratransit services from 6:00 am to 8:00 pm
to 6:00 am to 6:00 pm, to follow the new fixed route service hours.
Dial-A-Ride Paratransit Services —Weekend:
Moorpark currently provides weekend Senior DAR and ADA Paratransit services(Saturday
and Sunday) from 8:00 am to 5:00 pm. The Saturday DAR service averages 3 trips per
Saturday and the Sunday service averages 1 trip per Sunday. The average number of
trips per day provided on weekdays is 6.6 trips per day. Based upon the limited number of
trips provided on the weekend, staff is proposing to end weekend Senior DAR and ADA
Paratransit services. Weekend DAR services may resume in the future if the East County
Transit Alliance, which the City of Moorpark is a member of, establishes weekend service
for the InterCity (travel to other cities) DAR program.
FISCAL IMPACT
The draft FY 2016/17 budget includes $136,500.00 in CMAQ funding, Fund (2604), and
$17,685.00 in Traffic Systems Management Fund (2001) for the required 11.47% local
match. Ending the demonstration service effective August 1, 2016, is estimated to save
the City approximately $16,211.
306
Honorable City Council
June 15, 2016
Page 6
STAFF RECOMMENDATION
Approve canceling the Transit Demonstration Service as detailed in the staff report.
Attachments:
1) Draft Route 1 Service Schedule
2) Draft Route 2 Service Schedule
307
0 2222 °-.22222222222222 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0.2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
• Cl- aaa p a a a a Cl- a a a a a a a a a a. 4 aaaaa coT r N C) C) Va a N a a a m a. a. a. a a.
r a O cor C) U) U) m pp N T O . op T V V m m O °C) r M V m N O
N N N N m N N CO C) C) C) N N CO H r) V V V ♦ coU N 0 0 0 O r m r m- (V N N N N N N C)
~ V V Q ,0 ,-, V V Q V V V V V V V V V V V 4 4 V U) U) U) U) U) C 6 CO (n U) U) U) (n U) U) U)
a)
E
V m 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
CD CL a a a 0 a a a a a a a a a a a a a n a a a a a a a a a a a a a mama a a
G N_ V m 6,T 0010 V a U) ID N m 0 N C) t` N co N N M V co T T V CO T 001 .10 CO
Q m Cl N Cl N N N N N cos co C) C) C) C) to Ch V V V .4 V V V to U) m U) O 0 O O 0
C) Cl 6 M C 6 C) in H) C) in C) M in C) C) M M C) C") C) C) in M C) C) M C) C) M C) C) 644444
co 22220-222222222E2222 2 22222220-2222222222
a a aaa 0 a a a a a a a a a aaaa a s a s aaaaa p a a a a a aaaa a
m N T r V U) N CO T T O N d U) (D N CO N N M N N m O) mV m r C) V U) N T O M
l O O O r m N N N N N N N N C) C) M C) Cl M C) V E V V m U) U) m U) U) 0 O
N N N N C N N N N N N N N N Cl N N (V N N Cl N N N N N N C N N N N N (N N N M C)
2 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 `2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0-2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
n a
Cl- aa Cl °- a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a s aaaaa p a a a a a a a a a a
V ON mG OD 0 OrD N < NC, N m N V 030001 .0003 LP IOo W
~ N - 0 0 OO O O O O Cl (' M fl V V U (]
NCN . rrrrrrCr . rr rrr . r
22220_22222222222222 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 E 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
m < « < .0-« « « < < < 0. 0. 0_ 0_ 0_ s a 0000.
a Cl C) U1 N h 0 r C) U) (0 (0 I-- c00 r Cl C) V m m 066 .0 lD N O N fN T " N t7 (n C.- 07
V V N N m)(n m U) to U) U) U) m (n 0 0 0 0 O 0 O O N N N N C) C) Cl C) M C) O
C N N N N N Cl N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
m < < < ¢ o < < ¢ < a ¢ ¢ < < < a ¢ < < < < < < a <
I0 (0 N T 7 4) V m 0- 03 T T 0 r 01 et U) m N m N Cl C) 0 V
'C N U) 0 0 solo 0 0 0 0 0 Ni N N Cl C) t7
F O O O .. .. .. . .. . .. .
CO 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2222222 ,2E22222222
c- V < a a a O < < < < a < < < < < ¢ < < < < < < < < < < < o < < < < < < < < < <
(D O Q. V m 8 T O N h V V U) m N m O r N C) N N m (� N M v m N T V m m T O N V U)
(V F O ,,es, U) m W m O O O O O O 000 r r r r m- r r N N N N N04,1010 Ch (h V V .01. V
- Qj Qj Qj C ai 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O O O O O O O O C O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Q)
U
22220-22222222222222 2. 2- 22222242222222222
, O n a ¢ ¢ ¢ o a ¢ ¢ < ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ a a ¢ ¢ a ¢ a a,i< < < < < < O < < < < < < < < <
Q .= ,r00- 040,010000- 0- 00M0040) .0. 00 o n':3 O N N m T r V m M y (n N m 0 C,
N N I, m 0 M r) my ' N v v V V V m tom m U) (n o - N N N cn M M (n M M v V
> m CO Uo i6 c m CO do m m co m m Co m do m 0-o CO 6 a"1 m 6 6 of 0-i of of ci m 6 0 of 6i 6 m of
O
LU N 22220-222E2222222222 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
a
< « < 0 « « « < < « « « < « « « « « « « « «
«
= O r C U) m T r N C) C) V U) m 0p T O N (0 CO N 7 N C) h m O CO N T O r M M CO T
1-- M M 6001 m M M V NI. V V V V V • V U) .0 U) (O CD 0000000 r r N N N N N N
A N r- r; C r- N r- C- r- r- N N n R r r N r` N N. N m m di m m m 0-i m m ni do iti Uo 0o 0 o0
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
a . < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <
S • . . • L L . O O r N V N T m m co O N V N m
F.
000000 0 r r N N N N N
N N N N N N N n N N N N N N N N
. - a)
)
O
C
4)
N
N
m
h a
a
I p .
0 O
10 ID 5
S m E V L m « t
N C m C EEE ; O m O o o o Y C O
a a E `I4 8 0- 8 E @J > LL U- E = a o U
co 7. D. co c co c Ln c v o o m ), m N Y ii E E flI
c cc d mm m o m _ a I w s a57--',. <-) $ 0- io
m• m 6 $ m c c m 3 c m -o v E m m - m c m
3 a H e c U a c a v > o 'm 0- U n c
al 0 E E N 'c � m � 2 •.au o @) � � w $ m r r co m o � a) 8 c a z "'0 0 ` 0
'- o m` m cn = °o c m -- -- a o m w w a al m ¢ $ o E c E w $
K O p m m 0. m p ,� O O v c .� o _ Z CO m Y .E 2 o o o Z E U Z Y D 0 0
R D D O C m m V N p ,.- _ T, 0m m m O D Y 0 :0 = ELOm c z • a
O• < 0oL ¢ 1p10pCOto 0m16mT8rn.C2m m c ,00ambmVmmEr c0U D2 `m c4
u- 'I m my ° v ` o = 0an b _c- mr m m $ a mao2a aMa E o o)o E. w
ma maa mDDOCaY08i` m aaa '� Ua a > t 0 a— aafm m � .c mU o
• .. a m m m h 0-i ami Y m m D m A w c m r E O E ` Y U 8, m 0 c
a oC 2 2 -(-1 0 i o m U m 0 to g '_ m
0 ¢ C m 2 m m m — 2 2 m 0. al lH� C . 0-1 p U U m °C ( CO0-C) - a m 2 0-T.� 0-i— c c U U m = _ = a a '� Y d D D c U@)a 6 a a c m m m U 0
U m U c m cr or m _m m cr m m = 0 a s o 0 m (d m u) p . W -0-"Cr
02- = .2 E m m m h c a 02 m .) u L 01 o ` o c o) rn E B a c po' c a, a. 0-8 6 _ _ > m
>_ O Q a o N N N S O O m m N m N N a. d 0 ` O d m a.n. O W O O O m N 'c 'm O1 O0 E tT a
U2 )- 2 (7i= i= i= 2223 � t= aaacnv� 2 ¢ 2Oacornaic� 5c� 2033axira o i
✓ N C) V U) m N 00 T O r r N Cm T O N C) V U) m N m D) - N V O M NCp
.- ) 'C U) r(D I...r r N N N N N N N N N N C) C) M M M C7 3 0 8
7 2 2 2 2 2 (n a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a a a a aa
V 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 E 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 E 2 2 2 2 2 2 a O
M a V Q):T, (Nn UV) h 2n h U)) O O N N N N N N C)N N M M l7 M N 2 2 P V V V P V K V V V V (2CI S
N r
V P P V V P V P u) an in (n in U) U) an u') 6 an in 4) U) 4) u) an In (n an in Un an h u) (0 (n in U) u) (n (n in
C
a)
E
L o f 222222222 2 2 22222 '722222222222222222222222
U a a a a a a a a. a s a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
f4= a < m o u�i L7, 2 h) N rn 0) o N M V n n m m m NN N N m N N 'i-z.., m N o C) C) m o o Q
Q 1- n 0 M M 0 0 M M 0 P P P P P P P P P P P V P P P V P P P P P P V P P P P P P V P <
m 222222- 2772 2 2 222 '72222222222222222222222222
a a s a a aa n. a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
P
COO N C) V 0O m m 0- m O) 0 .- N N C) r[) m CO0 - N C) V u) 0 0 CO m 0) 0 0 .- CO m N
rN N N N N N N N (7 C) M CO 0 V
C7 co C) P P V P P V y (0 0 O 0 0 0 N N
N N 04 N N N N N N N N f') C) C) C) M C) C) C) C) C) C) C) 0) 0) 0) C) C) 0) C) C) C) C) C) C) C) C) 6. C) C) C)
CL a a a a a a a a a a Cl a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
Cl Mm O) V coN N u00 CnS '- N Vh r OO .- N N 0, in P n m n r m 0) CO V N O
F 0) C7 M V V V V V V N a? n n O O O O O O O
..- .- N N N N N N N N N .. (V N N. N N N. N.
N N N N N N N N
22222222222 2 2 2 2 22222222227222222222222222
r a.pp a a a a a a a a a a a aa aVa a a a a a a a a a a. a a a a a a a a a
'C M (7 (n M V V V V V V N Cpp (2n a a a a a a(n (O 2 (On 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N N (7 V V m m n m m Q) V 0 O
H N N N Ni N N N N N N N N N N N N N '" '" - •• •• •' - '"
a < C < < ¢ ¢ 2 2 < < < < < < < < CCaaaaaaaaaaa ` 2aan < 4Z < < < aaa
a V m co o - - 0) (0 r V V (n CO In CO 0 0 o .- n P (0 CO 0) 0 N N e) V (n CO 10 r CO m CO u) rn
',..=.. N N N N C) C) 0) (') 0) (') V V V V V P V Y) N (n (L) u) IC) U) (t) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
co a ¢ ¢ a C C C a C a C C C a C a C a a a a a a C C C a a C C C C . C ¢ C
-a IN N (o (V N) (o 'N) (o c''.--, V V V V m V m sV o (n o 6 m m) ,co' o 0 0 0 N 0 0 0 0 Cl 0 0 m m C)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
N
CDS V F, C d.-♦1CCCaCCCi .1
-i c .” ( -
L ( C . m0) O O
Pm
U . NVnr ON ',Nn m M .', .,P' (P m rV m P V) O N M 2 (rn N O O O o 0 a 0 CO 0 0
D OQm m T at m O0O ,ii., °) O ° O ° O ° O ° O Om O
°f O O O O O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
r
N Q
o '��! M < C ¢ < < ' < < < CC C CCCCCCCCCCCCaCCCCCaCCCCCCC
cc V G N V u) to CO 01 0) V u) N N CO V )O 0 r CO CO O) V0 n m 0) °) 0 0 NCO V V 0 (O m •- C') n
cc Q) H % N N N CO CO (7 (') CO CO CO C CO 0 P P V V P V V P (n N Y) Y) (n to 0 N Y) ) O O O
6 m m m m m CJ) m m m W 6 m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m C° C° m m m m m m m 0) O) 4)
W
(" aC `¢ iaCCCaCC CCCCC < CCCCCC ¢ Ca < CCCCC < CCCCCCC
a
L 1 C) V m n m 0 N V N N CN O M V rO m m OV N V V r V m V V U) (O L M CIO Ih n ' O
O
• N.: r n r r N- n n n r n r n n O r O O O O
n r r r n r r r r r r r n r r r r r (id m ro
2 22222222 7 '77222222227222222222222222222
¢ 0.1¢ Q Q Q Q Q CO Q Q Q .d Q dd a d Q Q Q d Q ¢ Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q ¢ Q Q ¢ QnOo0omC) oy ( MM < O0hNNoOH O o Q Qv a?' M c) 0 ) CO V. V CO V V CO V. V u .0h CO .a-,) S
m m (O 6 m m (O m (D m 00 m (m (O m (O 0 m On (O (D in On in m (O (O (O co (O O (O m in m m <O (O n r r
Cn
=
N
N
O
y F ¢ N
O N (n
C
rnEEoa c oEE ow E ` m � w a ° a
E
U
Om � o Em �E2 5uE v � I ; m 0m' a o - N m va
. cu 'jE « ja EE5 (o <- t ; a3z8E a , 0C oc ZEoen yZ o . ° E6 ) U
W aE E o w a- ? 8Ecm y t a t co 0oaz �° d ° m E E c `
f-v E g_ n w (n ° U co 'g Li,
t, z0aw E 8 8 m I-. m o
o o 0 0 5 3m w E _ c rm S ay n, O z $ 5.oEl" E EU ' c E ` - - gEoO $$ Uasm (wZEom m ..,o > am 0, mmtii:
1:C ° ° 2 ' c > / % U c or - m _ 7o m 8 ' 'amUmUr - vQ m
= d 2 E E f c m1EcYcmvm )'- = - - ,:3
a xU2 aU oo .� U - o 3q ° yamoam $ Z °
y a r y 6 j a g (nim -c Uas t U m tL S U d » a o m LL o m r c mm ° a 8 c o m 'd °- 0 a aa _ a _ .6 .0 0 °o mm % c o mv U
nYb .6iE ° m m a 0, .0 o f t � 'c m "R 'm - a o m ° 23a 5E2 u
t3)Mo as Yi2 ci . Emmro m mF ad ° o an an an eN on 2
aco n a 0 -6 6 0 a. o L' c = U U .c .` L •E °� • a • . • . °�
_ n '12. > > d > m
o cn h n 4n n c y Lu cm c'.0 aN 0 Lo > > 0 _ > jtQQQ - 0Qo - a
QEE = o = o > oo. vwaoc .tcc . 6 ' t 4 ° m • o0
6 _ _ ¢ E m m o -06 2'
oao E a nv m 5 Uaai5 § 0o oyaaG naaQv.FA
_
F N (7 V n m rco ., o - -4- n m n m O O N N N N N N N 2 N 2 Cm Q
C"2, C) C) C) 57 P 309