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HomeMy WebLinkAboutAGENDA REPORT 2008 1119 CC REG ITEM 10H , 9 10.A4 . city Council Meeting ACTION: . - 'd 'A MOORPARK CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT Y --�- TO: Honorable City Council FROM: John Brand, Senior Management Analyst V `" DATE: November 12, 2008 (CC Meeting of 11/19/2008) SUBJECT: Consider Professional Services Agreement with Willdan Homeland Solutions for the Update of the Local Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan BACKGROUND The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 requires that all local governments adopt an approved Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan. The purpose of the Plan is to demonstrate that the "jurisdiction's commitment to reduce risks from natural hazards, serving as a guide for decision-makers as they commit resources to reducing the effects of natural hazards. Local plans will also serve as the basis for the State to provide technical assistance and to prioritize project funding." The final Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan is subject to review and approval by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the California Office of Emergency Services (OES). DISCUSSION On June 18, 2008 the City Council approved an Agreement with Environ International Corporation who was the sole respondent to a Request for Proposals (RFP) to complete an update to City's Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan. Unfortunately, Environ objected to certain provision in the City's standard Professional Services Agreement. The City could not resolve those differences, or finalize the Scope of Work of Environ that was mutually satisfactory. Environ's cost proposal of $27,185 was valid for ninety (90) days, which expired August 27. Subsequently, on October 24, the City obtained a proposal from Willdan Homeland Solutions with an estimated cost of $11,500 to update the City's Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan. Willdan had not responded to the City's RFP due their work load, however, at this time they have staff available for this work. The City currently has a contract with Willdan Financial Services for CFD administration. Both firms are part of the Willdan Group of Companies. Willdan is agreeable to the terms of the City's standard Professional Services Agreement. "._}4)1,45 Honorable City Council November 19, 2008 Page 2 Although the City went through an RFP process initially, where Environ was the only proposer, the City is not obligated to undergo such process. Accordingly, given that an RFP process was used once for this project (ultimately, unsuccessfully), City staff would now recommend awarding a contract with Willdan based upon their proposal for updating the Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan. FISCAL IMPACT Proposal estimate is $11,500.00 Sufficient funds were appropriated in the FY 2008- 2009 Emergency Management budget for contractual services. STAFF RECOMMENDATION 1) Rescind June 18, 2008 City approval of the now expired proposal from Environ International Corporation. 2) Authorize the City Manager to Approve and sign the Agreement with Willdan Homeland Solutions for a cost not to exceed $11,500.00. Attachment: Agreement o0146 ATTACHMENT AGREEMENT FOR PROFESSIONAL SERVICES BETWEEN THE CITY OF MOORPARK AND WILLDAM HOMELAND SOLUTIONS FOR REVIEW, UPDATE, AND COMPLETION OF THE LOCAL MULTI- HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN This Agreement is made and entered into in the City of Moorpark on this day of , 2008, by and between the City of Moorpark ("City"), a public body, corporate and politic, and Willdan Homeland Solutions, a California corporation providing consulting services ("Consultant"). In consideration of the mutual covenants and conditions set forth herein, the parties agree as follows: I. Term This Agreement shall commence on December 1, 2008 and shall remain and continue in effect until the tasks described herein, and on any amendments hereto, are completed, unless sooner terminated pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement. 2. Services City hereby retains Consultant in a contractual capacity to perform consulting services as set forth in Exhibit A, Proposal, attached hereto and incorporated herein. If the Proposal is modified by this Agreement, or in the event there is a conflict between the provisions of the Proposal and this Agreement, the language contained in this Agreement shall take precedence. 3. Performance Consultant shall at all times faithfully, competently and to the best of his/her ability, experience, and talent, perform all tasks described herein. Consultant shall employ, at a minimum, generally accepted standards and practices utilized by persons engaged in providing similar services as are required of Consultant hereunder to meet its obligations under this Agreement. 4. Responsible Individuals The individual directly responsible for Consultant's overall performance of the Agreement provisions herein above set forth and to serve as principal liaison between Consultant and City shall be Assistant City Manager Hugh Riley, or designee. The City Manager, or his designee, shall represent City in all matters pertaining to the administration of this Agreement, review and approval of all products submitted by Consultant. The City Manager is authorized to act on City's behalf to execute all necessary documents which increase the scope of services or change Consultant's compensation, subject to Section 5 hereof. Professional Services Agreement between Page 1 of 7 City of Moorpark and Willdan Homeland Solutions j 5. Payment a) For providing services as specified in this Agreement, City shall pay and Consultant shall receive as full compensation a total sum based on fees as shown in Proposal, in no event shall total compensation for the herein described work exceed that described in the proposal without prior written authorization from City. b) In the event that additional work is required of Consultant, beyond the Scope of Work for this Agreement, Consultant may be authorized to undertake and complete such additional work only if such authorization is provided in writing, identifying the exact nature of the additional work required and a "not-to-exceed" fee to be paid by City for such work. c) Consultant will submit invoices at the completion of each of the tasks. Invoices shall be submitted on or about the first business day of the month, or as soon thereafter as practical, for services provided. Payment shall be made within 30-days of receipt of each invoice as to all non-disputed fees. If the City disputes any of Consultant's fees it shall give written notice to Consultant within 15-days of receipt of an invoice of any disputed fees set forth on the invoice. 6. Incorporation by Reference a) The City's Request for Proposals (RFP) and the Vendor's Proposal Submission are hereby incorporated in and made a part of this Agreement. In the event of a conflict the priority of documents shall be: (1) This Agreement; (2) Request for Proposals; (3) Proposal Submission. b) All exhibits herein referenced are hereby incorporated into and made a part of the Agreement. 7. Suspension or Termination of Agreement without Cause a) The City may at any time, for any reason, with or without cause, suspend or terminate this Agreement, or any portion hereof, by serving upon the Consultant at least ten (10) days prior written notice. Upon receipt of said notice, the Consultant shall immediately cease all work under this Agreement, unless the notice provides otherwise. If the City suspends or terminates a portion of this Agreement such suspension or termination shall not make void or invalidate the remainder of this Agreement. b) In the event this Agreement is terminated pursuant to this Section, the City shall pay to Consultant the actual value of the work performed up to the time of the termination, provided that the work performed is of value to the City. Upon termination of the Agreement pursuant to this Section, the Consultant will submit an invoice to the City pursuant to Section 5. Professional Services Agreement between Page 2 of 7 City of Moorpark and Willdan Homeland Solutions I t O O 14 8 8. Default of Consultant a) The Consultant's failure to comply with the provisions of this Agreement shall constitute a default. In the event that Consultant is in default for cause under the terms of this Agreement, City shall have no obligation or duty to continue compensating Consultant for any work performed after the date of default and can terminate this Agreement immediately by written notice to the Consultant. If such failure by the Consultant to make progress in the performance of work hereunder arises out of causes beyond the Consultant's control, and without fault or negligence of the Consultant, it shall not be considered a default. b) If the City Manager or his/her designee determines that the Consultant is in default in the performance of any terms or conditions of this Agreement, the City Manager shall cause to be served upon the Consultant a written notice of the default. The Consultant shall have ten (10) days after service of said notice in which to cure the default by rendering a satisfactory performance. In the event that the Consultant fails to cure its default within such period of time, the City shall have the right, notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, to terminate this Agreement without further notice and without prejudice to any other remedy to which it may be entitled at law, in equity or under this Agreement. 9. indemnification for Professional Liability Consultant agrees to indemnify, protect, defend, and hold harmless the City of Moorpark, and any and all of its officials, employees, and agents from and against any and all losses, liabilities, damages, costs and expenses, including attorney's fees and costs to the extent same are caused in whole or in part by any negligent or wrongful act, error or omission of Consultant, its officers, agents, employees or sub-consultants in the performance of professional services under this agreement. 10. Indemnification for Other than Professional Liability Other than in the performance of professional services and to the full extent permitted by law, Consultant shall indemnify, defend, and hold harmless City, and any and all of its officials, employees and agents from and against any liability (including liability for claims, suits, actions, arbitration proceedings, administrative proceedings, regulatory proceedings, losses, expenses or costs of any kind, whether actual, alleged or threatened, including attorneys fees and costs, court costs, interest, defense costs, and expert witness fees), where the same arise out of, or are a consequence of, or are in any way attributable to, in whole or in part, the performance of this Agreement by Consultant or by any individual or entity for which Consultant is legally liable, including but not limited to officers, agents, employees, subconsultants, or contractors and subcontractors of Consultant. Professional Services Agreement between Page 3 of 7 City of Moorpark and Willdan Homeland Solutions 11. General Indemnification Provisions Consultant agrees to obtain executed indemnity agreements with provisions identical to those set forth here in this section from each and every subconsultant, contractor, subcontractor, or any other person or entity involved by, for, with, or on behalf of Consultant in the performance of this Agreement. In the event Consultant fails to obtain such indemnity obligations from others as required here, Consultant agrees to be fully responsible according to the terms of this section. Failure of City to monitor compliance with these requirements imposes no additional obligations on City and will in no way act as a waiver of any rights hereunder. This obligation to indemnify and defend City as set forth here is binding on the successors, assigns or heirs of Consultant and shall survive the termination of this agreement or this section. City does not and shall not waive any rights that it may have against Consultant by reason of this Section, because of the acceptance by City, or the deposit with City, of any insurance policy or certificate required pursuant to this Agreement. The hold harmless and indemnification provisions shall apply regardless of whether or not said insurance policies are determined to be applicable to any losses, liabilities, damages, costs and expenses described in Section 9 and 10 of this Agreement. 12. Insurance Consultant shall maintain prior to the beginning of and for the duration of this Agreement insurance coverage as specified in Exhibit B attached to and part of this Agreement. 13. Independent Consultant a) Consultant is and shall at all times remain as to the City a wholly independent Consultant. The personnel performing the services under this Agreement on behalf of Consultant shall at all times be under Consultant's exclusive direction and control. Neither City nor any of its officers, employees, or agents shall have control over the conduct of Consultant or any of Consultant's officers, employees, or agents, except as set forth in this Agreement. Consultant shall not at any time or in any manner represent that it or any of its officers, employees, or agents are in any manner officers, employees, or agents of the City. Consultant shall not incur or have the power to incur any debt, obligation, or liability whatever against City, or bind City in any manner. b) No employee benefits shall be available to Consultant in connection with the performance of this Agreement. Except for the fees paid to Consultant as provided in the Agreement, City shall not pay salaries, wages, or other compensation to Consultant for performing services hereunder for City. City shall not be liable for compensation or indemnification to Consultant for injury or sickness arising out of performing services hereunder. Professional Services Agreement between Page 4 of 7 City of Moorpark and Willdan Homeland Solutions 4 Ooiso 14. Notices Any notices which either party may desire to give to the other party under this Agreement must be in writing and may be given either by 1) personal service, 2) delivery by a reputable document delivery service, which provides a receipt showing date and time of delivery, or 3) mailing in the United States Mail, certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, addressed to the address of the party as set forth below or at any other address as that party may later designate by notice: City: City of Moorpark 799 Moorpark Avenue Moorpark, CA 93021 Attn: City Manager Consultant: Russ Sutter Willdan Homeland Solutions 2401 East Katella Avenue, Suite 220 Anaheim, CA 92806 15. Assignment The Consultant shall not assign the performance of this Agreement, nor any part thereof, nor any monies due hereunder, without prior written consent of the City. It is understood and acknowledged by the parties that Consultant is uniquely qualified to perform the services provided for in this Agreement. 16. Entire Agreement This written Agreement, including all writings specifically incorporated herein by reference, shall constitute the complete Agreement between the parties hereto. No oral Agreement, understanding, or representation not reduced to writing and specifically incorporated herein shall be of any force or effect, nor shall any such oral Agreement, understanding, or representation be binding on the parties hereto. Should interpretation of this Agreement, or any portion thereof, be necessary, it is deemed that this Agreement was prepared by the parties jointly and equally, and shall not be interpreted against either party on the ground that the party prepared the Agreement or caused it to be prepared. No waiver of any provision of this Agreement shall be deemed or shall constitute, a waiver of any other provision, whether or not similar, nor shall any such waiver constitute a continuing or subsequent waiver of the same provisions. No waiver shall be binding, unless executed in writing by the party making the waiver. 17. Anti-Discrimination In the performance of the terms of this Agreement, Consultant agrees that it will not engage in, nor permit such subcontractors as it may employ, to engage in discrimination in employment of persons because of the age, race, color, creed, sex, Professional Services Agreement between Page 5 of 7 City of Moorpark and Willdan Homeland Solutions 100151 sexual orientation, national origin, ancestry, religion, physical disability, medical disability, medical condition, or marital status of such persons. Violation of this provision may result in the imposition of penalties referred to in the Labor Code of the State of California Section 1735. 18. General Conditions a) Consultant agrees not to work for any private firm located within the City limits or its Area of Interest, or for any public agency where its jurisdiction includes all or part of the City without the prior written consent of the City, during the term of this Agreement. Furthermore, Consultant agrees to limit its actions related to economic interest and potential or real conflicts of interest as such as defined by applicable State law to the same standards and requirements for designated City employees. b) City shall not be called upon to assume any liability for the direct payment of any salary, wage or other compensation to any person employed by Consultant performing services hereunder for City. c) At the time of 1) termination of this Agreement or 2) conclusion of all work, all original reports, documents, calculations, computer files, notes, and other related materials whether prepared by Consultant or its subcontractor(s) or obtained in the course of providing the services to be performed pursuant to this Agreement shall become the sole property of City. Any word processing computer files provided to City shall use Microsoft Word for Windows software. d) Nothing contained in this Agreement shall be deemed, construed or represented by City or Consultant or by any third person to create the relationship of principal or agent, or of a partnership, or of a joint venture, or of any other association of any kind or nature between City and Consultant. e) In the event any action, suit or proceeding is brought for the enforcement of, or the declaration of any right or obligation pursuant to this Agreement or as a result of any alleged breach of any provision of this Agreement, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover its costs and expenses, including reasonable attorney's fees, from the losing party, and any judgment or decree rendered in such a proceeding shall include an award thereof. f) Cases involving a dispute between City and Consultant may be decided by an arbitrator if both sides agree in writing on the arbitration and on the arbitrator selected, with costs proportional to the judgment of the arbitrator. g) The captions and headings of the various Sections and Exhibits of this Agreement are for convenience and identification only and shall not be deemed to limit or define the content of the respective Sections and Exhibits hereof. Professional Services Agreement between Page 6 of 7 ; City of Moorpark and Willdan Homeland Solutions h) If any portion of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, void, or unenforceable, the remaining provisions will never-the-less continue in full force without being impaired or invalidated in any way. i) No officer, employee, director or agent of the City shall participate in any decision relating to this Agreement which affects the individual personal interest or the interest of any corporation, partnership, or association in which he is directly or indirectly interested, or shall any such person have any interest, direct or indirect, in this Agreement or the provisions thereof. 19. Governing Law The City and Consultant understand and agree that the laws of the State of California shall govern the rights, obligations, duties, and liabilities of the parties to this Agreement and also govern the interpretation of this Agreement. This Agreement is made, entered into, and executed in Ventura County, California, and any action filed in any court or for arbitration for the interpretation, enforcement or other action of the terms, conditions or covenants referred to herein shall be filed in the applicable court in Ventura County, California. 20. Authority to Execute this Agreement The person or persons executing this Agreement on behalf of Consultant warrants and represents that this individual has the authority to execute this Agreement on behalf of the Consultant and has the authority to bind Consultant to the performance of its obligations hereunder. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed the day and year first above written. CITY OF MOORPARK: CONSULTANT: Steven Kueny Russ Sutter City Manager Willdan Homeland Solutions ATTEST: Deborah S. Traffenstedt, City Clerk Professional Services Agreement between Page 7 of 7 City of Moorpark and Willdan Homeland Solutions . U S EXHIBIT B Insurance Requirements Prior to the beginning of and throughout the duration of the Work, Consultant will maintain insurance in conformance with the requirements set forth below. Consultant will use existing coverage to comply with these requirements. If that existing coverage does not meet the requirements set forth here, Consultant agrees to amend, supplement or endorse the existing coverage to do so. Consultant acknowledges that the insurance coverage and policy limits set forth in this section constitute the minimum amount of coverage required. Any insurance proceeds available to City in excess of the limits and coverage required in this agreement and which is applicable to a given loss, will be available to City. Consultant shall provide the following types and amounts of insurance: Commercial General Liability Insurance using Insurance Services Office "Commercial General Liability' policy form CG 00 01 or the exact equivalent. Defense costs must be paid in addition to limits. There shall be no cross liability exclusion for claims or suits by one insured against another. Limits are subject to review but in no event less than $2,000,000 per occurrence and $5,000,000 in the aggregate. Business Auto Coverage on ISO Business Auto Coverage form CA 00 01 including symbol 1 (Any Auto) or the exact equivalent. Limits are subject to review, but in no event to be less than $1,000,000 per accident. If Consultant owns no vehicles, this requirement may be satisfied by a non-owned auto endorsement to the general liability policy described above. If Consultant or Consultant employees will use personal autos in any way on this project, Consultant shall provide evidence of personal auto liability coverage for each such person. Professional Liability or Errors and Omissions Insurance as appropriate shall be written on a policy form coverage specifically designed to protect against acts, errors or omissions of the consultant and "Covered Professional Services" as designated in the policy must specifically include work performed under this agreement. The policy limit shall be no less than $1 ,000,000 per claim and in the aggregate. The policy must "pay on behalf of" the insured and must include a provision establishing the insurer's duty to defend. The policy retroactive date shall be on or before the effective date of this Agreement. Worker's Compensation on a state-approved policy form providing statutory benefits as required by law with employer's liability limits no less than $1,000,000 per accident or disease. Insurance procured pursuant to these requirements shall be written by insurers that are admitted carriers in the State of California and with an A.M. Bests rating of A- or better and a minimum financial size VII. Professional Services Agreement between City of Moorpark and Willdan Homeland Solutions. m 00154 General conditions pertaining to provision of insurance coverage by Consultant. Consultant and City agree to the following with respect to insurance provided by Consultant: 1. Consultant agrees to have its insurer endorse the third party general liability coverage required herein to include as additional insureds City, its officials, employees, servants, agents, and independent consultants ("Agency indemnities"), using standard ISO endorsement No. CG 2010 with an edition prior to 1992. Consultant also agrees to require all contractors and subcontractors to do likewise. 2. No liability insurance coverage provided to comply with this Agreement shall prohibit Consultant, or Consultant's employees, or agents, from waiving the right of subrogation prior to a loss. Consultant agrees to waive subrogation rights against City regardless of the applicability of any insurance proceeds, and to require all contractors and subcontractor's to do likewise. 3. All insurance coverage and limits provided by Consultant and available or applicable to this agreement are intended to apply to the full extent of the policies. Nothing contained in this Agreement or any other agreement relating to the City or its operations limits the application of such insurance coverage. 4. None of the coverages required herein will be in compliance with these requirements if they include any limiting endorsement of any kind that has not been first submitted to City and approved of in writing. 5. No liability policy shall contain any provision or definition that would serve to eliminate so-called "third party action over' claims, including any exclusion for bodily injury to an employee of the insured or any contractor or subcontractor. 6. All coverage types and limits required are subject to approval, modification, and additional requirements by the City, as the need arises. Consultant shall not make any reductions in scope of coverage (e.g. elimination of contractual liability or reduction of discovery period) that may affect City's protection without City's prior written consent. 7. Proof of compliance with these insurance requirements, consisting of certificates of insurance evidencing all of the coverages required and an additional insured endorsement to Consultant's general liability policy, shall be delivered to City at or prior to the execution of this Agreement. In the event such proof of any insurance is not delivered as required, or in the event such insurance is canceled at any time and no replacement coverage is provided, City has the right, but not the duty, to obtain any insurance it deems necessary to protect its interests under this or any other agreement and to pay the premium. Any premium so paid by City shall Professional Services Agreement between City of Moorpark and Willdan Homeland Solutions. be charged to and promptly paid by Consultant or deducted from sums due Consultant, at City option. 8. Certificates are to reflect that the insurer will provide 30 days notice to City of any cancellation of coverage. Consultant agrees to require its insurer to modify such certificates to delete any exculpatory wording stating that failure of the insurer to mail written notice of cancellation imposes no obligation, or that any party will "endeavor" (as opposed to being required) to comply with the requirements of the certificate. 9. It is acknowledged by the parties of this agreement that all insurance coverage required to be provided by Consultant or any subconsultant, is intended to apply first and on a primary, non-contributing basis in relation to any other insurance or self insurance available to City. 10. Consultant agrees to ensure that subcontractors, and any other party involved with the project, who is brought onto or involved in the project by Consultant, provide the same minimum insurance coverage required of Consultant. Consultant agrees to monitor and review all such coverage and assumes all responsibility for ensuring that such coverage is provided in conformity with the requirements of this section. Consultant agrees that upon request, all agreements with subcontractors and others engaged in the project will be submitted to City for review. 11. Consultant agrees not to self-insure or to use any self-insured retention or deductibles on any portion of the insurance required herein and further agrees that it will not allow any contractor, subcontractor, or other entity or person in any way involved in the performance of work on the project contemplated by this agreement to self-insure its obligations to City. If Consultant's existing coverage includes a deductible or self-insured retention, the deductible or self-insured retention must be declared to the City. At that time the City shall review options with the Consultant, which may include reduction or elimination of the deductible of self-insured retention, substitution of other coverage, or other solutions. 12. The City reserves the right at any time during the term of the contract to change the amounts and types of insurance required by giving the Consultant ninety (90) days advance written notice of such change. If such change results in substantial additional cost to the Consultant, the City will negotiate additional compensation proportional to the increased benefit to City. 13. For purposes of applying insurance coverage, only, this Agreement will be deemed to have been executed immediately upon any party hereto taking any steps that can be deemed to be in furtherance of or towards performance of this Agreement. Professional Services Agreement between City of Moorpark and Willdan Homeland Solutions. a 0 015 6 14. Consultant acknowledges and agrees that any actual or alleged failure on the part of the City to inform Consultant of non-compliance with any insurance requirement in no way imposes any additional obligations on City nor does it waive any rights hereunder in this or any other regard. 15. Consultant will renew the required coverage annually as long as City, or its employees or agents face an exposure from operations of any type pursuant to this Agreement. This obligation applies whether or not the Agreement is canceled or terminated for any reason. Termination of this obligation is not effective until City executes a written statement to that effect. 16. Consultant shall provide proof that policies of insurance required herein expiring during the term of this Agreement have been renewed or replaced with other policies providing at least the same coverage. Proof that such coverage has been ordered shall be submitted prior to expiration. A coverage binder or letter from Consultant's insurance agent to this effect is acceptable. A certificate of insurance and/or additional insured endorsement is required in these specifications applicable to the renewing or new coverage must be provided to City within five days of the expiration of the coverages. 17. The provisions of any workers' compensation or similar act will not limit the obligations of Consultant under this agreement. Consultant expressly agrees not to use any statutory immunity defenses under such laws with respect to City, its employees, officials, and agents. 18. Requirements of specific coverage features or limits contained in this section are not intended as limitations on coverage, limits or other requirements nor as a waiver of any coverage normally provided by any given policy. Specific reference to a give coverage feature is for purposes of clarification only as it pertains to a given issue, and is not intended by any party of insured to be limiting or all- inclusive. 19. These insurance requirements are intended to be separate and distinct from any other provision in this agreement and are intended by the parties here to be interpreted as such. 20. The requirements in this Section supersede all other sections and provisions of this Agreement to the extent that any other section or provision conflicts with or impairs the provisions of this Section. 21. Consultant agrees to be responsible for ensuring that no contract used by any party involved in any way with the project reserves the right to charge City or Consultant for the cost of additional insurance coverage required by this Agreement. Any such provisions are to be deleted with reference to the City. It is not the intent of City to reimburse any third party for the cost of complying with Professional Services Agreement between City of Moorpark and Wilidan Homeland Solutions. P O o i s' these requirements. There shall be no recourse against City for payment of premiums or other amounts with respect thereto. 22. Consultant agrees to provide immediate notice to City of any claim or loss against Consultant arising out of the work performed under this agreement. City assumes no obligation or liability by such notice, but has the right (but not the duty) to monitor the handling of any such claim or claims if they are likely to involve City. Professional Services Agreement between City of Moorpark and Willdan Homeland Solutions. dJ-