HomeMy WebLinkAboutAGENDA REPORT 1988 0406 CC REG ITEM 09C ,Fog .3n(►�
t ITEM 9• C •
MOORPARK
JOHN PATRICK LANE STEVEN KUENY
Mayor o,aK °"� City Manager
ELOISE BROWN o°P °9 CHERYL J. KANE
Mayor Pro Tern F ; City Attorney
JOHN GALLOWAY PATRICK RICHARDS, A.I.C.P.
Councilmember O Director of
CLINT HARPER, Ph.D. o o Community Development
Councilmember R. DENNIS DELZEIT
BERNARDO M. PEREZ q9 TED �� ^ City Engineer
Councilmember JOHN V. GILLESPIE
MAUREEN W. WALL Chief of Police
City Clerk THOMAS P. GENOVESE
City Treasurer
M E M O R A N D U M
TO: The Honorable City Council
FROM: Patrick J. Richards, Director of Community Development
DATE: April 1, 1988 (CC meeting of 4/6/88)
SUBJECT: PUBLIC HEARING ON 1988-89 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT BLOCK
GRANT - ENTITLEMENT PROGRAM - ($105,266.)
Background
The City of Moorpark is eligible for two different Community
Development Block Grant (CDBG) programs. One of these
programs, the Small Cities program is administered through the
State with funds provided by the U.S. Department of Housing and
Urban Development (HUD) . The Small Cities program has been in
effect in Moorpark since 1985. The amount of this grant is
$600,000. This is a single award and is being used exclusively in
an agreement between the City and Cabrillo Economic Development
Corporation to develop the 62 unit Villa Campesina project for low
income housing.
The other grant, the Entitlement program (also known as the Urban
County program) is also funded through HUD, but is administered
through the County. The Entitlement grant is a multiple year
program initially established for a three year period over the
years 1986; 1987; and 1988. The funding is allotted separately
each year. The County of Ventura and the six smaller cities in the
County are eligible to participate in the Entitlement program.
PJR:MAR:crl
799 Moorpark Avenue Moorpark, California 93021 (805) 529-6864
April 1 , 1988
Page 2
Funds received by the City could be used for any eligible
community development activity. The funds must address one of
the three national objectives of the program, i.e. benefit low and
moderate income people, eliminate or prevent slums and blight or,
when no other financial resources are available, meet other
community needs which are particularly urgent because existing
conditions pose a serious or immediate threat to the health and
welfare of the community. General categories of eligible projects
are economic development, housing development or rehabilitation and
public facilities. Pursuant to federal requirements a minimum of
60% (formerly 510) of funds allocated must be used to benefit low
income persons. This is determined by eligible census tracts.
The funding has been previously allocated to the City of Moorpark
as follows:
Project Amt./
Year Admin. Amt. Use Approved by City_ Council
1986-87 $113,160./ Curb, gutters, & Sidewalks in the Virgina Colony
area.
$ 20,500. Senior Citizens Center
1987-88 $113,546./ $3,546. Virgina Colony improvement (see above)
$75,000. Cabrillo EconomicDevelopment Corp. to
fund predevelopmencosts for housing
for low and moderateincome households.
$ 5,000. Networking for Housing in Ventura
County to establish a revolving loan
fund for affordable housing projects.
$30,000. Senior Citizen Center
$ 20,570. Senior Citizen Center
1988-89 $105,266./ (To be determined)
$ 19,070. (To be determined)
The 1988-89 year in the program is the final year of a three year
program. It is not known presently if the program will be
extended beyond the three years.
PJR:MAR:crl
CDBG/G/PCAGENDA
April 1 , 1988
Page 3
Discussion
The City has received proposals from four (4) outside organizations
requesting funds from the City through the CDBG Entitlement
Program. Two of the organizations were appropriated funds in the
second year of the program and have returned again this year to
request funds (Cabrillo Economic Development Corporation and
Networking for Housing in Ventura County) . A summary of the
proposals is listed below.
1 . Cabrillo Economic Development Corp.
CEDC is requesting a continuation of funding for
predevelopment costs associated with a low and moderate
income housing project. The project would consist of 50
units for a yet to be determined site within the City
limits. Cabrillo was awarded $75,000 last year (second
program year) . For the third program year, CEDC is
requesting $50,000. This is an eligible activity as a
special subrecipient.
2. Networking for Housing in Ventura County_
This proposal is a request for $50,000 to be utilized as a
continuation of last year's request to establish a revolving
loan fund for low and moderate income housing. The
ultimate site in which these funds would be used could be
anywhere in the County. In the second year of the
entitlement program, the Council authorized $5,000. to
Networking for the purpose requested. This is an
appropriate CDBG eligible activity as a special subrecipient.
3. Zoe Christian Center - N.E. E. D Program
This organization operates a shelter for the homeless which
is presently located in Oxnard. The shelter apparently has
a need to be relocated from its existing location to another
location in Oxnard. A request of $30,000. is being made to
assist in this relocation. It is expected that this will be
a three year project. This is an eligible CDBG activity as
a site acquisition project to benefit low and moderate
income persons.
Staff Comment
The ZOE proposal was sent to the City with no prior or
subsequent contact with staff. No prior information was
known about this organization. In staff's contact with the
County, it was learned that ZOE has made similar proposals
to at least one other City in the County and the County
itself. There are certain concerns that the County has in
the ability of this organization to complete its project.
PJR:MAR:crl
CDBG/G/PCAGENDA
April 1 , 1988
Page 4
These may be too great a reliance on the part of ZOE on
certain types of funding that may not be realistic. This in
turn would jeopardize use of any CDBG funding that the
City may award to the organization. It would also
complicate the staff's administration of a contract with
this organization.
4. Catholic Charities of Ventura County
This proposal is for a contribution to an outreach social
service program. This would provide programs and services
to provide assistance to zero and low income persons. Some
specific needs satisfied through this organization are in
assisting with food, clothing, shelter, employment, medical,
basic necessity goods, advocacy and referral. The casework
and follow up by the organization and coordination with
other public agencies (essentially the administrative
aspects) is part of the funding request. This is an
eligible CDBG activity as a public service. However, please
note that a maximum of 150 of CDBG funding may be devoted
to a public service. The $20,000. amount requested exceeds
this limit. Of the total project and administrative funding
($105,266 + $19,070) of $124,336. , the 150 limit would be
$18,650.
Staff Comment
Although the proposal requests funding for a worthwhile
purpose, there are some inherent weaknesses involved. The
proposal is for a public service activity. Under federal
requirements the City staff administration of a contract
with this organization could become very time consuming.
CDBG funded projects must document that the geographic
area served (such as for a housing project) is eligible as a
low and moderate income area. This is fairly easy to
demonstrate. However, public service projects generally
benefit individual persons or families rather than a
geographic area and each person or family must be
adequately documented as eligible. The City staff in
administering a contract with this organization may very
well get heavily involved in the "social casework" aspect of
this documentation.
The need for assisting this type of organization would be
better accommodated at the regional level. Several cities
in the County have been contacted by this organization.
Rather than each city participating, the County's concern is
that it would be easier for the County to administer this
program. There is an indication, that later this year, the
County may be better equipped to accommodate this.
PJR:MAR:crl
CDBG/G/PCAGENDA
April 1 , 1988
Page 5
(Please note: following the Council's action on this matter,
each recipient of funds will be required to submit a twelve
page project proposal that is forwarded to the County for
review. Of the four organizations requesting funding this
is the only one that has not already submitted the County
required proposal form. This could delay, the staff
processing of the grant application package to the County.
5. City Request for Public Improvements
The City staff is requesting consideration of continued
funding for public improvements consisting of curbs,
gutters, and sidewalks in an area of need. In the first and
second years of the program, a total of $116,706 was
authorized by the Council to install curbs, gutters, and
sidewalks in the Virginia Colony area (Nogales Avenue and
Avenida Colonia) . The above amount may very well not
complete all the work necessary for those two streets.
Additional funding from the third year may be necessary to
complete this project. In addition the downtown area is in
great need of these types of improvements. The draft
downtown plan even recommends CDBG funding as one of the
potential funding sources. This is an eligible CDBG
activity as a public facility.
A total of four proposals have been received requesting a total of
$150,000. Obviously this total cannot be accommodated. Since the
total amount of the grant for the third year is only $105,266.
(plus $19,070.) It is much easier to process and administer a
contract for a single project than several. With a relatively
small amount of money that $105,266. is the fewer the projects
involved would give greater benefit to those who are authorized by
the Council.
Recommended Action
Pending public testimony, utilize all 1988-89 funds for a physical
public improvement program and authorize the staff to proceed with
processing of the grant with the County of Ventura pursuant to
federal requirements.
rMALIFORNIA Attachment: 1 . Proposal dated March 21 , 1988 from Cabrillo
MQ �AItl , Economic Development Corporation.
City C-01jne11 Meeting
198-L 2. Proposal dated March 22, 1988 from Networking
of� __-- $�50� for Housing in Ventura County.
�i l O
�► il 1 �
.CT I ,�Co 3. Proposal dated March 14, 1988 from ZOE
j Christian Center.
.. i 4. Proposal received February 29, 1988 from
OY ""'�` Catholic Charities of Los Angeles.
PJR:MAR:crl
CDBG/G/PCAGENDA
CEDCCabrillo Economic Development Corporation
11011 Azahar Street, Saticoy, California 93004 (805) 659-3791
March 21, 1988
2 2 13
BOARD OF DIRECTORS Michael A. Rubin {N 0 _._-
BERNARDO PEREZ Senior Planner �1/1 (j` {rr�.Vl,.A �t
President City of Moorpark
City of Los Angeles
Da t of
Water ter& 799 Moorpark Avenue
R P Power
DELFINO LOPEZ-ROJAS Moorpark, CA 93021
Vice President
Procter&Gamble
Dear Mr. Rubin:
RAUL LOZA
Second Vice President
Rancho Sespe Workers Enclosed is the CEDC' s proposal to the City of Moorpark
Improvement nt Association
VICTOR FONTAINE for CDBG funding to support the development in Moorpark
Treasurer of 50 units of housing affordable to families below 80%
Fontaine.Qwntanilla
and Associates of area median income. This proposal the City' s Housing
MARIA LUISA LOPEZ Element, which calls for the construction of 200 units
Admmstrative Aide of affordable housing for lower income families by 1989 .
to Assemblyman
Jack O'Connell CO This grant will continue the City' s commitment last year
Villa Campesina to this project, and will build on the success of the 62
Corporation
JUAN GOMEZ
iLome Villa Cammpesina mutual Sel f heir, Ll- _J_�t currently
Cabrillo Cooperative under construction. It will help make it possible or
Housing Corporation
the CEDC to continue to produce affordable housing as the
NANCY GRASMEHR
Cohen,Alexander only nonprofit developer of such housing in Ventura County.
&Clayton The CEDC' s proven record includes 288 units completed (Cabrillo
KAREN GREENSLATE Village and Santa Paula) and 189 units In or close to construction
Ventura County Religious
Coalition for the Homeless (Moorpark, Rancho Sespe, and Ventura Avenue) . Most of
ANGEL MONTELONGO these units have required and received CDBG assistance.
La Campana
An additional 319 units are in predeve1opment, includ�ny
JOHN PATTON
Energy Division the 50 units in Moorpark.
Santa Barbara County
CARMEN RAMIREZ ,,tt !!�� }o or m t11P support that We have received
Channel Counties LVGn appreciate �`"� much
Legal Sarvices from the City of Moorpark and look forward to continuing
Association
ADVISORY BOARD
Sincerely,
CHARLES COHEN
Cohen,Alexander I
&Clayton
RON HERTEL,SR %Zn
Hertel Constructors
ERNIE MORALES Karen Flock
Former Mayor of the Project Manager
City of Flllmore
AL ZAPANTA kf
.Atlan!!c Rich{elrf
Company
Enclosure
EXECUTIVE(NRECTOR
RODNEY E FERNANDEZ cc: Moorpark City Council
Teresa Cortes , Presidant, Villa Campesina Corporation
01111 A United W Agency
EXHIBIT
A community economic development corporation serving Ventura County
NETWORKING FOR HOUSING IN VENTURA COUNTY r "4"-33
1536 Eastman Ave. , Suite 6A
Ventura, CA 93003 cffy OF Ir�i:viih
(805) 644-4453
March 22 , 1988
Mike Rubin
CITY OF MOORPARK
799 Moorpark Ave.
Moorpark, CA 93021
Dear Mr. Rubin:
Enclosed is the proposal of Networking for Housing in Ventura
County for $50 , 000 in funding for the Affordable Housing Revolving
Loan Fund (RLF) . The RLF is currently capitalized at $88 , 000 .
This proposal requests an increase in capitalization of $50 , 000.
Networking for Housing in Ventura County (Networking) is also re-
questing funds from Ventura County and other local cities.
The Revolving Loan Fund assists in the development of affordable
housing for low income persons by making predevelopment resources
readily available at the local level. It is available to all de-
velopers of low income housing.
Networking for Housing in Ventura County is a coalition of local
groups dedicated to increasing the supply of affordable housing in
Ventura County.
iiictliit Y u V.,�Y
Sincerely,
� v
Lynn Jacobs
President
LJ:dg
cc: City Council
Marty Shaw-Halloway
Enclosure
EXHIBIT�
0: 10
EXPLANATION OF NEED
ATTACHMENT C
The ZOE N.E.E.D. PROGRAM—HUMAN RESOURCE CENTER is conceptually
designed to meet the short term and transitional needs of the homeless
population of Ventura County. Homelessness is continually increasing
about 257 to 30% a year according to recent state and national reports. In
Ventura County, we have experienced this increase steadily over the last
few years.
We have experienced an increase in the number of people receiving
services as well as a very large increase in the number of people
requesting shelter. Individuals that are accepted into the shelter program
now require a stay of ten to twelve weeks in order to get enough income
to move out of the shelter. In most cases, these individuals are sharing
housing with another person or family largely because permanent housing
is so expensive. Those persons who do not find another party to share
housing costs with may stay at the shelter for a longer period of time.
The graph below (Exhibit 1 .) illustrates that people who come into our
shelter programs are requiring more and more time to obtain enough
income to move out and to obtain some kind of stable housing.
HOUSING ASSISTANCE 1983-88
52660
47394
42128
N 36862
M 31596
B 26330
E 21064
R 15798
10532 .
5266
1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988
YEAR
a shelter weeks a 1988 is projected based on anticipated clients to be served.
EXHIBIT 03
It is our opinion that in 1988, most homeless persons will need between
twelve and sixteen weeks at the shelter in order to get stable enough to
move. Examining this trend, we have determined that shelters are
becoming transitional and, in some cases, permanent housing for some
people.
Our philosophy remains that shelters should not become long term
vehicles for housing people. We do not want to create a subclass society
that live in emergency shelters. Our staff and volunteers are currently
studying the effects from living in shelters for long periods of time.
Zoe currently can provide 180 shelter beds per day; however, on any given
day approximately 150 of these beds are used. The loss of beds are due to
the structure of the rooms at the Rose site. The rooms are very large and
could easily accommodate ten people each, but our policy is not to
commingle families into one room. This is added stress which people in
this condition can do without. Consequently, we lose bed space to small
families who occupy a large room. Building and Safety constraints
prevent us from doing anything about this.
Our proposed project will provide approximately 70 families or 300
persons with emergency shelter facilities. Also, to meet the growing
need for transitional housing services an additional seventy units will be
designated. These units will be utilized by people who need a longer
period of stay because of the inability to secure housing or due to
enrollment in a vocational or educational program.
Supportive services such as counseling, vocational training, various
ui u iviid N!_vyi aiii�, t. iiiu �-di" e, 1uou assistance, med1ca I ass Istance, an
a variety of ancillary services will be provided for clients. The key issue
in this project is the involvement of many different service providers
under one roof. Homeless people have a very difficult time trying to qet
transportation to helping agencies. This project will eliminate "charity
tag" for clients because services will be located in one area. Clients are
often referred all over town for services. On many occasions, clients run
around ail day frorn agency to agency only to find out that they can't be
helped. This is a very frustrating experience for those that go through it.
Some questions may be raised as to what Zoe will do with the Mission and
Hamilton hotels and the women's shelter in Oxnard, Our answer to this
question is that over the last five to ten years residential hotels have
decresed drastically. This decrease in housing is one of the causes of
homelessness because many low income people live in these facilities.
Our goal is to use the hotels and women's facility as residential hotels.
This type of living arrangement is needed by single homeless persons or
homeless persons who have a fixed income. We will phase out the use of
these facilites as emergency shelters to low cost housing,
It will take at least five to ten years for affordable housing stock to
increase enough to meet a substantial part of the need in this community.
Residential hotels will be a "stop gap solution" until permanent housing
becomes available to the homeless.
Our final goal with this project is to work with an organization like
Cabrillo Economic Development Corporation to build affordable housing
with supportive service programs for the homeless. Located next to the
Site is approximately 1 J acres of 'vacant lalld that l Vllid be developed for
housing.
Our site development plan (Attachment H) calls for us to meet with
comunity service agencies that may be interested in moving into the new
facility. Agencies such as the Private Industry Council, Meals On Wheels,
FOOD Share, United Way, Senior Programs, Ventura County Mental Health,
Commission On Human Concerns and others were interviewed as to the
project goal. In general, most of the agencies indicated a desire to join
in the project. Those agencies that did not want to physically locate in
i i�C ac i i Cy Uiu SLdI e L[)dL Lille project was good f or the community. No
agency stated that the project was not needed.
A final point to mention concerning the need for the project can be
illustrated in exhibit 2. In exhibit 2 the client geographic scope is shown
for the total individuals served in our programs for 1987, The clients that
need our services the most come from the west part of the county. All
other cities or areas ( Camarillo, Fillmore, Moorpark, Newbury Park, Pt.
Mugu, Pt. Hueneme, Santa Paula, Simi Valley, Thousand Oaks, and Westlake)
account for approximately 147 of our total clients served. This rate has
remained consistent throughout our years of operation.
1987 Total Clients Served
1080
972
864
n 756
U 648
m
b 540
e 432
r 324
216
108
0
non county other cities ventura oxnard
area
0 area ®number served
Our proposed new site is strategically located near the freeway. Clients
from throughout the county will not have a difficult time getting to the
center. Even if transportation for some clients is a problem, we could
easily establish pickup points at outlying agencies to make arrangements
for transportation to the shelter.
One opinion may be that we are bringing too many people from other cities
I Ir... nP — jj r.n-+ln i� �n i nn�ifinn nn li inhn
.,u, yIJCAI �rul ,�� �l Vl l N�opl e back. „��
the community where they came from unless individuals come from
outside the county. in these cases, non-county residents usually are
1+inemployed and looking for work.
In addition to the above mentioned fact, it is economically wise to support
one major county facility for the homeless than to have five or six
projects throughout the county. One major reason for this is that there is.
not enough funding available to support more than one facility in the
county. It would be detrimental to the agencies and the clients if several
facilities were created but not enough funds avalible to operate them all.
Turf ism and rampant competition for funds would result in this type of a
pol icy.
Our plan is to operate this project with private support, grants and on site
business ventures. We realize that there is not enough funding available
so we must look for new methods to operate this project.
In summary ,either we continue to have political rivalary and turf Ism
amongst social service agencies in Ventura County or we can initiate a
new spirit of cooperation. This project will begin a new era for social
service agencies in Ventura County. It has been proven in places like San
Antonio that creating a social service "mini-mall concept" reduces
political rivalry, promotes cooperation and increases funding
opportunities for participating agencies (see article "Homeless Model").
Our project wil be a national model. Ventura County will be the leaders in
providing a comprehensive program for addressing the homeless problem.
Many other cities will want to duplicate our efforts.
0
CNTbOli C cbNR1Z1`S MOST REVEREND ROGER M.MAHONEY
LENORE MARTINEZ,L.C.S.W. OF LOS ANGELES ARCHBISHOP OF LOS ANGELES
REGIONAL DIRECTOR
REVEREND R.DAVID COUSTIVE D,L.C.S.W.
SANTA BARBARA PASTORAL REGION
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
ROSEMARY VARESIO
ASSOCIATE REGIONAL DIRECTOR
MEMORANDUM
TO: CITY OF MOORPARK
CITY COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT BLOCK GRANT DEPT.
FROM: Lenore Martinez, Regional Direct0�<fit'
Catholic Charities, Ventura county
REQUEST: Grant Proposal for CDBG Funds
Catholic Charities of Ventura County is making a formal request for CDBG Funding for
the following in the City of Moorpark:
Funding is being requested for the expansion of an outreach Social service Program
which includes the following programs and services:
1. Evaluation of needs involving clients who are zero or low-income,
experiencing difficulties with meeting their basic needs, ie. , shelter, food,
employment, medical , etc.
2. Distribution of cash grants for direct assistance.
3. Distribution of food, clothing, and general in-kind goods.
4. Advocacy and referral .
5. General Casework services and follow-up.
5. Coordination of services by networking with community agencies .
mm� ir + of roniincf - aqn nnn fnr calary for one Dart-time Social Worker and
one full-time clerical clerk.
If this request meets the eligibility requirements for your current CDBG fund, I
would appreciate information regarding your formal application process.
-- �tt�tidt✓ —'
THANK YOU
EXHIBIT CITY OF MOORPA '<
607 WEST MAIN STREET 205 NORTH"H"STREET,SUITE 106
609 EAST HALEY STREET P.O.BOX 665
SANTA BARBARA,CA 93103 SANTA MARIA,CA 93454 LOMPOC,CA 93438
(805)965-7045 1805)922-2059
(805) 736-6226
IMMIGRATION SERVICE IMMIGRATION SERVICE
(805)965-1477 18051 922-8828
ACCREDITED-COUNCIL ON ACCREDITATION
MEMBER AGENCY OF UNITED WAY
Catholic Charities offers a family-oriented social service
through professional counseling and the provision of Christian Service Program
temporary emergency material aid to families and in-
dividuals regardless of faith, race or income.
The agency has a deep, abiding philosophy of service to
humanity and particularly for that portion that finds
itself with temporary or longer-term problems for which
there appear to be no immediate solutions. It deals with
problem areas that can affect individuals or families in
any segment of the population. It also helps those who Cathofic
are economically disadvantaged or who need to be guid=
ed to other appropriate or specialized agencies. (Charities
Each individual who is assisted to become self-sufficient
helps all of us to meet the common goals of humanity.
Should we all then not share in this work in a manner
which best fits our own situation in life?
Catholic Charities welcomes any form of support that I►ENTURA COUNTY DIVISION
can be individually given in the way of material goods,
financial support or volunteer effort.
Touching
VENTURA COUNTY OFFICES the hurting family
BILINGUAL STAFF
VENTURA OXNARD
231 East Main Street 402 North A Street
Ventura, Calif.93001 Oxnard,Calif.93030
(805)643-4694 (805)486-2900
MOORPARK COUNSELING: 483-9466 I A�
ACCREDITED
77 First Street SANTA PAULA
Moorpark, Calif.93021 133 North Mill Street
(805)529-0720 Santa Paula, Calif.93060
OASIS (805)527.1719
2532 Ventura Blvd. THOUSAND OAKS QF:(Z A United Way Member Agency
Camarillo, Calif. 93010 215 N. Moorpark Road,Suite H /
(805)987-2083 Thousand Oaks, Calif.91360
(805)495.9940 (805)496-1113
EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE COUNSELING
FOOD • CLOTHING • FURNITURE FAMILY • INDIVIDUAL • FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
MEDICAL • HOUSINCI CRISIS INTERVENTION
TEMPORARY, EMERGENCY, DIRECT FINANCIAL AID: INDIVIDUALIZED HELP in the framework of Catholic
To provide for basic necessities of life during a crisis. philosophy: Family oriented—English and Spanish—
Professional evaluation of the situation is made before individual, family or group.
cash is granted. When appropriate, a loan rather than a MARITAL COUNSELING to achieve a more satisfying
grant is arranged. relationship in marriage. Pre-marriage instruction and
DIRECT MATERIAL AID: Making available items of used consultation. Post marital guidance following loss of
clothing, furniture, and appliances from agency supplies spouse.
to needy individuals and families at no cost. CHILD-PARENT GUIDANCE to assist in raising emo-
tionally healthy children.
PERSONAL DIFFICULTIES including disabling
anxieties, alcoholism, drug abuse, or unwed parent-
hood.
1986 SERVICES PROVIDED OASIS Older Adults Services and Intervention System.
Provides outreach and assessments; care planning and
People helped 11,924 monitoring to frail elderly 60+ years.
Value of In-kind items donated $157.000
1986 Parish Drive support $32,000
COMMUNITY AND GROUP ACTIVITIES
CREATING A BETTER PLACE TO LIVE:
Handicapables • Pre-School • Immig,ation/Refugeas
Information & Referral • Network Christian Service • Thrift Stores